Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutrient Removal

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rabinowitz ◽  
T. D. Vassos ◽  
R. N. Dawson ◽  
W. K. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

A brief review of recent developments in biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology is presented. Guidelines are outlined of how current understanding of these two removal mechanisms can be applied in the upgrading of existing wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrient removal. A case history dealing with the upgrading of the conventional activated sludge process located at Penticton, British Columbia, to a biological nutrient removal facility with a design flow of 18,200 m3/day (4.0 IMGD) is presented as a design example. Process components requiring major modification were the headworks, bioreactors and sludge handling facilities.

scholarly journals Benchmarking biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants: influence of mathematical model assumptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1496-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Flores-Alsina ◽  
Krist V. Gernaey ◽  
Ulf Jeppsson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Reference Case

This paper examines the effect of different model assumptions when describing biological nutrient removal (BNR) by the activated sludge models (ASM) 1, 2d & 3. The performance of a nitrogen removal (WWTP1) and a combined nitrogen and phosphorus removal (WWTP2) benchmark wastewater treatment plant was compared for a series of model assumptions. Three different model approaches describing BNR are considered. In the reference case, the original model implementations are used to simulate WWTP1 (ASM1 & 3) and WWTP2 (ASM2d). The second set of models includes a reactive settler, which extends the description of the non-reactive TSS sedimentation and transport in the reference case with the full set of ASM processes. Finally, the third set of models is based on including electron acceptor dependency of biomass decay rates for ASM1 (WWTP1) and ASM2d (WWTP2). The results show that incorporation of a reactive settler: (1) increases the hydrolysis of particulates; (2) increases the overall plant's denitrification efficiency by reducing the SNOx concentration at the bottom of the clarifier; (3) increases the oxidation of COD compounds; (4) increases XOHO and XANO decay; and, finally, (5) increases the growth of XPAO and formation of XPHA,Stor for ASM2d, which has a major impact on the whole P removal system. Introduction of electron acceptor dependent decay leads to a substantial increase of the concentration of XANO, XOHO and XPAO in the bottom of the clarifier. The paper ends with a critical discussion of the influence of the different model assumptions, and emphasizes the need for a model user to understand the significant differences in simulation results that are obtained when applying different combinations of ‘standard’ models.

Experience with nutrient removal in a fixed-film system at full-scale wastewater treatment plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke R. Borregaard
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
On Line

In the upgrade of wastewater treatment plants to include biological nutrient removal the space available is often a limiting facor. It may be difficult to use conventional suspended growth processes (i.e. activated sludge) owing to the relatively large surface area required for these processes. Recent years have therefore seen a revived interest in treatment technologies using various types of attached growth processes. The “new” attached growth processes, like the Biostyr process, utilise various kinds of manufactured media, e.g. polystyrene granules, which offer a high specific surface area, and are therefore very compact. The Biostyr plants allow a combination of nitrification-denitrification and filtration in one and the same unit. The results obtained are 8 mg total N/l and an SS content normally below 10 mg/l. The plants in Denmark which have been extended with a Biostyr unit have various levels of PLC control and on-line instrumentation.

scholarly journals Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2): a general model for wastewater treatment plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barat ◽  
J. Serralta ◽  
M. V. Ruano ◽  
E. Jiménez ◽  
J. Ribes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Removal Model

This paper presents the plant-wide model Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2). Since nitrite was not considered in the BNRM1, and this previous model also failed to accurately simulate the anaerobic digestion because precipitation processes were not considered, an extension of BNRM1 has been developed. This extension comprises all the components and processes required to simulate nitrogen removal via nitrite and the formation of the solids most likely to precipitate in anaerobic digesters. The solids considered in BNRM2 are: struvite, amorphous calcium phosphate, hidroxyapatite, newberite, vivianite, strengite, variscite, and calcium carbonate. With regard to nitrogen removal via nitrite, apart from nitrite oxidizing bacteria two groups of ammonium oxidizing organisms (AOO) have been considered since different sets of kinetic parameters have been reported for the AOO present in activated sludge systems and SHARON (Single reactor system for High activity Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite) reactors. Due to the new processes considered, BNRM2 allows an accurate prediction of wastewater treatment plant performance in wider environmental and operating conditions.

Experiences with computer simulation at two large wastewater treatment plants in northern Poland

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Makinia ◽  
M. Swinarski ◽  
E. Dobiegala
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Total N ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Steady State Simulation

Mathematical modelling and computer simulation have became a useful tool in evaluating the operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in terms of nutrient removal capability. In this study, steady-state simulation results for two large biological nutrient removal WWTPs are presented. The plants are located in two neighbouring cities Gdansk and Gdynia in northern Poland. Simulations were performed using a pre-compiled model and layouts (MUCT and Johannesburg processes) implemented in the GPS-X simulation package. The monthly average values of conventional parameters, such as COD, Total Suspended Solids, total N, N-NH4+, P-PO4− were used as input data. The measured effluent concentrations of COD, N-NH4+, N-NO3− and P-PO4− as well as reactor MLSS were compared with model predictions. During calibration, performed from the process engineering perspective, default values of only five model parameters were changed. The opportunities for further applications of such models in municipal WWTPs are discussed.

