scholarly journals Oxygen consumption rate in Gasterosteus aculeatus-Schistocephalus solidus system from a non-migratory naturally infected population

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarallo Andrea ◽  
D’Onofrio Giuseppe ◽  
Agnisola Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Migratory Population ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe three spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus is a specific obligatory intermediate host for the cestode worm Schistocephalus solidus. This system is commonly used to investigate the host-parasite interaction in fishes. Despite the interesting attempts which have been made to quantify the impact of the parasite over the respiration rate of the host fish, none of the previous reports took in consideration that stickleback is diversified in different ecotypes according to its ability to made reproductive migration, from and to the sea. Here the oxygen consumption rate in specimens of three-spine stickleback collected from a non-migratory population was quantified with the aim to test if the S. solidus infection drives a change in the oxygen consumption level of the host fish. The results showed that the infected fishes have a higher rate of oxygen consumption compared with the uninfected one. The differences were due to a direct effect of the parasite, not merely to its contribution to the whole oxygen consumption rate. The data were compared with previous reports, showing that the non-migratory population was characterized by a different level of oxygen consumption rate. The differences were interpreted in terms of divergence in physiological adaptations which had to be appeared in different populations.

scholarly journals The three-spined stickleback-Schistocephalus solidussystem: an experimental model for investigating host-parasite interactions in fish

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BARBER ◽  
J. P. SCHARSACK
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Host Behaviour

SUMMARYPlerocercoids of the pseudophyllidean cestodeSchistocephalus solidusinfect the three-spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus, with important consequences for the biology of host fish. Techniques for culturing the parasitein vitroand generating infective stages that can be used to infect sticklebacks experimentally have been developed, and the system is increasingly used as a laboratory model for investigating aspects of host-parasite interactions. Recent experimental laboratory studies have focused on the immune responses of hosts to infection, the consequences of infection for the growth and reproductive development of host fish and the effects of infection on host behaviour. Here we introduce the host and the parasite, review the major findings of these recent experimental infection studies and identify further aspects of host parasite interactions that might be investigated using the system.

scholarly journals The impact of high and low atmospheric pressure in the Jordanian environment on some physiological variable for runners .

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Baker Thnibat
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Atmospheric Pressure

<p>The study aimed at identifying the impact of difference between the areas of high atmospheric pressure in the Jordanian environment on some physiological variable ( estimating maximal oxygen consumption , estimating rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin ,vital capacity), for runners .</p><p>  The study sample consisted of (16) athletes who practice ( middle and long – distance running). A number of statistical methods were used to answer the questions of the study ( arithmetic means , standard deviations , Mann.Whiteny test ,and the result of Kolmogorov – Smirnov tests ) .</p><p>  The study result concluded that there was apriority for the measurements which were conducted on the training groups of low atmospheric pressure in comparison with the other group, with regard to the  variables (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin). The study result also showed that there was apriority for the measurements which were conducted on the training groups of high  atmospheric pressure in comparison with the other group, regarding  to the  variables (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin).in the areas of high  atmospheric pressure.</p><p>The study result also suggested that ther were no statistically significant differences between two training groups with regard to the study variables of (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin ,vital capacity), were measured in  of high atmospheric pressure areas .</p><p>The study recommended about building sports facilities that simulate the areas of low atmospheric pressure , because of the expected role that the factors would play in improving some physiological variables .</p>

Cellular oxygen consumption depends on body mass

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. R226-R228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Porter ◽  
M. D. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cellular Oxygen

Hepatocytes were isolated from nine species of mammal of different body mass (and standard metabolic rate). The cells were incubated under identical conditions and oxygen consumption measured. The rate of oxygen consumption (per unit mass of cells) scaled with body mass with exponent -0.18. In general, there was a 5.5-fold decrease in oxygen consumption rate with a 12,500-fold increase in body mass. The decrease in oxygen consumption rate was not due to an increase in cell volume with increasing body mass but to a decrease in intrinsic metabolic activity of the cells. This novel finding confirms and explains the decrease in oxygen consumption rate measured in tissue slices from larger mammals by H. A. Krebs (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 4: 249-269, 1950) and recently by P. Couture and A. J. Hulbert [Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 37): R641-R650, 1995].

