Characterization of textile wastewater and other industrial wastewaters by respirometric and titration biosensors

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rozzi ◽  
E. Ficara ◽  
C. M. Cellamare ◽  
G. Bortone
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Autotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Many industrial effluents, such as textile and tannery wastewater, contain slowly biodegradable, refractory or even toxic compounds at variable concentrations which may interfere with the efficient operation of biological wastewater treatment plants, in particular with the nitrification stage. Agro-industrial effluents may occasionally contain sanitising agents which are by definition biocides. Two different biosensors, based on respirometry (oxygen uptake rate, OUR measurements) and on basic titration respectively, were used to measure degradation rates of industrial wastewater samples by autotrophic bacteria (ammonia oxidizers). Specific sanitisers such as sodium hypochlorite and benzalconium chloride were used to evaluate and compare the nitrifying activity measured by the two different instruments.

scholarly journals Identification and Ecophysiological Characterization of Epiphytic Protein-Hydrolyzing Saprospiraceae (“Candidatus Epiflobacter” spp.) in Activated Sludge

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2229-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xia ◽  
Yunhong Kong ◽  
Trine Rolighed Thomsen ◽  
Per Halkjær Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

ABSTRACT The identity and ecophysiology of a group of uncultured protein-hydrolyzing epiphytic rods attached to filamentous bacteria in activated sludge from nutrient removal plants were investigated by using the full-cycle rRNA approach combined with microautoradiography and histochemical staining. The epiphytic group consists of three closely related clusters, each containing 11 to 16 clones. The closest related cultured isolate is the type strain Haliscomenobacter hydrossis (ATCC 27775) (<87% similarity) in the family Saprospiraceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Oligonucleotide probes at different hierarchical levels were designed for each cluster and used for ecophysiological studies. All three clusters behaved similarly in their physiology and were specialized in protein hydrolysis and used amino acids as energy and carbon sources. They were not involved in denitrification. No storage of polyphosphate and polyhydroxyalkanoates was found. They all colonized probe-defined filamentous bacteria belonging to the phyla Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and candidate phylum TM7, with the exception of cluster 1, which did not colonize TM7 filaments. The three epiphytic clusters were all widespread in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants with or without biological phosphorus removal, constituting, in total, up to 9% of the bacterial biovolume. A new genus, “Candidatus Epiflobacter,” is proposed for this epiphytic group in activated-sludge treatment plants, where it presumably plays an important role in protein degradation.

scholarly journals Impact of various surfactant classes on the microorganism community used for WWTP biodegradation treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Daniel Mitru ◽  
◽  
Irina Lucaciu ◽  
Mihai Nita-Lazar ◽  
Cristina Ileana Covaliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence ◽  
Microorganism Community

Environmental pollution is an important issue influencing human health and environmental equilibrium. The range of pollutants is very wide due to industrialization and population growth and the surfactants are one of the most common organic pollutants due to their extensive use and ubiquitous presence from industry to households. Their massive presence in the domestic and industrial wastewater could affect the Wastewater treatment plants by inhibiting the activated sludge used in pollutants biodegradation treatment step. This paper aimed to study the inhibition effect of three classes of surfactants (nonionic, anionic, and cationic) by measuring the respiratory activity of microorganisms with the application of the Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) test. This study established that the surfactants could activate or inhibit microorganisms’ activity, depending on surfactant concentration.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Industrial Wastewater in Three Metropolitan Cities in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
H Muktadir ◽  
MAH Chowdhury ◽  
MA Baten
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to assess the quality of different industrial wastewater. Some physicochemical parameters viz., pH, EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43- including heavy metal contents like Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn and Cu concentration from collected wastewater samples were analyzed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the heavy metals in the wastewater samples. The results revealed that, the values of pH, EC, TDS ranged between 6.44-9.0, 471-4307 ?S cm-1, 1952-5209 mg L-1, respectively. The higher mean concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, CO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43- were 1407.8, 27.9, 69.9, 76.6, 2.7, 11.7, 1688, 76.6, 6.1 mg L-1, respectively. The mean concentration of Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cu was 0.17, 0.87, 85.73, 0.80, and 1.56 mg L-1, respectively. Among trace elements Ni and Cd, Zn and Cd, Zn and Cr showed a positive relationship. To avoid the harmful effects of wastewater on environment it is imperative to treat industrial effluents before discharge into open environment.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 21-25 2016

scholarly journals Characterization of Shiga Toxin Gene (stx)-Positive and Intimin Gene (eae)-Positive Escherichia coli Isolates from Wastewater of Slaughterhouses in France