scholarly journals Integrated Omic Analyses Provide Evidence that a “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” Strain Performs Denitrification under Microaerobic Conditions

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Y. Camejo ◽  
Ben O. Oyserman ◽  
Katherine D. McMahon ◽  
Daniel R. Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Accumulibacter Phosphatis ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions

“CandidatusAccumulibacter phosphatis” is widely found in full-scale wastewater treatment plants, where it has been identified as the key organism for biological removal of phosphorus. Since aeration can account for 50% of the energy use during wastewater treatment, microaerobic conditions for wastewater treatment have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to conventional biological nutrient removal processes. Our report provides strong genomics-based evidence not only that “Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis” is the main organism contributing to phosphorus removal under microaerobic conditions but also that this organism simultaneously respires nitrate and oxygen in this environment, consequently removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater. Such activity could be harnessed in innovative designs for cost-effective and energy-efficient optimization of wastewater treatment systems.

Difficulties and developments in biological nutrient removal technology and modelling

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Ekama ◽  
Mark C. Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
P Removal

Filamentous bulking and the long sludge age required for nitrification are two important factors that limit the wastewater treatment capacity of biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge systems. A growing body of observations from full-scale plants indicate support for the hypothesis that a significant stimulus for filamentous bulking in BNR systems in alternating anoxic-aerobic conditions with the presence of oxidized nitrogen at the transition from anoxic to aerobic. In the DEPHANOX system, nitrification takes place externally allowing sludge age and filamentous bulking to be reduced and increases treatment capacity. Anoxic P uptake is exploited in this system but it appears that this form of biological excess P removal (BEPR) is significantly reduced compared with aerobic P uptake in conventional BNR systems. Developments in the understanding of the BEPR processes of (i) phosphate accumulating organism (PAO) denitrification and anoxic P uptake, (ii) fermentation of influent readily biodegradable (RB)COD and (iii) anaerobic hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable (SB)COD are evaluated in relation to the IAWQ Activated Sludge Model (ASM) No.2. Recent developments in BEPR research do not yet allow a significant improvement to be made to ASM No. 2 that will increase its predictive power and reliability and therefore it remains essentially as a framework to guide further research.

Biological nutrient removal model No.1 (BNRM1)

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 69-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seco ◽  
J. Ribes ◽  
J. Serralta ◽  
J. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Hindered Settling ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Removal Model

This paper presents the results of the work carried out by the CALAGUA Group on Mathematical Modelling of Biological Treatment Processes: the Biological Nutrient Removal Model No.1. This model is based on a new concept for dynamic simulation of wastewater treatment plants: a unique model can be used to design, simulate and optimize the whole plant, as it includes most of the biological and physico-chemical processes taking place in all treatment operations. The physical processes included are: settling and clarification processes (flocculated settling, hindered settling and thickening), volatile fatty acids elutriation and gasÐliquid transfer. The chemical interactions included comprise acidÐbase processes, where equilibrium conditions are assumed. The biological processes included are: organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus removal; acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Environmental conditions in each operation unit (aerobic, anoxic or anaerobic) will determine which bacterial groups can grow. Thus, only the model parameters related to bacterial groups able to grow in any of the operation units of a specific WWTP will require calibration. One of the most important advantages of this model is that no additional analysis with respect to ASM2d is required for wastewater characterization. Some applications of this model have also been briefly explained in this paper.

Retrofitting conventional primary clarifiers to activated primary clarifiers to enhance nutrient removal and energy conservation in WWTPs in Beijing, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-wei Wang ◽  
Tian-zhu Zhang ◽  
Ji-ning Chen ◽  
Zhi-rong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Test System ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Primary Sludge

Biological nutrient removal requires sufficient carbon source. Meanwhile, the removal of organic matter in wastewater requires energy consumption in the aeration tank. Carbon source for nutrient removal in most wastewater treatment plants with conventional primary clarifier (CPC) is generally insufficient in China. In order to increase carbon source and to save energy, a part of the CPC may be retrofitted as an activated primary clarifier (APC). In this paper, a pilot scale experiment was conducted to examine the performance of primary sludge fermentation and its effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Results show that the primary sludge fermentation in APC has produced a similar VFA/TP ratio but a higher BOD5/TN ratio compared with those in the CPC effluent, and the TN concentrations in the secondary effluent are at 8.0, 10.8, and 17.4 mg/L, while TP is at 0.45, 1.10, and 2.28 mg/L when the pilot test system was fed with (1) the APC effluent, (2) 50% from the APC effluent and 50% from the CPC effluent, and (3) the CPC effluent, respectively. Results also indicate that the BOD5/TN ratio is a more sensitive factor than the VFA/TP ratio for nutrient removal and energy conservation for the APC fermentation.

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