Oxygen consumption by bovine granulosa cells with prediction of oxygen transport in preantral follicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxing Li ◽  
Gabe P. Redding ◽  
John E. Bronlund
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Key Parameter

The rate of oxygen consumption by granulosa cells is a key parameter in mathematical models that describe oxygen transport across ovarian follicles. This work measured the oxygen consumption rate of bovine granulosa cells in vitro to be in the range 2.1–3.3 × 10–16 mol cell–1 s–1 (0.16–0.25 mol m–3 s–1). The implications of the rates for oxygen transport in large bovine preantral follicles were examined using a mathematical model. The results indicate that oocyte oxygenation becomes increasingly constrained as preantral follicles grow, reaching hypoxic levels near the point of antrum formation. Beyond a preantral follicle radius of 134 µm, oxygen cannot reach the oocyte surface at typical values of model parameters. Since reported sizes of large bovine preantral follicles range from 58 to 145 µm in radius, this suggests that oocyte oxygenation is possible in all but the largest preantral follicles, which are on the verge of antrum formation. In preantral bovine follicles, the oxygen consumption rate of granulosa cells and fluid voidage will be the key determinants of oxygen levels across the follicle.

scholarly journals Exosomal microRNA-503-3p derived from macrophages represses glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in breast cancer cells by elevating DACT2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulin Huang ◽  
Peizhi Fan ◽  
Chaojie Zhang ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Xiaowen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging drivers in tumor progression, while the role of miR-503-3p in breast cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. We aimed to explore the impact of macrophage-derived exosomal miR-503-3p in the development of BC by regulating disheveled-associated binding antagonist of beta-catenin 2 (DACT2). miR-503-3p and DACT2 expression in BC tissues and cells was assessed, and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins in BC cells was also evaluated. Macrophages were induced and exosomes were extracted. The screened BC cell lines were, respectively, treated with exosomes, miR-503-3p inhibitor/mimic or upregulated/inhibited DACT2, and then the phenotypes, glucose intake, oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) level of BC cells were determined. Cell growth in vivo was also observed. MiR-503-3p was elevated, DACT2 was reduced, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in BC cells. Macrophage-derived exosomes, upregulated miR-503-3p or inhibited DACT2 promoted malignant behaviors of BC cells, glucose intake, and activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while repressed oxygen consumption rate and ATP level in BC cells. Reversely, reduced miR-503-3p or upregulated DACT2 exerted opposite effects. This study revealed that reduction of macrophage-derived exosomal miR-503-3p repressed glycolysis and promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in BC by elevating DACT2 and inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our research may provide novel targets for BC treatment.

scholarly journals A novel estimate of ocean oxygen utilisation points to a reduced rate of respiration in the ocean interior

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7723-7738 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Duteil ◽  
W. Koeve ◽  
A. Oschlies ◽  
D. Bianchi ◽  
E. Galbraith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Observational Dataset ◽  
Oxygen Utilisation ◽  
Ocean Models ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Apparent Oxygen Utilisation (AOU) is a classical measure of the amount of oxygen respired in the ocean's interior. We show that AOU systematically overestimates True Oxygen Utilisation (TOU) in 6 coupled circulation-biogeochemical ocean models. This is due to atmosphere–ocean oxygen disequilibria in the subduction regions, consistent with previous work. We develop a simple, new, observationally-based approach which we call Evaluated Oxygen Utilisation (EOU). In this approach, we take into account the impact of the upper ocean oxygen disequilibria into the interior, considering that transport takes place predominantly along isopycnal surfaces. The EOU approximates the TOU with less than half of the bias of AOU in all 6 models despite large differences in the physical and biological components of the models. Applying the EOU approach to a global observational dataset yields an oxygen consumption rate 25% lower than that derived from AOU-based estimates, for a given ventilation rate.

scholarly journals A Peripheral CB1R Antagonist Increases Lipolysis, Oxygen Consumption Rate, and Markers of Beiging in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Similar to RIM, Suggesting that Central Effects Can Be Avoided

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6639
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Paszkiewicz ◽  
Richard N. Bergman ◽  
Roberta S. Santos ◽  
Aaron P. Frank ◽  
Orison O. Woolcott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
The Impact