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3245-3251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Loukiadis ◽  
Monique K�rour�dan ◽  
Lothar Beutin ◽  
Eric Oswald ◽  
Hubert Brug�re
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Colony Counting ◽  
Wastewater Samples

ABSTRACT Wastewater samples from 12 slaughterhouses located in different regions in France were tested for the presence of stx-positive and eae-positive Escherichia coli isolates, and characteristics of the isolates obtained were determined. A total of 224 wastewater samples were collected in wastewater treatment plants at different stages of wastewater processing. Altogether, 5,001 E. coli isolates were obtained by colony counting and screened for the presence of stx and eae genes by multiplex PCR. stx-positive and eae-positive E. coli isolates were detected in 25% of the samples collected; they were found in 13% and 3% of the samples obtained from treated effluent and sludge, respectively, suggesting that they could be spread into the environment. Screening of the samples collected by immunomagnetic separation allowed us to isolate 31 additional E. coli serogroup O157 isolates. Four of these isolates harbored stx and eae genes. All stx-positive and eae-positive E. coli isolates were analyzed for eae and stx genetic variants, as well as for additional virulence factors and serotypes. Our results suggest that the majority of the stx- and eae-positive E. coli isolates from wastewater have low virulence for humans. However, the diversity of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli-associated virulence factors in the strains indicates that the environment may play an important role in the emergence of new pathogenic enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains.

scholarly journals Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Barisci ◽  
Rominder Suri
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Abstract The presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused serious problems for drinking water supplies especially at intake locations close to PFAS manufacturing facilities, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and sites where PFAS containing firefighting foam was regularly used. Although monitoring is increasing, knowledge on PFAS occurrences particularly in municipal and industrial effluents is still relatively low. Even though the production of C8-based PFAS has been phased out, they are still being detected at many WWTPs. Emerging PFAS such as GenX and F-53B are also beginning to be reported in aquatic environments. This paper presents a broad review and discussion on the occurrence of PFAS in municipal and industrial wastewater which appear to be their main sources. Carbon adsorption and ion exchange are currently used treatment technologies for PFAS removal. However, these methods have been reported to be ineffective for the removal of short-chain PFAS. Several pioneering treatment technologies, such as electrooxidation, ultrasound, and plasma have been reported for PFAS degradation. Nevertheless, in-depth research should be performed for the applicability of emerging technologies for real-world applications. This paper examines different technologies and helps to understand the research needs to improve the development of treatment processes for PFAS in wastewater streams.

Application of ionic liquids for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater and activated sludge

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1765-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fuerhacker ◽  
Tadele Measho Haile ◽  
Daniel Kogelnig ◽  
Anja Stojanovic ◽  
Bernhard Keppler
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Standard Solutions

This paper presents the results of adsorption studies on the removal of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) from standard solutions, real wastewater samples and activated sewage sludge using a new technique of liquid–liquid extraction using quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs). Batch sorption experiments were conducted using the ILs [PR4][TS], [PR4][MTBA], [A336][TS] and [A336][MTBA]. Removal of these heavy metals from standard solutions were not effective, however removal of heavy metals from the industrial effluents/wastewater treatment plants were satisfactory, indicating that the removal depends mainly on the composition of the wastewater and cannot be predicted with standard solutions. Removal of heavy metals from activated sludge proved to be more successful than conventional methods such as incineration, acid extraction, thermal treatment, etc. For the heavy metals Cu, Ni and Zn, ≥90% removal was achieved.

