Effect of the operating parameters on the separation of metal chelates using low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM)

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ujang ◽  
G.K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Metal Chelates ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Central Composite

This paper describes an investigation on the effect of operating parameters on the separation of metal chelates using LPROM. The objective of this study was to optimise the process of metal chelates removal by a LPROM using statistical factorial design. Factorial experiment by statistical design was applied, in which a central composite factorial design (half replicate) was used, then followed up by a star design to give a central composite factorial design. A bench-scale spiral wound configuration of sulphonated polysulphone LPROM was used at various operating conditions, i.e. operating conditions, solute concentrations, EDTA, pH and temperature. It has been shown experimentally that the effect of pressure is non-linear with respect to percentage of metal removal at different concentrations of metal ions in the feed solution. Observation of the response surface implies that the operating pressure was not the significant parameter in determining the percentage of zinc removal in the LPROM. The operating pressure, temperature and concentration of EDTA in the feed solution were the most significant parameters for permeate flux variation. It can also be concluded that for a given set of feed and experimental conditions, permeate flux increased linearly with operating pressure and temperature. The other parameters, i.e. the concentration of zinc in the feed solution and pH, were not statistically significant.

Performance of low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM) for separating mono- and divalent ions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Ujang ◽  
G. K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration

This paper describes an investigation on the rejection of the divalent anions from ZnSO4 using LPROMs, and to establish the effect of operating pressure, feed concentration and temperature on metal removal, then to compare with the monovalent anions, ZnCl2. A bench-scale spiral wound configuration of sulphonated polysulphone low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM) was used to remove heavy metals at various operating conditions, i.e. operating conditions, solute concentrations and temperature. The results show that the higher the operating pressure the greater will be the permeate flux for heavy metals from both mono- and divalent anions. At low operating pressure however, metals from the divalent anions give a higher permeate flux than did the monovalent anions. Permeate flux in both mono- and divalent anions is shown to be subsequently increased by a decrease of the concentration of feed solution. Regarding metal removal, metals from divalent anions were rejected more effectively than monovalent anions at all levels of feed concentration.

scholarly journals Data-driven Modelling of Microfiltration Process with Embedded Static Mixer for Steepwater from Corn Starch Industry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laslo Šereš ◽  
Ljubica Dokić ◽  
Bojana Ikonić ◽  
Dragana Šoronja-Simović ◽  
Miljana Djordjević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Static Mixer ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Starch Industry

Cross-flow microfiltration using ceramic tubular membrane was applied for treatment of steepwater from corn starch industry. Experiments are conducted according to the faced centered central composite design at three different transmembrane pressures (1, 2 and 3 bar) and cross-flow velocities (100, 150 and 200 L/h) with and without the usage of Kenics static mixer. For examination of the influence of the selected operating conditions at which usage of the static mixer is justified, a response surface methodology and desirability function approach were used. Obtained results showed improvement in the average permeate flux by using Kenics static mixer for 211 % to 269 % depending on experimental conditions when compared to the system without the static mixer. As a result of optimization, the best results considering flux improvement as well as reduction of specific energy consumption were obtained at low transmembrane pressure and lower feed cross-flow rates.

scholarly journals Stirred cell ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor generated from South African kraft mills

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kekana ◽  
Bruce Sithole ◽  
Deresh Ramjugernath ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Batch Cell

Abstract Ultrafiltration of lignin from black liquor was carried out in a stirred batch cell using polyethersulfone membranes. Parameters such as operating pressure, feed concentration, stirring rate and membrane cut-off size were varied and their effects on lignin retention and permeate flux were investigated. The operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate were varied in the ranges 150–350 kPa, 3–9% and 200–400 rpm, respectively. The membranes used had cut-off sizes of 5 kDa, 10 kDa and 20 kDa. A one-factor-at-a-time experimental design approach was applied in this study. Retention of lignin increased with increases in operating pressure, feed concentration and stirring rate, but decreased with an increase in molecular cut-off size of the membrane. Permeate flux on the other hand increased with increases in pressure, stirring rate and molecular cut-off size of the membrane but decreased with an increase in feed concentration. The extraction of lignin from black liquor was successfully carried out and extraction efficiencies as high as 86% could be achieved depending on the experimental conditions. The study was concluded with the recommendation of conducting additional experiments using a pilot plant in a continuous mode.

Optimization of the Spray Drying Operating Conditions for Producing the Powder Mixture of Gum Arabic and Maltodextrin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Quang Nguyen ◽  
Sabah Mounir ◽  
Karim Allaf
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe powder mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin was produced by spray drying. The inlet air temperature of spray dryer was varied from 160 °C to 260 °C and the maltodextrin content was varied from 0 to 50 % in the feed solution with the concentration of 42.5 % (w/v) total solids by weight. The properties of the finished product were characterized to examine the impact of changes in these operating parameters. The results showed that: the inlet air temperature had a stronger influence on the properties of finished product than the MD/GA ratio, whereas the feed rate was more clearly affected by the MD/GA ratio. Two optimal parameters obtained include MD/GA ratio equal to 0.615 and the inlet air temperature of spray dryer Te = 258 °C.