With the increased prevalence of obesity and related co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), worldwide, improvements in pharmacological treatments are necessary. The brain- and peripheral-cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist rimonabant (RIM) has been shown to induce weight loss and improve glucose homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that RIM promotes adipose tissue beiging and decreased adipocyte cell size, even during maintenance on a high-fat diet. Given the adverse side-effects of brain-penetrance with RIM, in this study we aimed to determine the site of action for a non-brain-penetrating CB1R antagonist AM6545. By using in vitro assays, we demonstrated the direct effects of this non-brain-penetrating CB1R antagonist on cultured adipocytes. Specifically, we showed, for the first time, that AM6545 significantly increases markers of adipose tissue beiging, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), consisting of baseline respiratory rate, proton leak, maximal respiratory capacity, and ATP synthase activity, was greater for cells exposed to AM6545, demonstrating greater mitochondrial uncoupling. Using a lipolysis inhibitor during real-time OCR measurements, we determined that the impact of CB1R antagonism on adipocytes is driven by increased lipolysis. Thus, our data suggest the direct role of CB1R antagonism on adipocytes does not require brain penetrance, supporting the importance of focus on peripheral CB1R antagonism pharmacology for reducing the incidence of obesity and T2D.

An in situ biofouling monitor for membrane systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W.N.M. Kappelhof ◽  
H.S. Vrouwenvelder ◽  
M. Schaap ◽  
J.C. Kruithof ◽  
D. van der Kooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Non Destructive

Biofouling is a frequently occurring fouling mechanism in membrane applications. Controlling this phenomenon is a challenge due to the difficulty of cleaning biofouling in spiral wound membrane elements. It is assumed that cleaning can be more efficient when biofouling is in an early stage of colonisation. Therefore a sensitive method has to be available for an early identification of biofouling. The present method, the measurement of the normalised pressure drop (NPD) is not specific for biofouling and is not very sensitive. In this research the feasibility of the specific oxygen consumption rate for detection of the activity of biofilms was investigated in membrane systems. The method has the advantages to be specific for active biomass, applicable in situ, non-destructive and more sensitive than NPD. Three experiments demonstrated that the measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption is potentially a simple, reliable method for the measurement of the active biomass in membrane systems. During one of the experiments the method illustrated the effect of cleaning and the regrowth of bacteria afterwards. The method will be further evaluated and standardized. The relation between the specific oxygen consumption rate and the condition of the biofilm, measured by autopsy of membrane elements, will be further explored. The ongoing research will result in an apparatus and procedure, to be used for biofouling identification during the operation of full-scale and pilot plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh penurunan salinitas terhadap laju konsumsi oksigen dan pertumbuhan ikan kerapu lumpur (Epinephelus tauvina)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Munawar Khalil ◽  
Ainol Mardhiah ◽  
Rachmawaty Rusydi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Reduction ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gain Length ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penurunan salinitas terhadap laju konsumsi oksigen dan pertumbuhan ikan kerapu lumpur (E. tauvina). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 22 April sampai 22 Mei 2015 di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Perikanan Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan tiga ulangan dan dilanjutkan dengan Tukey jika terdapat perbedaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu : perlakuan A (27 ppt), B (24 ppt), C (21 ppt), D (18 ppt) dan E (15 ppt). Parameter yang diamati adalah laju konsumsi oksigen, pertambahan bobot, pertambahan panjang dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi oksigen tertinggi terdapat pada pelakuan  E (15 ppt) yaitu 0,987±0,085 mgO2/gr/jam dan terendah pada perlakuan A (27 ppt) yaitu 0,612±0,033 mgO2/gr/jam. Pertambahan bobot, panjang dan kelangsungan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B (24 ppt) yaitu masing-masing sebesar 1,231±0,153 gram, 0,970±0,083 cm dan 90,476 %. Selama penelitian ini suhu bekisar antara 26,9 – 29 oC, pH 6,8 – 8,2 dan DO 6,8 – 8,1 mg/ L.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salinity reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption and growth grouper (E. tauvina). The research was conducted on April 22 to May 22, 2015. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquatic Hatchery and Technology, Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture, University Malikussaleh. The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with three replication and five treatments followed by Tukey if there is a difference. The treatments were as follow: treatment A (27 ppt), B (24 ppt), C (21 ppt), D (18 ppt) and E (15 ppt). Parameters measured were oxygen consumption rate, weight gain, length and survival rate. The results showed that oxygen consumption is highest in the carrying out of  E (15 ppt) is 0,987±0,085 mgO2/gr/h and the lowest in treatment A (27 ppt) is 0,612±0,033 mgO2/gr/h. Weight gain, length and survival rate is highest in treatment B (24 ppt) are respectively 1,231±0,153 gr, 0,970±0,083 cm and 90,476 %. During this study the temperature ranged between 26,9 – 29 oC, pH 6,8–8,2 and DO 6,8–8,1 mg/L.

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