Comparison among the most frequently used systems for wastewater treatment in developing countries

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Usable Information ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

The paper presents a series of tables, figures and charts which can be used for the preliminary selection of wastewater treatment systems, specially in developing countries. The systems analysed are: stabilization ponds, activated sludge, trickling filters, anaerobic systems and land disposal. Within each system, the main process variants are covered. A main summary table for quantitative analysis is presented, including easily usable information based on per capita values (US$/cap, W/cap, m2 area/cap, m3 sludge/cap). Other tables for qualitative comparison among systems are also included, one based on a one-to-five-star scoring and the other on a balance between advantages and disadvantages of the main treatment processes. The sludge treatment and disposal is also covered, including a comparative analysis based on a scoring system.

Elements for setting up discharge standards in developing countries based on actual wastewater treatment plant performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2001-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia C. Oliveira ◽  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The paper analyses the capability of 166 full-scale wastewater treatment plants operating in Brazil, in order to achieve different quality targets for wastewater discharge. These targets cover a wide range of possible situations, reflecting usual practices adopted worldwide. Six different treatment processes have been investigated: septic tank + anaerobic filter, facultative pond, anaerobic pond + facultative pond, activated sludge, UASB reactors alone, UASB reactors followed by post-treatment. The parameters investigated were: BOD, COD, suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and thermotolerant coliforms. Most technologies showed a poor performance, and some of them were not capable to achieve even relaxed standards. The paper presents elements for setting up discharge standards in developing countries, based either on values that may be achieved by treatment processes commonly applied or on best available technologies.

Treatment of mountain refuge wastewater by fixed and moving bed biofilm systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andreottola ◽  
E. Damiani ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
P. Nardelli ◽  
M. Ragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Start Up

Tourists visiting mountain refuges in the Alps have increased significantly in the last decade and the number of refuges and huts at high altitude too. In this research the results of an intensive monitoring of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for a tourist mountain refuge located at 2,981 m a.s.l. are described. Two biofilm reactors were adopted: (a) a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR); (b) a submerged Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor (FBBR). The aims of this research were: (i) the evaluation of the main parameters characterising the processes and involved in the design of the wastewater plants, in order to compare advantages and disadvantages of the two tested alternatives; (ii) the acquisition of an adequate knowledge of the problems connected with the wastewater treatment in alpine refuges. The main results have been: (i) a quick start-up of the biological reactors obtainable thanks to a pre-colonization before the transportation of the plastic carriers to the refuge at the beginning of the tourist season; (ii) low volume and area requirement; (iii) significantly higher removal efficiency compared to other fixed biomass systems, such as trickling filters, but the energy consumption is higher.

Digestion and Disposal of Primary and Secondary Sludge

2019 ◽  
pp. 255-292
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Sewage sludge is the solid, semisolid, or slurry residual material that is produced as a byproduct of wastewater treatment processes. This residue is commonly classified as primary and secondary sludge. Primary sludge is generated from chemical precipitation, sedimentation, and other primary processes, whereas secondary sludge is the activated waste biomass resulting from biological treatments. Quite often the sludges are combined together for further treatment and disposal. Sludge from biological treatment operations is sometimes referred to as wastewater biosolids. Of the constituents removed by the treatment, solids and biosolids are by far the largest in volume, and their processing, reuse, and disposal present perhaps the most challenging environmental problem and complex problem in wastewater treatment processes. Therefore, the chapter is devoted to the discussion of the sources, characteristics, quantities, disposal, digestion, and stabilization of sludge so as to present background data and information on these topics that will serve as a basis for the designing of sludge processing, treatment, and disposal facilities.