From UV spectra to degradability of industrial wastewater/definition and use of a “shape factor”

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Muret ◽  
M.F. Pouet ◽  
E. Touraud ◽  
O. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Degradation Rate Constant

The measurement of global parameters such as TOC or specific compounds as phenol is not sufficient for the characterization of high loaded industrial wastewater. A previous study dealing with a treatability test based on the use of a photochemical reactor and the UV spectrophotometric control of the experiment has shown the interest of this alternative procedure for the biodegradability estimation of samples. Starting from a simple typology of wastewater based on the structure of UV spectra, a factor called “Shape Factor”, or SF, ratio of second derivative value at a maximal wavelength on the corresponding peak absorbance, is proposed for the characterization of UV spectra shape. The interest of the use of SF, related to the probable presence of a major absorbing pollutant, is shown after a short kinetic study of the photochemical test for chemical and petrochemical wastewater. The degradation rate constant of the pseudo first order photo-reaction (calculated for the degradation of a major pollutant) seems to be linked to the SF factor. For samples characterized by UV absorption peak(s) and thus a high SF value, the degradation rate constant is relatively important. For example, for effluents the UV spectra of which are very structured, the degradation rate constant is above 2.3 s-1. In conclusion, this simple procedure based on the UV spectroscopic typology of samples must be, on one hand, validated from several industrial effluents, and, on the other hand, improved with a more complete kinetic study.

Prediction of the O2 Conditions in the Selector

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kruit ◽  
F. Boley ◽  
L. J. A. M. Jacobs ◽  
T. W. M. Wouda
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Coarse Filter ◽  
Plant Research ◽  
Influent Characterization

Influent characterization and biosorption experiments were carried out with settled influent of seven wastewater treatment plants to study the influence of O2 in the selector in relation to the success of developing good settling properties of the sludge. In previous years working selectors were installed and/or pilot plant research was carried out at these wastewater treatment plants. Characterization of the influent was done with help of standard COD and BOD measurements with help of a coarse filter. The research has elucidated that the presence of O2 in the selector, at initial sludge loadings of 3.5-6.5 kg BOD/kg MLSS.d, is important for producing good settling properties of the sludge when the sum of readily biodegradable COD and rapidly hydrolysable COD is greater than 40%. When the sum of sludge COD and slow hydrolysable COD is greater than 50% an unaerated selector can be used.

scholarly journals Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Six Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants at the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in The United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Samendra P. Sherchan ◽  
Shalina Shahin ◽  
Jeenal Patel ◽  
Lauren M. Ward ◽  
Sarmila Tandukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wastewater Samples

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in primary influent (n = 42), secondary effluent (n = 24) and tertiary treated effluent (n = 34) collected from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A–F) in Virginia (WWTP A), Florida (WWTPs B, C, and D), and Georgia (WWTPs E and F) in the United States during April–July 2020. Of the 100 wastewater samples analyzed, eight (19%) untreated wastewater samples collected from the primary influents contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected in influent wastewater samples collected from WWTP A (Virginia), WWTPs E and F (Georgia) and WWTP D (Florida). Secondary and tertiary effluent samples were not positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA indicating the treatment processes in these WWTPs potentially removed SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the secondary and tertiary treatment processes. However, further studies are needed to understand the log removal values (LRVs) and transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through analyzing wastewater samples from a wider range of WWTPs.

The first sequenced Sphaerotilus natans bacteriophage– characterization and potential to control its filamentous bacterium host

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute Ferreira ◽  
Rui Amado ◽  
Jorge Padrão ◽  
Vânia Ferreira ◽  
Nicolina M Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Filamentous Bacterium ◽  
Sphaerotilus Natans ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACT Bacteriophages (phages) are ubiquitous entities present in every conceivable habitat as a result of their bacterial parasitism. Their prevalence and impact in the ecology of bacterial communities and their ability to control pathogens make their characterization essential, particularly of new phages, improving knowledge and potential application. The isolation and characterization of a new lytic phage against Sphaerotilus natans strain DSM 6575, named vB_SnaP-R1 (SnaR1), is here described. Besides being the first sequenced genome of a Sphaerotilus natans infecting phage, 99% of its 41507 bp genome lacks homology with any other sequenced phage, revealing its uniqueness and previous lack of knowledge. Moreover, SnaR1 is the first Podoviridae phage described infecting this bacterium. Sphaerotilus natans is an important filamentous bacterium due to its deleterious effect on wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and thus, phages may play a role as novel biotechnological tools against filamentous overgrowth in WWTP. The lytic spectrum of SnaR1 was restricted to its host strain, infecting only one out of three S. natans strains and infection assays revealed its ability to reduce bacterial loads. Results suggest SnaR1 as the prototype of a new phage genus and demonstrates its potential as a non-chemical alternative to reduce S. natans DSM 6575 cells.

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