Water-level regulation for freshwater management of Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, China

The Bosten Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake of China, in which water level and salinity fluctuate due to the imbalance between inflows and outflows under climate change and anthropogenic activities. This paper employed system dynamics as an effective methodology to grasp the regulation rules for sustainable freshwater management of the Bosten Lake. Results show the following. (1) Changing of lake water salinity is not only affected by the salinity of water entering and leaving, but is mostly a result of water exchange rate (WER) and the lake level fluctuation. (2) According to the estimated regime of lake level regulations, it is attested that surface water inflow must be larger than outflow about 10.6 × 108 m3 every year. Thus, the Bosten Lake can keep its normal water level. (3) A nonlinear equation was fitted between WER and average salinity of the Bosten Lake. This equation quantifies that when WER equals, or is larger than, 7, the Bosten Lake can be kept as a freshwater lake at all times.

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Hydrological regime of Adygine lake, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie2014119040320 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 320-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kristýna Falátková ◽

Miroslav Šobr ◽

Jan Kocum ◽

Bohumír Janský

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Lake Level ◽

Hydrological Regime ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Tien Shan ◽

Diurnal Fluctuation ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Level Fluctuation ◽

Lake Level Fluctuation ◽

Specific Factors

This article provides a detailed analysis of the hydrological regime of the Adygine glacial lake in Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, and of the specific factors which affect it. Glaciers of central Tien Shan are considered to be very sensitive indicators of climate change. The studied lake belongs to a system of relatively recently formed lakes situated near the front of the retreating glacier and is numbered amongst the potentially dangerous. The lake’s water level and its dependence on the development of climatic conditions in the area were monitored in detail in 2007–2012. A substantial part of this paper is the evaluation of the inflow and outflow balance of the lake’s basin. The results confirmed that the hydrological regime is glacial and exhibits its typical characteristics, such as a seasonal evolution of runoff delay or significant diurnal fluctuation of the lake’s water level. During the monitored period, no major changes in annual lake level fluctuation were recorded.

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Lake level and trophic state variables among a population of shallow Florida lakes and within individual lakes

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f05-177 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 2760-2769 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mark V Hoyer ◽

Christine A Horsburgh ◽

Daniel E Canfield, Jr. ◽

Roger W Bachmann

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Lake Level ◽

Trophic State ◽

Secchi Depth ◽

Water Level Fluctuation ◽

Water Level Fluctuations ◽

Level Fluctuation ◽

State Variables ◽

Florida Lakes ◽

Lake Level Fluctuation

Monthly total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll concentrations, Secchi depth, and lake water level data for 84 Florida lakes were used to examine relations between trophic state variables and water level fluctuation. Lake size averaged 566 ha (range 4.0 to 5609 ha), with the period of record for individual lakes averaging 57 months (range 7 to 175 months). Lake level fluctuation for individual lakes averaged 1.3 m (range 0.1 to 3.5 m). The lakes also ranged from oligotrophic to hypereutrophic, with average chlorophyll values for individual lakes ranging from 1 to 97 µg·L1. No overall relation between trophic state variables and lake level fluctuation could be found among the population of lakes. However, individual lakes showed direct, inverse, or no significant relations between lake trophic state variables and water level fluctuation, regardless of the magnitude of water level fluctuation. These data suggest that predicting how water level fluctuations will impact trophic state variables among a population of lakes will be difficult, if not impossible, and that any accurate predictions will have to be made after first examining several mechanisms within individual lake systems.

