scholarly journals Continuous flow process of Cr(VI) removal from drinking water through reduction onto FeOOH by inorganic sulfur reductants

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthimia Kaprara ◽  
Fani Pinakidou ◽  
Eleni C. Paloura ◽  
Anastasios I. Zouboulis ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Treatment Application

Abstract In this study, the implementation of an iron oxy-hydroxide (FeOOH) as a surface catalyst for Cr(VI) reduction by inorganic sulfur reductants (ISRs) was investigated. Batch Cr(VI) removal tests, performed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of ISRs in the presence of FeOOH, qualified Na2S2O4 as the optimum for drinking water treatment. Application of Na2S2O4 in continuous flow rapid small scale column tests, using a FeOOH adsorbent at pH 7 ± 0.1 and artificial (resembling natural) water matrix, verified the high potential for Cr(VI) removal at sub-ppb level. Indeed, a 15 mg S/L Na2S2O4 dose diminished an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 100 μg/L below the method's detection limit of 1.4 μg/L at least for 105 bed volumes. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy revealed that Cr(VI) forms outer sphere complexes, while Cr(III) is involved in 2E, 2C and 1 V geometries with the surface Fe-oxyhydroxyl groups. It can, therefore, be concluded that FeOOH attracts Cr(VI) to its surface via physisorption, offering a solid surface that promotes the transfer of electrons through bridging ions. Thus, when Na2S2O4 is added in the system, Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III), which is subsequently chemisorbed onto the FeOOH surface.

Experiences with the practical implementation and operation of biological nitrification for a small-scale drinking water treatment plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Richard ◽  
E. Mayr ◽  
M. Zunabovic ◽  
R. Allabashi ◽  
R. Perfler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Biological Nitrification

The implementation and evaluation of biological nitrification as a possible treatment option for the small-scale drinking water supply of a rural Upper Austrian community was investigated. The drinking water supply of this community (average system input volume: 20 m3/d) is based on the use of deep anaerobic groundwater with a high ammonium content of geogenic origin (up to 5 mg/l) which must be treated to prevent the formation of nitrites in the drinking water supply system. This paper describes the implementation and operation of biological nitrification despite several constraints including space availability, location and financial and manpower resources. A pilot drinking water treatment plant, including biological nitrification implemented in sand filters, was designed and constructed for a maximum treatment capacity of 1.2 m3/h. Online monitoring of selected physicochemical parameters has provided continuous treatment performance data. Treatment performance of the plant was evaluated under standard operation as well as in the case of selected malfunction events.

scholarly journals Small-scale drinking water treatment unit of filtration and UV disinfection for remote area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2106-2118
Author(s):  
Kassim Chabi ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Lizheng Guo ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Chengsong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Remote Areas

Abstract People in remote areas are still drinking surface water that may contain certain pollutants including harmful microorganisms and chemical compounds directly without any pretreatment. In this study, we have designed and operated a pilot-scale drinking water treatment unit as part of our aim to find an economic and easily operable technology for providing drinking water to people in those areas. Our small-scale treatment unit contains filtration and disinfection (UV–C irradiation) stages to remove pollutants from source water. The water quality index was determined based on various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and bacteria. Water and media samples after DNA extraction were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq throughput sequencing for the determination of bacterial community composition. After the raw water treatment, the reduction of bacteria concentration ranged from 1 to 2 log10. The average removal of the turbidity, ammonium, nitrite, phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon reached up to 95.33%, 85.71%, 100%, 28.57%, and 45%, respectively. In conclusion, multiple biological stages in our designed unit showed an improvement of the drinking water quality. The designed drinking treatment unit produces potable water meeting standards at a lower cost of operation and it can be used in remote areas.

scholarly journals Brackish water treatment for small community by using membrane technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
V R Auliya ◽  
B D Marsono ◽  
A Yuniarto ◽  
E Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Abstract High salinity water, containing high TDS and chloride, is a common problem in coastal areas of Indonesia. The chloride content in water causes water to taste salty. It occurs in a small community of Tambak Cemandi Village, Sidoarjo. The groundwater has chloride content up to 3,694.3 mg/L, hardness 2,071 mg/L (CaCO3), and total coliform 7,100 MPN/100 mL. Membrane technology has been overgrowing all over the world in the water desalination process. This study aims to examine the basic concepts, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of membrane technology and its application in brackish water treatment for drinking purposes. This research was conducted by literature review, secondary data analysis, and application of case studies. The case study is applied to small scale drinking water treatment (flow rate 0.2 L/second) with brackish raw water from groundwater in Tambak Cemandi Village, where some of the population do not have access to safe drinking water. The study concludes that RO membranes with UF pre-treatment are adequate to treat 98%, 96%, and 100% of chloride content, hardness, and total coliform and fulfilled Indonesia Ministry regulation’s drinking water quality standard. The treatment can serve 202 people with an operational cost of Rp. 1,198/people.day.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a tool investigating arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) sorption by an aluminum-based drinking-water treatment residual

