Environmental Consequences of the Gulf War in Kuwait: Impact on Water Resources

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Literathy
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Airborne Particulates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Related Compounds

As a result of the Iraqi occupation and the armed conflict in Kuwait 6 to 8 million barrels of crude oil were spilled into the marine environment, and about 2 to 3 million barrels of crude oil, burnt and unburnt, were being emitted daily during about 300 days into the environment from the burning or gushing oil wells. International efforts of UN agencies and other organizations from, the region and outside started immediately to assess the extent of the environmental pollution and to mitigate the adverse effects. In addition to the public health concerns of the air pollution caused by the burning wells, long-term environmental risk should be considered as a result of the oil spill into the marine and coastal environment, and the atmospheric fall-out, e.g., acid rain and petroleum related compounds associated with airborne particulates, in the marine and terrestrial areas. Particularly serious contamination of the desert ecosystem occurred around the damaged oilfields in Kuwait. The deposited crude oil and airborne particulates in the terrestrial areas may also affect the ground-water aquifer. Air quality, marine and desert soil pollution surveys provided data for a preliminary assessment and helped the formulation of mitigation and rehabilitation programmes, however, implementation of an integrated survey programme will ensure the final impact assessment on the environment, particularly on the marine and subsurface water resources.

Neoliberalismen som dominerende makroøkonomisk diskurs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
Rational Expectation ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology ◽  
Structural Budget

This paper demonstrates that mainstream General Equilibrium Models (GEM) are dominated by neoliberal ideology. These mathematical models are pre-designed to always converging full-employment equilibrium and private-sector equilibrium. The behavioural equations are derived from the assumption of individual utility and profit maximization and the rational expectation (full foresight) hypothesis. Accordingly, policy recommendations consistent with GEM are neoliberal as they advocate (1) avoiding demand management; (2) balancing the public sector’s (structural) budget; and (3) leaving monetary policy to an independent central bank with responsibility for price stability; while (4) distributional and environmental consequences for production are considered irrelevant. This is illustrated by examples from the Danish macroeconomic environment where GEM (ADAM and DREAM) employed by the Treasury and the Council of Economic Advisors are dominant when it comes to medium and long-term policy recommendations. Finally, the article challenges this logic and objective foundation of mainstream macroeconomics.

Managing Water Resources

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-153
Author(s):  
David Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Hydraulic Infrastructure ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
Hetch Hetchy

This chapter examines California's water management projects, which represent an important exception to its leadership in the area of environmental protection. California's approach to water management is distinctive from its other environmental policies in three important respects. First, the threats to the state's aquatic environment came from government, not business. Second, with the notable exception of the battle over the damming and flooding of Hetch Hetchy around the turn of the century, until recently neither conservationists nor environmentalists challenged California's wide-ranging water management initiatives, despite the fact that many had deleterious environmental consequences. Third, historically, business interests were not divided with regard to what to do (or not do) with California's water. Both agricultural and urban commercial interests were united in their strong support for the continued expansion of the state's hydraulic infrastructure. Thus, in this case, the public and business were on the same side. As was the case with the protection of forests and scenic areas, the federal government has also played an important role in shaping California's approach to water management. The federal government's initial legal backing of and subsequent financial support for the state's water management system has been critical in promoting the exploitation of not only the state's but the region's water resources.

Determinants of Inflation in Vietnam: A VECM Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 26-50
Author(s):  
Ngoc Tran Thi Bich ◽  
Huong Pham Hoang Cam
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to examine the main determinants of inflation in Vietnam during the period from 2002Q1 to 2013Q2. The cointegration theory and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach are used to examine the impact of domestic credit, interest rate, budget deficit, and crude oil prices on inflation in both long and short terms. The results show that while there are long-term relations among inflation and the others, such factors as oil prices, domestic credit, and interest rate, in the short run, have no impact on fluctuations of inflation. Particularly, the budget deficit itself actually has a short-run impact, but its level is fundamentally weak. The cause of the current inflation is mainly due to public's expectations of the inflation in the last period. Although the error correction, from the long-run relationship, has affected inflation in the short run, the coefficient is small and insignificant. In other words, it means that the speed of the adjustment is very low or near zero. This also implies that once the relationship among inflation, domestic credit, interest rate, budget deficit, and crude oil prices deviate from the long-term trend, it will take the economy a lot of time to return to the equilibrium state.

Evaluating the Financial Performance Through ‘Consumer Centric Decision’ Approach in Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh: a Business Planning Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Mahmud Uz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Choice ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Business Analysis

Pharmaceuticals agglomerations consistently use their brand image and versatile product portfolios to consolidate their position in the financial sector, which is evident in their continuous profit making and expansion in market share. This paper explores the short-term and long-term investment attractiveness through ‘consumer centric decision’ approach in two selected pharmaceutical companies, Renata Limited and Orion Pharma Limited, of Bangladesh over the last three years’ period. This research adopts a systematic approach which primarily addresses the various concerns of investors to illustrate the decision-making process of the existing and future investors. Using primarily domestic transaction data, this study explores how the leading pharmaceuticals companies of Bangladesh effectively use the wide array of drug portfolios mix with appropriate branding techniques to increase their financial profit and market share simultaneously. Both SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces Model explore the business analysis of Renata Limited in compare to Orion Pharma Limited that provides a conclusion regarding investors’ decision to invest in Renata Limited. Considering the financial analysis, Renata’s financial liquidity is not very satisfactory and could have been improved further if management is prudent on financial strategy settings. Findings of the business analysis indicate that Renata Limited would be a good investment choice for existing and prospective shareholders based on its opportunities for long term and short term growth and further expansion in developing the market. The results suggest that even lower liquidity coupled with higher interest borrowings can be balanced by posing positive picture to the public shareholders by returning the positive dividend to them.

