An in situ biofouling monitor for membrane systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W.N.M. Kappelhof ◽  
H.S. Vrouwenvelder ◽  
M. Schaap ◽  
J.C. Kruithof ◽  
D. van der Kooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Non Destructive

Biofouling is a frequently occurring fouling mechanism in membrane applications. Controlling this phenomenon is a challenge due to the difficulty of cleaning biofouling in spiral wound membrane elements. It is assumed that cleaning can be more efficient when biofouling is in an early stage of colonisation. Therefore a sensitive method has to be available for an early identification of biofouling. The present method, the measurement of the normalised pressure drop (NPD) is not specific for biofouling and is not very sensitive. In this research the feasibility of the specific oxygen consumption rate for detection of the activity of biofilms was investigated in membrane systems. The method has the advantages to be specific for active biomass, applicable in situ, non-destructive and more sensitive than NPD. Three experiments demonstrated that the measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption is potentially a simple, reliable method for the measurement of the active biomass in membrane systems. During one of the experiments the method illustrated the effect of cleaning and the regrowth of bacteria afterwards. The method will be further evaluated and standardized. The relation between the specific oxygen consumption rate and the condition of the biofilm, measured by autopsy of membrane elements, will be further explored. The ongoing research will result in an apparatus and procedure, to be used for biofouling identification during the operation of full-scale and pilot plants.

scholarly journals Sulfide may directly modify cytoplasmic hemoglobin deoxygenation in Solemya reidi gills

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kraus ◽  
J Doeller ◽  
C Powell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Optical Spectrum ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Dissociation Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dissociation Rate Constants

The clam Solemya reidi, which survives in sulfide-rich sediments, houses intracellular sulfide-oxidizing bacteria as symbionts in its gills. The gill bacteriocytes also contain a high concentration of cytoplasmic hemoglobin. Although the in situ hemoglobin optical spectrum was not altered in the presence of hydrogen sulfide, hemoglobin deoxygenation was significantly slowed and incomplete when sulfide was present. A sulfide-mediated decrease in oxygen consumption rate, a shift in intracellular pH or the conversion of hemoglobin to an unusual derivative could all slow in situ hemoglobin deoxygenation. However, under low sulfide levels at which deoxygenation is incomplete, oxygen consumption rate was not inhibited, intracellular pH decreased by less than 0.1 units and the only hemoglobin derivatives present were deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. These results and preliminary measurements of the isolated gill hemoglobin dissociation rate constants suggest that sulfide or a rapidly formed oxidation product may directly influence the rate of Solemya reidi gill hemoglobin deoxygenation.

Cellular oxygen consumption depends on body mass

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. R226-R228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Porter ◽  
M. D. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cellular Oxygen

Hepatocytes were isolated from nine species of mammal of different body mass (and standard metabolic rate). The cells were incubated under identical conditions and oxygen consumption measured. The rate of oxygen consumption (per unit mass of cells) scaled with body mass with exponent -0.18. In general, there was a 5.5-fold decrease in oxygen consumption rate with a 12,500-fold increase in body mass. The decrease in oxygen consumption rate was not due to an increase in cell volume with increasing body mass but to a decrease in intrinsic metabolic activity of the cells. This novel finding confirms and explains the decrease in oxygen consumption rate measured in tissue slices from larger mammals by H. A. Krebs (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 4: 249-269, 1950) and recently by P. Couture and A. J. Hulbert [Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 37): R641-R650, 1995].

Oxygen consumption by bovine granulosa cells with prediction of oxygen transport in preantral follicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxing Li ◽  
Gabe P. Redding ◽  
John E. Bronlund
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Key Parameter

The rate of oxygen consumption by granulosa cells is a key parameter in mathematical models that describe oxygen transport across ovarian follicles. This work measured the oxygen consumption rate of bovine granulosa cells in vitro to be in the range 2.1–3.3 × 10–16 mol cell–1 s–1 (0.16–0.25 mol m–3 s–1). The implications of the rates for oxygen transport in large bovine preantral follicles were examined using a mathematical model. The results indicate that oocyte oxygenation becomes increasingly constrained as preantral follicles grow, reaching hypoxic levels near the point of antrum formation. Beyond a preantral follicle radius of 134 µm, oxygen cannot reach the oocyte surface at typical values of model parameters. Since reported sizes of large bovine preantral follicles range from 58 to 145 µm in radius, this suggests that oocyte oxygenation is possible in all but the largest preantral follicles, which are on the verge of antrum formation. In preantral bovine follicles, the oxygen consumption rate of granulosa cells and fluid voidage will be the key determinants of oxygen levels across the follicle.

scholarly journals Oxygen consumption rate in Gasterosteus aculeatus-Schistocephalus solidus system from a non-migratory naturally infected population

