Design of Pre-Acidification Reactors for the Anaerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Alexiou ◽  
G. K. Anderson ◽  
L. M. Evison
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pre Treatment

Two-phase anaerobic digestion has often been considered beneficial for the treatment of high strength industrial wastewaters, especially when the first phase is used as a pre-treatment system known as pre-acidification. Several applications in the field of industrial wastewater treatment have been reviewed in order to evaluate the advantages of the pre-acidification process and its effects on the methanogenic reactor. Although pre-acidification has obvious advantages, complete acidification may be detrimental to the efficiency of the overall process. The use of balancing tanks at full-scale has been common practice for the pre-acidification of a wide range of wastewaters yet no accepted design criteria for acidogenic reactors have been formulated and two-phase applications are generally based upon previous experience. The paper summarizes the results of a two year investigation into pre-acidification at both bench- and pilot-scale, presents the results of instant coffee production wastewaters and discusses a wide range of parameters which have been evaluated. Operating criteria will be discussed and guidelines for the design of pre-acidification reactors will be presented. Finally alternatives to using the total VFA (volatile fatty acids) concentrations for expressing the efficiency of acidogenesis will be introduced.

Operational Behaviour of an Industrial Fixed Bed Reactor for Biomethanation of Alcohol Slops from Different Crops

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Weiland ◽  
H. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Industrial Unit ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than

Distillery slops from a multicrop ethanol plant are difficult to treat anaerobically, because the composition and load changes throughout the year due to processing of different sugar-and starch-containing crops. For achieving high COD removal efficiencies and good process stabilities at medium strength loading rates, a two-phase anaerobic treatment process with a fixed-bed reactor for biomethanation was developed and tested in pilot-scale. On the basis of these experiments a full-scale unit with 1,800 m3 reactor volume was erected, which has been in operation for more than one year. The fixed-bed reactor is operated with COD loads up to 10 kg COD/m3d at hydraulic retention times of about 5 days. A variety of highly concentrated slops can be treated successfully with COD removals from 85 % to over 90 %. The fixed-bed reactor withstood sudden changes in wastewater strength and composition and is able to handle hydraulic overloads. Operational data from the industrial unit show that the performance and reliability of the fixed-bed reactor is much better than a conventional contact system, which was operated in a parallel run in the same scale. The results show, that the application of fixed-bed reactors can be recommended for a wide variety of high-strength wastewaters with low suspended solids contents.

Design and Performance of Pulsed Anaerobic Digesters

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Stadlbauer ◽  
R. Achenbach ◽  
D. Döll ◽  
B. Jehle ◽  
B. Küfner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Enhance Mass

The development of a Pulse-Driven Loop Reactor (PDLR), a Pulsed Anaerobic Filter (PAF) and a Pulsed Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (PABR) is described. In a PDLR internal circulation is achieved by a specially designed pulse-nozzle together with a concentric draft tube. In a PAF and PABR an oscillation is superimposed onto the biosuspension by means of a pulsator unit. Pulsed digesters enhance mass transfer processes. Consequently they facilitate degassing and prevent a build-up of acid spots in sludge beds. Laboratory- and pilot-scale evaluation using highly polluted distillery slops (pear, cherry, raspberry) as industrial wastewater show a COD removal efficiency of 70 -80 % at loading rates of 10 - 5 kg/m3*d. Contamination, both by sulfate (2 g/L) and copper (0.2 g/L), has a most adverse effect on anaerobic treatment of cherry-mashes, giving rise to a build-up of volatile fatty acids. Consequences for distillery plant operation are discussed.

Anaerobic digestion for sustainable development: a natural approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pre Treatment

After the discovery of methane gas by Alessandro Volta in 1776, it took about 100 years before anaerobic processes for the treatment of wastewater and sludges were introduced. The development of high rate anaerobic digesters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastewater took until the nineteen-seventies and for solid waste even till the nineteen-eighties. All digesters have in common that they apply natural anaerobic consortia of microorganisms for degradation and transformation processes. In view of this, it could be rewarding to evaluate the efficiency of natural ecosystems for their possible application. Examples of high rate anaerobic natural systems include the forestomach of ruminants and the hindgut of certain insects, such as termites and cockroaches. These “natural reactors” exhibit volumetric methane production rates as high as 35 l/l.d. The development of anaerobic reactors based on such natural anaerobic systems could produce eco-technologies for the effective management of a wide variety of solid wastes and industrial wastewater. Important limitations of anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage relate to the absence of nutrient and pathogen removal. A combination of anaerobic pre-treatment followed by photosynthetic post-treatment is proposed for the effective recovery of energy and nutrients from sewage. This eco-technology approach is based on the recognition that the main nutrient assimilating capacity is housed in photosynthetic plants. The proposed anaerobic-photosynthetic process is energy efficient, cost effective and applicable under a wide variety of rural and urban conditions. In conclusion: a natural systems approach towards waste management could generate affordable eco-technologies for effective treatment and resource recovery.