Mapeamento do Descarte de Medicamentos em um Município do Sul de Minas Gerais/ Mapping and Disposal of Medicines at a Municipality in Southern Minas Gerais

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina Braz Dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Magno Batista Machado ◽  
Fábio Vieira Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unused Medications ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
City State ◽  
Soil Water Resources ◽  
Proper Disposal

Objetivo: O trabalho teve por objetivo mapear, quantificar e verificar a destinação dos medicamentos vencidos e em desuso, e contribuir com uma discussão sobre os problemas gerados com a destinação imprópria desses medicamentos e os impactos causados ao meio ambiente na cidade de Itajubá/MG. Materiais e Métodos: A pesquisa utilizou o método quantitativo de corte transversal, sendo realizada no período de maio a agosto de 2014. Participaram da pesquisa um total de trinta farmácias da cidade de Itajubá. As entrevistas foram realizadas com os responsáveis técnicos das farmácias (farmacêuticos), de forma individual, procurando identificar a forma de manejo e descarte dos fármacos. Do mesmo modo, procurou-se evidenciar como os colaboradores se comportam em relação a importância ecológica do descarte correto e como veem a importância de conscientizar a população. Resultados e Discussão: O consumo de medicamentos vem aumentando expressivamente nas últimas décadas, devido ao estímulo publicitário e à automedicação. Com isso, cada vez mais medicamentos são produzidos e descartados de forma inadequada, o que põe em risco o solo, os recursos hídricos e principalmente, a saúde humana. Por meio dos resultados obtidos pode-se perceber que poucos indivíduos possuem a conscientização do descarte correto dos medicamentos. Conclusão: A falta de colaboração por parte do poder público local em instruir a comunidade pode ser um dos motivos onde ainda existem muitas pessoas desinformadas. Apesar das farmácias estarem implementando um programa de destinação, poucas entendem ou sabem a destinação correta dos resíduos de medicamentos. Palavra-chave: Saúde. Medicamento. Destinação. ABSTRACTObjective: The study aimed to map, quantify and verify the allocation of accrued and unused medications, and contribute to a discussion of the problems created by improper disposal of these medications and the impacts to the environment in the Itajubá city state/MG. Materials and Methods: The research used a cross quantitative sectional study and was conducted in the period May to August 2014.  A total of 30 pharmacies from Itajubá participated. Interviews were conducted with the technical managers of the establishments surveyed, individually, seeking to identify the form of handling and disposal of medications. Similarly, sought to highlight how employees behave towards the ecological importance of proper disposal and how they see the importance to educate the public. Results and Discussion: The consumption of drugs has been increasing significantly in recent decades due to the advertising stimulus and self-medication. With this, more and more medications are produced and discarded improperly, putting the soil, water resources and especially human health at risk. Through the results obtained can be seen that few individuals possess the awareness of proper disposal of medications. Conclusion: The lack of cooperation from the local government to instruct the community can be one of the reasons where there are still many uninformed people. Although pharmacies are implementing a program allocation, few understand or know the proper disposal of waste medicines. Keywords: Health. Medicine. Destination

Approaches to Supporting Local and Community Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesel Mack Filgueiras ◽  
Andreia Rabetim ◽  
Isabel Aché Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social

Reflection about the role of community engagement and corporate social investment in Brazil, associated with the presence of a large economic enterprise, is the major stimulus of this chapter. It seeks to present how cross-sector governance can contribute to the social development of a city and how this process can be led by a partnership comprising a corporate foundation, government, and civil society. The concept of the public–private social partnership (PPSP) is explored: a strategy for building a series of inter-sectoral alliances aimed at promoting the sustainable development of territories where the company has large-scale enterprises, through joint efforts towards integrated long-term strategic planning, around a common agenda. To this end, the case of Canaã dos Carajás is introduced, a municipality in the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, where large-scale mining investment is being carried out by the mining company Vale SA.

scholarly journals Application of the watershed sustainability index in the Piranhas-Açu watershed

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-640
Author(s):  
D. D. Costa e Silva ◽  
H. M. L. Chaves ◽  
W. F. Curi ◽  
J. G. V. Baracuhy ◽  
T. P. S. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Abstract The current worldwide water resources issue is one of the crucial matters to overcome obstacles to sustainable development. This problem, formerly tackled in a sectored manner, is now pointing towards an analysis directed to treating the watershed as a management unit, with regards to all dimensions of knowledge and, especially, to the public participation in the decision-making processes. As an alternative to measure its performance, it has been sought out to develop indexes aimed to measure its sustainability, but there is still a lack of the use of composed efficient methodologies that also enable public participation in decision-making. This research presents a methodology comprising 15 indexes for the calculation of the Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI), followed by the application of the PROMETHEE multi-criteria analysis method and the COPELAND multi-decision-maker method. The methodology was applied to evaluate the performance of subwatersheds of the Piranhas-Açu watershed, located in the Brazilian northeast semi-arid region. The performance ordering, obtained through the application of the methods, emphasizes that subwatersheds' performances are uneven. It can be noticed that the subwatersheds' performances are still far from ideal in relation to water resources management, even in the ones that displayed satisfactory index levels.

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