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Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Water Hyacinth and Its Linkage with Lake-Level Fluctuation: Lake Tana, a Sub-Humid Region of the Ethiopian Highlands

Water ◽

10.3390/w12051435 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1435 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minychl G. Dersseh ◽

Seifu A. Tilahun ◽

Abeyou W. Worqlul ◽

Mamaru A. Moges ◽

Wubneh B. Abebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Lake Level ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Water Level Fluctuation ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Level Fluctuation ◽

Lake Tana ◽

Lake Level Fluctuation ◽

The Impact

Water hyacinth originated from the Amazon Basin and has expanded to other parts of the world since the 1800s. In Ethiopia, the weed is affecting the socio-economic activities of the people whose livelihood is directly or indirectly dependent on Lake Tana. Still, the area covered by water hyacinth and the impact of water level fluctuation on the expansion of water hyacinth has not been known clearly. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of water hyacinth and relation with lake-level fluctuation. The area covered by water hyacinth was determined using monthly Sentinel-2 images, which were collected from November 2015 to December 2019. The impact of water level fluctuation on the expansion of water hyacinth was evaluated using hourly water level data converted to a monthly average to correlate with the area covered by the water hyacinth. In addition, MOD13Q1.006 data was used to evaluate the trend of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its linkage with the weed. The maximum areas covered by water hyacinth were 278.3, 613.6, 1108.7, 2036.5, and 2504.5 ha in Feb 2015, October 2016, September 2017, December 2018, and in December 2019, respectively. Its areal coverage was declining from the northern corridors and increasing in eastern shores of the lake. The lake-level fluctuation was observed in the range of 1.5 to 3.98 m in this study. The annual mean maximum spatial values of the NDVI were in the range of 0.27 and 0.47. The area covered by water hyacinth was increasing significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with the seasonal lake-level fluctuation. High water level enabled the expansion of the weed by extending its suitable habitat of shallow water to the flood plain. Based on the results of this study, lake-level fluctuations can have an adverse impact on the expansion of the weed.

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Establishment of Three Emergent Macrophytes Under Different Water Regimes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0167 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 233-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. G. T. Giovannini ◽

D. M. L. da Motta Marques

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Aquatic Macrophytes ◽

Water Regime ◽

Emergent Macrophytes ◽

Morphological Response ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Wetland Construction ◽

Scirpus Californicus ◽

Level 3 ◽

Plot Design

The behavior of three emergent aquatic macrophytes under different water regimes was studied with the aim of achieving reconvertion of degraded wetlands and wetland construction for water quality improvement. Scirpus californicus, Typha subulata and Zizaniopsis bonariensis establishment was evaluated under a split plot design, in a factorial experiment with three levels of a water regime factor over a subsoil substratum. The stagnant 10±2 cm water level was best suited to T. subulata and Z. bonariensis development and S. californicus developed better at oscillating water level (3±2 cm) with flooding at 48 hour intervals. The morphological response variables (thickness and width at half length of the tallest leaf or stem per plant, height of tallest leaf or stem per plant, number of green leaves or stems and number of shoots per plant, and survival of propagules' original leaves or stems) were satisfactory descriptors to differentiate (p<0.1%) growth of above ground parts as related to water regimes and species. The three species did survive satisfactory in subsoil-like substratum under the tested water regimes. Mortality was in the worse case, 17.2%, 36.7%, and 9.4% for S. californicus, T. subulata, and Z. bonariensis, respectively. Although Z. bonariensis growth was very poor, only S. californicus and T. subulata could be indicated for planting under similar limiting conditions.

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Phosphorus cycling in freshwater lake sediments: Influence of seasonal water level fluctuations

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148383 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 148383

Author(s):

Xiancang Wu ◽

Teng Ma ◽

Yao Du ◽

Qianqian Jiang ◽

Shuai Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Lake Sediments ◽

Freshwater Lake ◽

Phosphorus Cycling ◽

Water Level Fluctuations

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Quantifying recent lake level changes in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile): Back to the future?