Effect of 200 days' sludge retention time on performance of a pilot scale submerged membrane bioreactor for high strength industrial wastewater treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T. Hay ◽  
D.D. Sun ◽  
S.L. Khor ◽  
J.O. Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Sludge Retention Time ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Sludge Concentration

A high strength industrial wastewater was treated using a pilot scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 200 d. The MBR was operated at a high sludge concentration of 20 g/L and a low F/M ratio of 0.11 during 300 d of operation. It was found that the MBR could achieve COD and TOC overall removal efficiencies at more than 99 and 98% TN removal. The turbidity of the permeate was consistently in the range of 0.123 to 0.136 NTU and colour254 absorbance readings varied from 0.0912 to 0.0962 a.u. cm−1. The sludge concentration was inversely proportional to the hydraulic retention time (HRT), yielded excellent organic removal and extremely low sludge production (0.0016 kgVSS/day).

scholarly journals Methanogenic Microorganisms in Industrial Wastewater Anaerobic Treatment

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Monika Vítězová ◽  
Anna Kohoutová ◽  
Tomáš Vítěz ◽  
Nikola Hanišáková ◽  
Ivan Kushkevych
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Anaerobic Environment

Over the past decades, anaerobic biotechnology is commonly used for treating high-strength wastewaters from different industries. This biotechnology depends on interactions and co-operation between microorganisms in the anaerobic environment where many pollutants’ transformation to energy-rich biogas occurs. Properties of wastewater vary across industries and significantly affect microbiome composition in the anaerobic reactor. Methanogenic archaea play a crucial role during anaerobic wastewater treatment. The most abundant acetoclastic methanogens in the anaerobic reactors for industrial wastewater treatment are Methanosarcina sp. and Methanotrix sp. Hydrogenotrophic representatives of methanogens presented in the anaerobic reactors are characterized by a wide species diversity. Methanoculleus sp., Methanobacterium sp. and Methanospirillum sp. prevailed in this group. This work summarizes the relation of industrial wastewater composition and methanogen microbial communities present in different reactors treating these wastewaters.

Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewater

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Aerobic Process

The paper evaluates the question of whether a combined anaerobic-aerobic or a solely aerobic treatment of some particular industrial wastewaters leads to better results. Therefore three different industrial wastewaters were treated in two different process lines: one line consisted of anaerobic treatment prior to aerobic treatment and in the other, only aerobic treatment was applied. The experiments were run with wastewater from:–the pectin industry–the sugar industry (beet sugar)–the animal pulp industry. The data presented in this paper were gained from experimental work which was conducted over a period of two years. Different scales of treatment plants were used. The anaerobic treatment was done in full- and semitechnical scale reactors, while the aerobic treatment took place in labscale and semitechnical scale plants. Surprisingly in all three cases the solely aerobic treatment led to slightly better results in terms of residual pollution. Finally the paper presents data gained from a recently built, full-scale anaerobic-aerobic process which treats pectin waste. The aerobic stage of the process was designed on the basis of the results from the experimental work which was mentioned above. The results from the former experimental work and from the full-scale operation are compared.

scholarly journals Circular Economy in the Manufacture of Bioplastics: From Sewage Sludge to Plastic Bottle

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
N. Anes García ◽  
F. Blanco Álvarez ◽  
A. L. Marqués Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Potential Evaluation ◽  
The One

The main objective of this study is the potential evaluation of obtaining bioplastics through biodegradable polyesters synthesized by bacteria, present in the anaerobic treatment of urban and industrial wastewater, which have a series of characteristics to consider as their processing as material bioplastic In Asturias, more than 70,000 tons of sludge are produced and, by applying circular economy criteria and technologies for the production of bioplastics from wastewater, a synergy could be obtained that would allow the reuse of sludge by valorization as raw material. to produce bioplastics. This valorization can be carried out mainly through the combination of two technologies, on the one hand, anaerobic fermentation to produce volatile fatty acids and on the other the generation of bacterial populations that produce Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA’s). The PHAs are obtained from the microorganisms present in the sludge generated in the wastewater treatment process.

scholarly journals Role of syntrophic microbial communities in high-rate methanogenic bioreactors

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
Diana Z. Sousa ◽  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Caroline M. Plugge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Anaerobic purification is a cost-effective way to treat high strength industrial wastewater. Through anaerobic treatment of wastewaters energy is conserved as methane, and less sludge is produced. For high-rate methanogenesis compact syntrophic communities of fatty acid-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea are essential. Here, we describe the microbiology of syntrophic communities in methanogenic reactor sludges and provide information on which microbiological factors are essential to obtain high volumetric methane production rates. Fatty-acid degrading bacteria have been isolated from bioreactor sludges, but also from other sources such as freshwater sediments. Despite the important role that fatty acid-degrading bacteria play in high-rate methanogenic bioreactors, their relative numbers are generally low. This finding indicates that the microbial community composition can be further optimized to achieve even higher rates.

The Modeling of Flow Concentration in Two-Phase Materials

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Cook ◽  
C. A. Rau ◽  
E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Micromechanical Modeling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Research

Many high strength alloys that are developed for arduous operating conditions have essentially a two-phase microstructure that is produced by a precipitation-hardening procedure. However, alloys that are heat-treated to have maximum hardness, often have poor monotonic and poor fatigue fracture characteristics when these are assessed in relation to their high yield strengths, and this imposes limits to their use for service applications. Experimental investigations covering a wide range of precipitation-hardened alloys have shown that the inferior fracture properties are due to plastic deformation being concentrated within narrow zones. Against this background, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft is undertaking a comprehensive theoretical investigation based on the representation of flow concentration by appropriate theoretical models. The general objective is to provide a quantitative understanding of flow concentration, both with respect to its causes and consequences, in terms of both material and externally imposed parameters such as, for example, the state of loading. The aim of the present paper is not to survey the complete problem of flow concentration in the light of the research undertaken to date, but to provide a limited number of examples that illustrate how specific aspects of the problem have been considered using appropriate models to describe the operative physical processes. With the Conference’s objectives in mind, the paper’s general intention is therefore to provide further evidence that micromechanical modeling can be successfully used to relate mechanical behavior with metallurgical parameters, and thereby add further support for the view that such work forms an integral part of any balanced materials research and development program.

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