Comparative study of oil accumulation characteristics in attached and suspended growth reactors

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Abadi ◽  
N. Galil
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Settling Chamber ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration ◽  
Suspended Growth

In this study, the sorption extent and characteristics of low biodegradability hydrocarbons to biomass in attached growth (AG) and suspended growth (SG) processes were compared. Distinction was made between settled biomass from the settling chamber (sludge biomass) and non-settled biomass from the process effluent (effluent biomass). In both processes the sorption to the sludge biomass was the main oil removal mechanism, however, differences in the extent and characteristics of oil sorption were observed. The AG sludge biomass sorbed more oil than the SG sludge biomass and the sludge biomass oil fraction was always higher than the effluent biomass oil fraction. In the SG process, the sludge biomass oil fraction was lower than the effluent biomass oil fraction for the first 42 days of operation and then the trend reversed. The settling quality in the SG process was damaged during the sorption of oil and biomass concentration in the reactor decreased, while the AG process suffered only from short-term disturbances in the settling quality. Furthermore, the results indicated that effluent suspended solid concentration in the AG process decreased when the oil sorption rate was high.

High rate treatment by aerobic upflow sludge blanket (AUSB) with external oxygenation

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Sharma ◽  
J.C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Flow Recirculation ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration ◽  
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
High Biomass Concentration ◽  
Very High

A 3-year study was conducted using an aerobic upflow sludge blanket (AUSB) reactor to achieve high-rate biological treatment through maintenance of a high biomass concentration (7–10 g VSS/L) together with a high oxygen flux. The AUSB reactor was not aerated directly; instead, oxygenation was provided in an external chamber with flow recirculation. The oxygenation was provided at four different ressurizations: 0, 15, 20 and 25 psig. The AUSB reactor was also pressurized to avoid the flotation of biomass. The flow recirculation rate was varied from 400% to 1,500% in order to ensure adequate oxygen supply. It was found that the AUSB system was able to handle a volumetric loading of as high as 10 kg COD/m3-day with a removal efficiency of 92%. Despite a high upflow velocity through AUSB, the effluent suspended solid concentration was mostly below 60 mg/L. The active fraction of biomass in the AUSB sludge was about 3 times higher than that of the regular activated sludge. This was indicated by a very high specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), up to 180-250 mg O2/g VSS-hr. The sludge yield in the entire system was only 0.09 to 0.13 g VSS/g COD removed. This was mainly caused by additional auto-oxidation of biosolids in the oxygenation chamber due to flow recirculation.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES ELEMENTOS FILTRANTES NA PREVENÇÃO DE OBSTRUÇÃO DE GOTEJADORES

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽  
Marcos Eduardo Scatolini
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Filter Element ◽  
Solid Concentration ◽  
Algae Removal ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Synthetic Fabric ◽  
Continuous Average

EFICIÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES ELEMENTOS FILTRANTES NA PREVENÇÃO DE OBSTRUÇÃO DE GOTEJADORES   José Euclides Stipp Paterniani Marcos Eduardo ScatoliniFaculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP. CP 6011, CEP 13083-970, E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO  Durante ensaios para verificação de eficiência de retenção de algas em filtros de discos 120 MESH, tela 120 MESH e manta sintética não tecida, foram avaliados o grau de obstrução de gotejadores de labirinto com fluxo turbulento e vazão nominal de 4 L.h-1 e 8 L.h-1. Para determinação da obstrução causada por impurezas não retidas no meio filtrante foram avaliadas a evolução da vazão e da uniformidade estatística dos gotejadores submetidos aos diferentes meios filtrantes durante um período de 22 semanas durante 4 horas diárias e comparadas com uma parcela testemunha sem elemento filtrante. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença significativa entre o elemento de discos, que apresentou maior uniformidade estatística, os filtros de manta e tela com valores intermediários e a testemunha que apresentou menor uniformidade estatística. No entanto, para caracterizar de maneira definida a diferença no desempenho dos elementos filtrantes, estes valores deveriam vir acompanhados de uma redução contínua na vazão média dos tratamentos, o que foi observado apenas para o elemento de tela com o gotejador de 4 L.h-1. As demais variações da uniformidade estatística foram temporais, provavelmente devido a obstruções  temporárias ocasionadas por variações da concentração de sólidos suspensos na água de irrigação.  UNITERMOS: Filtragem, Gotejamento, Qualidade da água.   PATERNIANI, J.E.S.; SCATOLINI, M.E. EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT FILTER ELEMENTS TO PREVENT TRICKLE CLOGGING   2 ABSTRACT  This work aimed to verify the efficiency of algae removal in disks 120 mesh, screen 120  mesh, and non woven synthetic fabric filters. It was evaluated the degree of clogging of turbulent flow drippers on 4 L.h-1 and 8 L.h-1 outflow. For blockage determination the outflow evolution  and statistics uniformity (Us) of the dripper have been evaluated when submitted to different filter media over 22 weeks, 4 daily hours compared to a control without the filter element. The results indicated significant differences among the elements. The disk element presented greater statistic uniformity. The screen filter and the non woven synthetic fabric element presented intermediate values whereas the parcel with no filter element (control) presented minor statistic uniformity. However, in order to characterize performance differences among them, values should be presented along with a  continuous average outflow reduction in all treatments. This pattern was observed only for the screen filter and 4 L.h-1 drippers. The statistics uniformity variation has been probably caused by temporary blockages due to variation in suspended solid concentration in irrigation water.  KEYWORDS: filtration, drip irrigation, water quality. 