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8467 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Ariztegui ◽

Clément Pollier ◽

Andrés Bilmes

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Lake Level ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Tierra Del Fuego ◽

Water Level Fluctuations ◽

Lake Levels ◽

The Past ◽

Rainfall Variations ◽

The Impact

Lake levels in hydrologically closed-basins are very sensitive to climatically and/or anthropogenically triggered environmental changes. Their record through time can provide valuable information to forecast changes that can have substantial economical and societal impact.Increasing precipitation in eastern Patagonia (Argentina) have been documented following years with strong El Ni&#241;o (cold) events using historical and meteorological data. Quantifying changes in modern lake levels allow determining the impact of rainfall variations while contributing to anticipate the evolution of lacustrine systems over the next decades with expected fluctuations in ENSO frequencies. Laguna Carrilaufquen Grande is located in the intermontane Maquinchao Basin, Argentina. Its dimension fluctuates greatly, from 20 to 55 km2 water surface area and an average water depth of 3 m. Several well-preserved gravelly beach ridges witness rainfall variations that can be compared to meteorological data and satellite images covering the last ~50 years. Our results show that in 2016 lake level was the lowest of the past 44 years whereas the maximum lake level was recorded in 1985 (+11.8 m above the current lake level) in a position 1.6 km to the east of the present shoreline. A five-years moving average rainfall record of the area was calculated smoothing the extreme annual events and correlated to the determined lake level fluctuations. The annual variation of lake levels was up to 1.2 m (e.g. 2014) whereas decadal variations related to humid-arid periods for the interval 2002 to 2016 were up to 9.4 m. These data are consistent with those from other monitored lakes and, thus, our approach opens up new perspectives to understand the historical water level fluctuations of lakes with non-available monitoring data.&#160;Laguna de los Cisnes in the Chilean section of the island of Tierra del Fuego, is a closed-lake presently divided into two sections of 2.2 and 11.9 km2, respectively. These two water bodies were united in the past forming a single larger lake. The lake level was&#160; ca. 4 m higher than today as shown by clear shorelines and the outcropping of large Ca-rich microbialites. Historical data, aerial photographs and satellite images indicate that the most recent changes in lake level are the result of a massive decrease of water input during the last half of the 20th century triggered by an indiscriminate use of the incoming water for agricultural purposes. The spectacular outcropping of living and fossil microbialites is not only interesting from a scientific point of view but has also initiated the development of the site as a local touristic attraction. However, if the use of the incoming water for agriculture in the catchment remains unregulated the lake water level might drop dangerously and eventually the lake might fully desiccate.These two examples illustrate how recent changes in lake level can be used to anticipate the near future of lakes. They show that ongoing climate changes along with the growing demand of natural resources have already started to impact lacustrine systems and this is likely to increase in the decades to come.

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Simplified Lake Surface Area Method for the Minimum Ecological Water Level of Lakes and Wetlands

Water ◽

10.3390/w10081056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Songpu Shang ◽

Songhao Shang

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Surface Area ◽

Lake Level ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Lake Surface ◽

Area Method ◽

Ecosystem Protection ◽

Lake Morphology ◽

Lake Surface Area ◽

Ecological Water Level

The determination of the rational minimum ecological water level is the base for the protection of ecosystems in shrinking lakes and wetlands. Based on the lake surface area method, a simplified lake surface area method was proposed to define the minimum ecological lake level from the lake level-logarithm of the surface area curve. The curve slope at the minimum ecological lake level is the ratio of the maximum lake storage to the maximum surface area. For most practical cases when the curve cannot be expressed as a simple analytical function, the minimum ecological lake level can be determined numerically using the weighted sum method for an equivalent multi-objective optimization model that balances ecosystem protection and water use. This method requires fewer data of lake morphology and is simple to compute. Therefore, it is more convenient to use this method in the assessment of the ecological lake level. The proposed method was used to determine the minimum ecological water level for one freshwater lake, one saltwater lake, and one wetland in China. The results can be used in the lake ecosystem protection planning and the rational use of water resources in the lake or wetland basins.