2009 ◽  
Vol 171 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos C. Makris ◽  
Dibyendu Sarkar ◽  
Jason G. Parsons ◽  
Rupali Datta ◽  
Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Water Treatment Residual

scholarly journals Decentralized solar-powered drinking water ozonation in Western Kenya: an evaluation of disinfection efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Colin Hendrickson ◽  
Jared Oremo ◽  
Oscar Oluoch Akello ◽  
Simon Bunde ◽  
Isaac Rayola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solar Powered

 Background: Decentralized drinking water treatment methods generally apply membrane-based treatment approaches. Ozonation of drinking water, which previously has only been possible at large centralized facilities, can now be accomplished on a small-scale using microplasma technology. The efficacy of decentralized solar-powered drinking water treatment systems has not previously been described. Methods: We established a 1,000L decentralized solar-powered water treatment system located in Kisumu County, Kenya. Highly contaminated surface water is pumped to the treatment system, which includes flocculation and filtration steps prior to ozonation. Turbidity, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli were measured at various stages of water treatment, and bacterial log reduction values (LRVs) were calculated. Results: Forty-seven trials were conducted in which1000L of water were flocculated, filtered, and ozonated for 180 minutes. Baseline turbidity and E. coli concentrations were reduced from a median of 238 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 2,419.7 most probable number/100mL, respectively, in surface water to 1.0 NTU and undetectable E. coli after ozonation for 180 minutes. The median E. coli LRV was 3.99. Conclusions: The solar-powered, decentralized water treatment system that utilizes ozonation for disinfection was founded to reduce E. coli by more than 3 log-orders of magnitude despite the high turbidity of the raw water. Further research is needed to characterize limitations, scalability, economic viability, and community perspectives that could help determine the role for similar systems in other settings.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN AIR MINUM BERBASIS MASYARAKAT Studi Kasus Pembangunan Air Minum Di Desa Nelayan II Kabupaten Sungai Liat, Propinsi Bangka-Belitung

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satmoko Yudo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Policy And Strategy

According to the result of the World Bank study, from 121 drinking water management projects in rural area, only 20 (16,6%) are very effective projects. A lot of drinking water management in developing country, including Indonesia is not running well. One of the reasons of this problem is that community did not take part in developing and managing drinking water treatment plant. A right policy and strategy could overcome the problem and give an effective and sustainable of drinking water management.This paper generally explain principles and general policy in developing the drinking water treatment plant and how to apply the strategies, therefore that it is running well and the are will being of the community sustainable.There is also an example, a case study about small-scale drinking water treatment plant in a fisherman village, Sungai Liat, Province Bangka-Belitung where the community took part in every stage of building it. Keywords: Community based of drinking water management, policy of developing the drinking water treatment plant, application of strategies

The effect of surges on the performance of rapid gravity filtration

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. E. Glasgow ◽  
Andrew D. Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Filter Performance

Filters used in drinking water treatment are subject to small continuous flow rate fluctuations or surges. Large changes in rate are known to have a detrimental effect on filtrate quality. Less is known about the effects of surging. Past observations suggest that surging may significantly influence filter performance but the effect has yet to be confirmed under controlled conditions and the mechanisms critically examined. Two rapid filters were developed in the laboratory to investigate the influence of surging on performance. Reproducible performance was established before applying surges to one filter only. Measurements of head loss and turbidity were taken with depth and time. Surges were found to reduce filter performance. The fluctuations in flow were found to slow the rate of ripening of the filter, retard the rate of head loss development and reduce the removal efficiency. The experimental results obtained suggest that surging does have a significant effect on rapid filter performance.

Development of evaluation methods to introduce a nanofiltration membrane process in drinking water treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ohgai ◽  
Y. Oguchi ◽  
K. Ohno ◽  
T. Kamei ◽  
Y. Magara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Membrane Process

The objective of this study was to develop a new prediction method for evaluating performance of full-scale nanofiltration (NF) pilot plant by using small-scale pilot plants. Operating experiments using both multistage array pilot plant and two small-scale pilot plants in parallel had been conducted for about a year. From this experiment, it was revealed that data obtained from small-scale pilot plants could predict the performance of multistage pilot plant from the viewpoint of flux and rejection. In other words, both permeate water quantity of multistage pilot plant without noticeable fouling caused by aluminium from coagulant and permeate water quality of multistage pilot plant could be estimated.

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