Elimination of micropollutants and hazardous substances at the source in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Blöcher
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

Industrial wastewater, especially from chemical and pharmaceutical production, often contains substances that need to be eliminated before being discharged into a biological treatment plant and following water bodies. This can be done within the production itself, in selected waste water streams or in a central treatment plant. Each of these approaches has certain advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, a variety of wastewater treatment processes exist that can be applied at each stage, making it a challenging task to choose the best one in economic and ecological terms. In this work a general approach for that and examples from practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Membrane Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elorm Obotey Ezugbe ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Membrane Technologies ◽  
Over Exploitation

In the face of water shortages, the world seeks to explore all available options in reducing the over exploitation of limited freshwater resources. One of the surest available water resources is wastewater. As the population grows, industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities increase accordingly in order to cater for the voluminous needs of man. These activities produce large volumes of wastewater from which water can be reclaimed to serve many purposes. Over the years, conventional wastewater treatment processes have succeeded to some extent in treating effluents for discharge purposes. However, improvements in wastewater treatment processes are necessary in order to make treated wastewater re-usable for industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes. Membrane technology has emerged as a favorite choice for reclaiming water from different wastewater streams for re-use. This review looks at the trending membrane technologies in wastewater treatment, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses membrane fouling, membrane cleaning, and membrane modules. Finally, recommendations for future research pertaining to the application of membrane technology in wastewater treatment are made.

STUDIES REGARDING THE PERFORMANCES OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Chirila ◽  
Ionela Carazeanu Popovici ◽  
Techin Ibadula ◽  
Alice Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes

Изучение отклика дегидрогеназной активности ила на изменение технологических параметров работы аэротенка

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zaletova ◽  
S. Zaletov
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Complicated Mechanism

Биологический метод очистки сточных вод представляет собой сложный многокомпонентный процесс, ключевой составляющей которого является работа ферментной системы. Известно, что одним из важнейших ферментов, обеспечивающих биологический процесс, являются дегидрогеназы. Полностью сложнейший механизм действия ферментов до конца пока не раскрыт, однако в практике контроля процессов биологической очистки используется показатель дегидрогеназной активности ила. Результаты исследований позволили дополнить имеющуюся информацию фактическими данными о взаимообусловленности уровня дегидрогеназной активности ила и показателей отдельных технологических параметров биологической очистки. Показано, что режим работы аэротенков (нагрузка на ил, доза активного ила и др.) и величина показателей исходной дегидрогеназной активности и дегидрогеназной активности этого же образца ила со слабо концентрированным раствором (ДАИН2О) связаны между собой и зависят от нагрузки на ил по органическим веществам. Полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы для контроля биологического процесса очистки сточных вод.The biological method of wastewater treatment is a comprehensive multicomponent process the activities of the enzyme system being the key component of it. It is known that dehydrogenases have been one of the most important enzymes the ensure the biological process. The complicated mechanism of the action of enzymes has not been fully described so far however, in the practice of monitoring biological treatment processes, an indicator of the dehydrogenase activity of sludge is used. The research results provided for supplementing the available information with actual data on the interdependence of the level of dehydrogenase activity of sludge and indicators of individual process parameters of biological treatment. It was shown that the mode of operation of aeration tanks (organic matter load on sludge, dose of activated sludge, etc.) and the values of the initial dehydrogenase activity and dehydrogenase activity of the same sludge sample with weakly concentrated solution (DASН2О) are interconnected and depend on the organic load on sludge. The results of the study can be used to control the biological process of wastewater treatment.The biological method of wastewater treatment is a comprehensive multicomponent process the activities of the enzyme system being the key component of it. It is known that dehydrogenases have been one of the most important enzymes the ensure the biological process. The complicated mechanism of the action of enzymes has not been fully described so far however, in the practice of monitoring biological treatment processes, an indicator of the dehydrogenase activity of sludge is used. The research results provided for supplementing the available information with actual data on the interdependence of the level of dehydrogenase activity of sludge and indicators of individual process parameters of biological treatment. It was shown that the mode of operation of aeration tanks (organic matter load on sludge, dose of activated sludge, etc.) and the values of the initial dehydrogenase activity and dehydrogenase activity of the same sludge sample with weakly concentrated solution (DASН2О) are interconnected and depend on the organic load on sludge. The results of the study can be used to control the biological process of wastewater treatment.

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