scholarly journals TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS USING SPOT-6 DATA IN SEGARA ANAKAN, CILACAP

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisya Jaya Dhannahisvara ◽  
Hartono Harjo ◽  
Pramaditya Wicaksono ◽  
Ferman Setia Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration

Spatial distribution and concentration of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is one of the coastal parameters which are required to be examined in order to understand the quality of the water. Rapid development of remote sensing technology has resulted in the emergence of various methods to estimate TSS concentration. SPOT-6 data has spatial, spectral, and temporal characteristics that can be used to estimate TSS concentration. The purposes of this research are (1) to determine the best method for estimating TSS concentration, (2) to map TSS distribution, and (3) to determine the correlation between TSS concentration and chlorophyll-a concentration using SPOT-6 data in Segara Anakan. The estimation of TSS concentration in this research was performed using empirical model built from SPOT-6 and TSS field data. Bands used in this research are single band data (blue, green, red, and near infrared) and transformed bands such as band ratio (12 combinations), Normalized Difference Suspended Solid Index (NDSSI), and Suspended Solid Concentration Index (SSC). The result shows that blue, green, red, and near infrared bands and SSC index significantly correlated to TSS. Afterwards, regression analysis was performed to determine the function that can be used to predict TSS concentration using SPOT-6 data. Regression function used are linear and non-linear (exponential, logarithmic, 2nd order polynomial, and power). The best model was chosen based on the accuracy assessment using Standard Error of Estimate (SE). The selected model was used to calculate total TSS concentration and was correlated with chlorophyll-a field data. The result of accuracy test shows that the model from blue band has an accuracy of 70.68 %, green band 70.68 %, red band 75.73 %, near infrared band 65.58 %, and SSC 73.67 %. The accuracy test shows that red band produced the best prediction model for mapping TSS concentration distribution. The total TSS concentration, which was calculated using red band empirical model, is estimated to be 6.13 t. According to the correlation test, TSS concentration in Segara Anakan has no significant correlation with chlorophyll-a concentration, with a coefficient correlation value of -0.265.

Automated Precipitate Identification for Sludge Volume Indicator

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 1636-1640
Author(s):  
Han Soo Lee ◽  
Su Dae Kim ◽  
Yong Hyun Kim ◽  
Jung Min Kim ◽  
Sung Shin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Nowadays, since sewage disposal plant monitoring system is changed to combine automating control system tendency, automatic measurement method is widely applicable water temperature, pH, BOD, COD, suspended solid, etc. And its tendency is accumulated objective data. However, in the case of leaking suspended solid concentration measurement, it is literally not a long way from managing settling procedure. Because it has an effect on SS concentration of leaked water only when settled ability is disturbed. In other words, it means that research about solid-liquid separation activated sludge on automated monitoring system currently lacks, and needs research in this field. Considering that sedimentation process in the biological treatment process is one of the most important part, currently performed way, namely, SVI measured and judged by experienced specialists in standard procedure has weaknesses which objectivity cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, for maintaining the consistency of judging criteria and ensuring continuity of knowledge, objectified in the settling process is needed to build diagnostic systems. This paper proposed the method using image processing techniques over time due to settling of the sludge is analyzed for changes in height, also due to changes in sedimentation rate by analyzing the performance of the sludge settling, then send administrator for the system to pass the current state of the sludge.

scholarly journals Radial Retinotomies with Endodiathermy for Severe Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: Short-Term Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhaoxin Jiang ◽  
Suo Qiu ◽  
Bingsheng Lou ◽  
Miaoli Lin ◽  
Junlian Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Less Invasive Surgery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noncomparative Trial ◽  
Slit Lamp Microscopy ◽  
Observation Period

Purpose.Retinal redetachment of silicone oil-filled eyes continues to be a frustrating condition that typically requires retinectomy. We proposed radial retinotomy as a potentially less invasive surgery. Here, we preliminarily explored its feasibility, efficacy, and safety.Methods.Totally 9 eyes of 9 consecutive patients were included in a prospective noncomparative trial. A series of retinotomies were created by endodiathermy in a radial pattern to relax the foreshortened retina. The eye was refilled with fresh silicone oil. The treated eyes were examined via visual acuity (VA) tests, tonometry, slit-lamp microscopy, and fundus photography during a 6-month observation period.Results.The procedure was completed in an average of 28 minutes from silicone oil removal to fresh silicone oil placement. Fundus photography demonstrated that 7 of the 9 eyes (78%) exhibited retinal reattachment. On average, VA was significantly improved within the first 2 weeks (P=0.02) and remained stable for the following 6 months. The change in intraocular pressure was not significant (P=0.76), and no adverse event was observed (0%).Conclusion.Radial retinotomies with endodiathermy were shown to be feasible, effective, and safe in selected cases of inferior contracted retina without vitreous base fibrosis over a 6-month observation period. This trial is registered withNCT02201706.