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarallo Andrea ◽  
D’Onofrio Giuseppe ◽  
Agnisola Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Migratory Population ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe three spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus is a specific obligatory intermediate host for the cestode worm Schistocephalus solidus. This system is commonly used to investigate the host-parasite interaction in fishes. Despite the interesting attempts which have been made to quantify the impact of the parasite over the respiration rate of the host fish, none of the previous reports took in consideration that stickleback is diversified in different ecotypes according to its ability to made reproductive migration, from and to the sea. Here the oxygen consumption rate in specimens of three-spine stickleback collected from a non-migratory population was quantified with the aim to test if the S. solidus infection drives a change in the oxygen consumption level of the host fish. The results showed that the infected fishes have a higher rate of oxygen consumption compared with the uninfected one. The differences were due to a direct effect of the parasite, not merely to its contribution to the whole oxygen consumption rate. The data were compared with previous reports, showing that the non-migratory population was characterized by a different level of oxygen consumption rate. The differences were interpreted in terms of divergence in physiological adaptations which had to be appeared in different populations.

scholarly journals Protocol for Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rate In Situ in Permeabilized Cardiomyocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100072
Author(s):  
Meng Gao ◽  
Anqi Li ◽  
Yuan Qin ◽  
Bilin Liu ◽  
Guohua Gong
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate

scholarly journals Pengaruh penurunan salinitas terhadap laju konsumsi oksigen dan pertumbuhan ikan kerapu lumpur (Epinephelus tauvina)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Munawar Khalil ◽  
Ainol Mardhiah ◽  
Rachmawaty Rusydi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Reduction ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gain Length ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penurunan salinitas terhadap laju konsumsi oksigen dan pertumbuhan ikan kerapu lumpur (E. tauvina). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 22 April sampai 22 Mei 2015 di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Perikanan Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan tiga ulangan dan dilanjutkan dengan Tukey jika terdapat perbedaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu : perlakuan A (27 ppt), B (24 ppt), C (21 ppt), D (18 ppt) dan E (15 ppt). Parameter yang diamati adalah laju konsumsi oksigen, pertambahan bobot, pertambahan panjang dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi oksigen tertinggi terdapat pada pelakuan  E (15 ppt) yaitu 0,987±0,085 mgO2/gr/jam dan terendah pada perlakuan A (27 ppt) yaitu 0,612±0,033 mgO2/gr/jam. Pertambahan bobot, panjang dan kelangsungan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B (24 ppt) yaitu masing-masing sebesar 1,231±0,153 gram, 0,970±0,083 cm dan 90,476 %. Selama penelitian ini suhu bekisar antara 26,9 – 29 oC, pH 6,8 – 8,2 dan DO 6,8 – 8,1 mg/ L.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salinity reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption and growth grouper (E. tauvina). The research was conducted on April 22 to May 22, 2015. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquatic Hatchery and Technology, Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture, University Malikussaleh. The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with three replication and five treatments followed by Tukey if there is a difference. The treatments were as follow: treatment A (27 ppt), B (24 ppt), C (21 ppt), D (18 ppt) and E (15 ppt). Parameters measured were oxygen consumption rate, weight gain, length and survival rate. The results showed that oxygen consumption is highest in the carrying out of  E (15 ppt) is 0,987±0,085 mgO2/gr/h and the lowest in treatment A (27 ppt) is 0,612±0,033 mgO2/gr/h. Weight gain, length and survival rate is highest in treatment B (24 ppt) are respectively 1,231±0,153 gr, 0,970±0,083 cm and 90,476 %. During this study the temperature ranged between 26,9 – 29 oC, pH 6,8–8,2 and DO 6,8–8,1 mg/L.

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoir

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń ◽  
Teresa Bednarz ◽  
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Release ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Ion Contents

Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoirIndices of microbial efficiency (expressed as oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release) were determined in the water column of the meromictic Piaseczno Reservoir (in an opencast sulphur mine), which is rich in sulphur compounds. Phytoplankton abundances were low in both the mixolimnion (up to 15 m depth) and monimolimnion (below 15 m depth). In summer and winter, carbon dioxide release was 3-fold and 5-fold higher, respectively, in the monimolimnion than in the mixolimnion. Laboratory enrichments of the sulphur substrate of the water resulted in a decrease in oxygen consumption rate of by about 42% in mixolimnion samples, and in the carbon dioxide release rate by about 69% in monimolimnion samples. Water temperature, pH and bivalent ion contents were of major importance in shaping the microbial metabolic efficiency in the mixolimnion, whilst in the monimolimnion these relationships were not evident.

scholarly journals Correction: Paszkiewicz et al. A Peripheral CB1R Antagonist Increases Lipolysis, Oxygen Consumption Rate, and Markers of Beiging in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Similar to RIM, Suggesting That Central Effects Can Be Avoided. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 6639

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Paszkiewicz ◽  
Richard N. Bergman ◽  
Roberta S. Santos ◽  
Aaron P. Frank ◽  
Orison O. Woolcott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Central Effects

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

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