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Research on the normal water level and its effect on waterway condition in the cascade navigation-power junction

River Flow 2014 ◽

10.1201/b17133-339 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 2543-2546

Author(s):

Xiaoxiang Feng ◽

Yibing Li

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Normal Water

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KARAKTERISTIK KONSENTRASI CH4 (METANA) DI BEBERAPA KOTA BESAR DAN KOTA KECIL DI INDONESIA

MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE ◽

10.24895/mig.2017.19-2.619 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Indah Susanti ◽

Lilik Slamet S ◽

Waluyo Eko Cahyono

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Small Towns ◽

Statistical Regression ◽

Friedman Test ◽

Large Cities ◽

Infra Red ◽

Level 3 ◽

Using Data

ABSTRAKKeberadaan konsentrasi CH4 di atmosfer berasal dari sumber emisi CH4 di permukaan bumi baik asal antropogenik maupun alami. Bobot molekul CH4 yang ringan mengakibatkan CH4 dapat bergerak vertikal sampai ke stratosfer. Konsentrasi CH4 yang tak terkendali berakibat pada pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim, sehingga perlu dipahami karakteristik CH4 terutama di beberapa kota besar (Jakarta, Medan, Makassar) dan kota kecil (Ambon, Biak Numfor, Pangkal Pinang) di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data Atmospheric Infra Red Soundings (AIRS) level 3 yang memiliki resolusi spasial satu derajat dan resolusi temporal bulanan, untuk periode waktu 2003-2015, dikaji kecenderungan konsentrasi CH4 di enam kota dan anomalinya pada beberapa ketinggian atmosfer serta analisis pengaruh kategori kota (kota besar dan kota kecil berdasarkan jumlah penduduk) terhadap konsentrasi CH4. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis spasial horizontal dan vertical dengan bantuan Software Grads untuk mengetahui daerah mana dan pada level ketinggian mana terjadi perubahan konsentrasi CH4, serta ditunjang oleh analisis statistik regresi dan uji Friedman serta uji Tukey untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh kategori kota terhadap konsentrasi CH4 di atmosfer. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya penurunan konsentrasi CH4 terhadap ketinggian atmosfer dengan pola logaritmik (eksponensial) yang sebagian besar berasal dari kegiatan di permukaan bumi. Fluktuasi konsentrasi CH4 di atmosfer disebabkan salah satunya oleh El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO). Kondisi ini tampak dari kesamaan pola nilai indeks ENSO dan konsentrasi CH4. Berdasarkan penelitian dengan menggunakan uji Friedman dan uji Tukey dihasilkan bahwa klasifikasi kota menjadi kota besar dan kota kecil tidak berpengaruh pada konsentrasi CH4.Kata kunci: profil, metana, AIRS, statistik, klasifikasi, kotaABSTRACTConcentration of CH4 in the atmosphere comes from the source of CH4 emissions on the earth's surface either natural or anthropogenic activities. The light molecular weight resulting CH4 can move vertically up into the stratosphere. Unbridled CH4 concentration resulted in global warming and climate change. So, it’s important to understand CH4 characteristics, especially in large cities (Jakarta, Medan, Makassar) and small towns (Ambon, Biak Noemfoor, Pangkal Pinang) in Indonesia. Using data Atmospheric Infra Red Soundings (AIRS) level 3 which has a spatial resolution of one degree and monthly temporal resolution, for time period from 2003 to 2015, we analyzed the tendency of concentration of CH4 in 6 cities and its anomalies in some altitude atmosphere as well as analysis of the influence of the city category (cities and towns based on population) towards the CH4 concentration. The method used in this research is the analysis of spatial horizontal and vertical using Grads to know region and altitude levels which have change the concentration of CH4. In additon, supported by statistical regression analysis and Friedman test and Tukey test to determine whether there is any relation between city category against concentration of CH4 in the atmosphere. The results indicate a decrease in the height of atmospheric CH4 concentrations with the pattern of logarithmic (exponential) is mostly derived from activities in the Earth's surface. Fluctuations in the concentration of CH4 in the atmosphere caused among other is by El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO). This condition appears on the similarities of the ENSO index values and CH4 concentrations. Based on research by using the Friedman test and Tukey's test result that classification of cities and towns has no effect on the concentration of CH4.Keywords: profile, CH4, AIRS, statistic, classification, city

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