scholarly journals Resuscitation of starved suspended- and attached-growth anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria with and without acetate

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supaporn Phanwilai ◽  
Chalermraj Wantawin ◽  
Akihiko Terada ◽  
Pongsak (Lek) Noophan ◽  
Junko Munakata-Marr
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Suspended Growth

Anammox application for nutrient removal from wastewater is increasing, though questions remain about anammox resilience to fluctuating conditions. Resuscitation of anammox suspended- and attached-growth cultures after 3 months of starvation was studied with and without acetate dosing. Without acetate, the attached-growth culture recovered more quickly than the suspended-growth culture. Suspended-growth cultures recovered more quickly (within 60 days) with weekly and daily acetate dosing than without, but anammox activity and copy numbers decreased with continued acetate addition. All attached-growth cultures recovered within 60 days, but after that activity with acetate dosing was consistently at least 20% lower than that without acetate addition. Ca. Jettenia caeni, Ca. Anammoxoglobus sp., Ca. Brocadia fulgida, Ca. Brocadia anammoxidans, Ca. Brocadia fulgida and Ca. Jettenia asiatica were identified. Acetate addition can significantly accelerate short-term resuscitation of enriched anammox suspended-growth cultures after starvation but may reduce anammox activity over the longer term in suspended- and attached-growth cultures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Thermally Treated Calotropis Procera Fiber for the Removal of Crude Oil on the Water Surface

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3894
Author(s):  
Sobral Hilário ◽  
Batista dos Anjos ◽  
Borges de Moraes Juviniano ◽  
da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Thermally Treated

Biosorbents have been highlighted as an alternative method for the removal of contaminants from spills or leaks of oil and its derivatives, since they are biodegradable, are highly available, low-cost, and have a good sorption capacity. This research investigated the sorption capacity of Calotropis procera fiber in natura (CP) and thermally treated (150 °C and 200 °C) for crude oil removal and recovery. The oil sorption tests were carried out in a dry and water (layer) static systems. The assays revealed that CP fiber has excellent hydrophobic-oil properties and good crude oil sorption capacity, about 75 times its own weight (76.32 g/g). The results of the treated fibers, CPT150 and CPT200, showed oil sorption capacities (in 24 h) higher than CP, between 94.31–103.37 g/g and 124.60–180.95 g/g, respectively. The results from sample CPT200 showed that it can be an excellent biosorbent for the removal of crude oil and other derivatives due to its high hydrophobicity, great reuse/resorption capacity, and ability to retain oil within the fiber lumens. Thus, it can be applied in the recovery, cleaning, and removal of petroleum products and its derivatives from spills and leaks in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of rapid filter cycle interruption on filtrate quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zielina
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Solid Concentration ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration ◽  
Filter Cycle

AbstractThe article presents research carried out on a sand/anthracite filter in a water treatment plant in Cracow in the south of Poland. These studies show that shutting down the filter after only three hours of operation, setting it aside for four hours and restarting without backwashing did not cause any visible deterioration in the quality of the produced filtrate. Stopping the same filter for four hours, however, after 68 h of operation, visible deterioration in the quality of the filtrate can be observed. After a significant initial deterioration, the quality of the filtrate slowly improved and after a few hours, it reached a level comparable to that before the filter was taken out of service. This was probably the result of characteristic changes in shear stress at the boundary of the deposit and flowing water in the capillaries, which accompanied changes of filtration rate. Decrease in the removal efficiency of coarser particles lasted longer and was greater than that of finer particles. Decrease in particle removal efficiency after restarting the dirty filter was difficult to identify by turbidity measurements, but clearly identifiable by measuring suspended solid concentration and the number of coarser particles. Interrupting the operation of a rapid filter shortly after it has been backwashed should not significantly reduce its efficiency, but after prolonged operation, it may adversely affect the quality of the filtrate.

Oil Removal from Refinery Wastes by Air Flotation

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Volesky ◽  
S. Agathos
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Flocculation Aid ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

Abstract Air flotation as a physical separation process for removing oily products and suspended solid matter from refinery wastewaters achieves removal efficiencies from 65% to more than 90%. Demonstrated capacity of the process for COD and BOD removal ranges up to 90%. With addition of flotation and flocculation aid chemicals better performance is achieved. Current results are presented and critically reviewed. It appears that the pressure dissolved-air flotation system employing recycle-flow operation can produce effluent containing consistently less than 15 p.p.m. of oil and suspended solids. Its performance and capacity of handling overload situations makes it superior to the conventional flocculation-sedimentation technique. Oil removal limitations of the process and current research trends are stressed including an electro-flotation technique. Some aspects of process optimization are also discussed.

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