How can drinking water treatments influence chlorine dioxide consumption and by-product formation in final disinfection?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Michela Biasibetti ◽  
Francesca Gialdini ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Subalpine Lake ◽  
Organic Halogens ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halogens

In this study water samples of different origins (subalpine lake, artificial lake and river) were treated by pre-oxidation, coagulation/flocculation, adsorption on granular activated carbon and disinfection. Different laboratory-scale tests were carried out to evaluate the treatment impact on ClO2 consumption in disinfection and on the formation of disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes, adsorbable organic halogen, chlorite and chlorate). The results showed that coagulation/flocculation and activated carbon adsorption have the most significant impact on reducing disinfectant consumption. Pre-oxidation of artificial lake water with KMnO4 and NaClO determines the highest ClO2 consumption. Regardless of the water source, the amount of chlorite produced after disinfection with ClO2 is 40–60% lower using NaClO as the pre-oxidant rather than KMnO4 or ClO2. Otherwise, NaClO leads to a high formation of adsorbable organic halogens and trihalomethanes in artificial lake water (up to 60 μg/L and 20 μg/L respectively), while in the case of ClO2 oxidation, trihalomethane formation is 98% less compared to NaClO. Further, adding ferrous ion in coagulation/flocculation improves the removal of chlorite produced during pre-oxidation, with a 90% removal, mainly due to the reduction of chlorite to chloride. Finally, activated carbon adsorption after pre-oxidation and coagulation/flocculation removes adsorbable organic halogens and trihalomethanes respectively by 50–60% and 30–98%, and completes the chlorite and chlorate removal.

Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors from River and Lake Water by Activated Carbon Adsorption

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1687-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takeuchi ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
N. Soeda
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Eastern Japan ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study was undertaken to clarify the method of reducing trihalomethane and its precursors from river and lake water in view of drinking water purification. Sources of water were chosen among lakes and rivers in Eastern Japan and biological treatment and coagulative precipitation of the water samples were carried out prior to activated carbon adsorption. A strong relation was shown between TOC and THMFP of raw and treated samples, and the relation changed due to the extent of biological treatment. Though the chemical structure of substances which may cause trihalomethane formation is not clear, the content of ammoniacal nitrogen is responsible for the reduction of trihalomethane formation produced by the addition of chlorine. However, this does not mean that the reduction of chlorine dose can be achieved simply by the process of biological treatment.

Treatment of High-Strength, Complex and Toxic Chemical Wastewater: End-of Pipe “Best Available Technology” vs. an In-Plant Control Program

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Shimshon Belkin ◽  
Asher Brenner ◽  
Alon Lebel ◽  
Aharon Abeliovich
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Control Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Best Available Technology ◽  
Available Technology

A case study is presented, in which two approaches to the treatment of complex chemical wastewater are experimentally compared: an end-of-pipe “best available technology” option and an in-plant source segregation program. Both options proved to be feasible. Application of the powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT™) process for the combined end-of-pipe stream yielded up to 93% reduction of dissolved organic carbon, with complete toxicity elimination. In order to examine the potential for applying a conventional activated sludge process, a simplified laboratory screening procedure was devised, aimed at establishing baseline data of removability potential, defined either by biodegradation, activated carbon adsorption or volatilization. Using this procedure, the major source of the non-biodegradable fraction in the combined park's wastewater was traced to a single factory, from which twelve individual source streams were screened. The results allowed the division of the tested sources into three groups: degradable, volatile, and problematic. A modified wastewater segregation and treatment program was accordingly proposed, which should allow an efficient and environmentally acceptable solution. This program is presently at its final testing stages, at the conclusion of which a full comparison between the two approaches will be carried out.

The effect of surface metal oxides on activated carbon adsorption of phenolics

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1841-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois J. Uranowski ◽  
Charles H. Tessmer ◽  
Radisav D. Vidic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Surface Metal ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The Study on Formaldehyde Emission of Composite Floor and Activated Carbon Adsorption on Formaldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4956-4959
Author(s):  
Jian Chao Hao ◽  
Hui Fen Liu ◽  
Dong Ling Wei ◽  
Li Jun Shi ◽  
Jun Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Airtight Chamber ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Order Kinetic Equation

The relationship between formaldehyde emission and time was researched and a mathematical model was developed which describes the variation of formaldehyde with time in the airtight chamber. It was found that high quality composite floor was in line with 0-order kinetic equation and low quality composite floor was in line with 1-order kinetic equation. Besides, the effect of activated carbon adsorption on formaldehyde was studied and the result showed that activated carbon had poor adsorption on formaldehyde for weak van der waals force.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document