Filtration of crude canola oil miscella utilizing PVDF membrane: the effects of pretreatments and operating conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Niazmand ◽  
Reza Farhoosh ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Canola Oil ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Flat Membrane ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Membrane Cell

Abstract This study was conducted on adding chemical agents (aqueous solutions of CaCl2, EDTA and SDS) to crude canola oil miscella before ultrafiltration through polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with MWCO 50 kDa in a magnetically stirred flat membrane cell. Operating conditions including pressures 2-5 bar and temperatures 25-55 °C were employed. Permeate flux of pretreated oil samples exhibited sharp risings with increasing temperature and pressure. Except for the oils pretreated with SDS, the rejection of free fatty acids (FFAs) decreased in all oil samples. Increasing the operating pressure to 4 bar decreased the rejection of FFAs. Pretreatment of the oils with SDS and EDTA resulted in higher amounts of phosphorous rejection, while increasing temperature decreased it. Reduction of color values (L, a, and b) of the oil samples was not considerable through the PVDF membrane.

scholarly journals Experimental Measurement and Modeling of Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Eucalyptus globulus Bark: Effect of pH, Salinity and Biosorbent Dosage

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Fabre ◽  
Carlos Vale ◽  
Eduarda Pereira ◽  
Carlos M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Optimum Response ◽  
Available Information

Different experimental conditions were tested in order to optimize the Hg(II) removal by Eucalyptus globulus bark. Response surface methodology was applied to extract information about the significance of the factors and to obtain a model describing the sorption. The results were generated through the design of experiments by applying the methodology of a three-factor and three-level Box–Behnken design. The factors tested were pH (4.0, 6.5, and 9.0), salinity (0, 15, and 30), and biosorbent dosage (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 g dm−3) to evaluate the Hg(II) removal using realistic conditions, such as contaminated natural waters with an initial Hg(II) concentration of 50 µg dm−3. The optimum response provided by the model was 81% of the metal removal under the optimal operating conditions: a pH value of 6.0, no salinity, and a biosorbent dosage of 0.55 g dm−3. Concerning the kinetic, the pseudo-second-order equation fitted better to the experimental results with R 2 between 0.973 and 0.996. This work highlights the promising valorization of this biomass, which is an industrial byproduct and makes available information about the influence of the variables for Hg(II) removal in water treatment processes.

Probabilistic Design and Analysis of Pressure Measuring Probes for Creep Behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattatraya Parle
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behavior ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Creep Model ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Secondary Creep ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Probabilistic Design ◽  
Input Parameters

Pressure probes are typically used to measure the pressure of a fluid stream. These probes are designed to serve for 25 years life under operating pressure and temperature conditions. Therefore, such pressure probes are also designed for safe creep behavior. Typically creep is time dependent phenomenon and it can be classified as Primary, Secondary and Tertiary creep. In the literature, the creep phenomenon is studied analytically and numerically. Literature review reveals that creep analysis requires special material models and its selection depends on operating conditions. This work presents FEA based probabilistic design and analysis of pressure measuring probes using ANSYS which has several creep models depending on type of creep phenomenon. Probes in this study are subjected to primary and secondary creep. Therefore, this work proposes combined time hardening creep model. Combined time hardening model has 7 coefficients. This further increases the complexity of the model. Apart from the model complexity, there are various other design and operating parameters which further complicates the creep behavior. Some of the important design and operating parameters are length, diameter and tip dimensions along with pressure and temperature. Thus there are around 16 parameters which controls the creep behavior of pressure measuring probe. Traditional design process of probe is based on deterministic analysis which involves the use of safety factors as a way of accounting for uncertainty in design input parameters. This can often results in overly conservative designs. Moreover, to understand optimal creep behavior of probes under several uncertainties in input parameters becomes a challenging. Therefore, this work presents probabilistic approach as opposed to a deterministic approach to understand the combined effect of several uncertain parameters on creep behavior of probes. This work not only determines probability of probe failure more accurately but also determines the sensitivity of each parameter during creep phenomenon using FEA.

scholarly journals Recovery of Aromatics from Orange Juice Evaporator Condensate Streams by Reverse Osmosis

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Fitim Destani ◽  
Attilio Naccarato ◽  
Antonio Tagarelli ◽  
Alfredo Cassano
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Aromatic Polyamide ◽  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux

The aim of this work was to analyze the potential of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in the recovery and concentration of aroma compounds from orange juice evaporator condensate (EC) streams. Concentration experiments were performed by using three RO spiral-wound aromatic polyamide membranes (SG1812C-34D, SC1812C-34D and SE1812) with different NaCl rejections. The effect of transmembrane pressure, axial feed flowrate and volume concentration ratio (VCR) on permeate flux was studied. Rejections of the investigated membranes towards specific aroma compounds (octanol, α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, cis-carveol, karvon, linalool) in selected operating conditions were also evaluated. The concentrations of the aroma compounds were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) as a sample preparation approach. For all selected membranes, the permeate flux increased linearly by increasing the operating pressure from 5 to 25 bar; on the other hand, the feed flowrate did not have any significant effect on the permeate flux. High retention values towards aroma compounds (>80%) were measured for all selected membranes. However, the SC membrane showed the highest rejection values (>96%) and the best correlation between concentration factor of aroma compounds and VCR.

scholarly journals Study on the Concentration of Acrylic Acid and Acetic Acid by Reverse Osmosis

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Lixin Xie ◽  
Hanxiao Du ◽  
Shichang Xu ◽  
Yawei Du
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Amide Bonds

In the production of acrylic acid, the concentration of acrylic acid solution from the adsorption tower was low, which would lead to significant energy consumption in the distillation process to purify acrylic acid, along with the production of a large amount of wastewater. Reverse osmosis (RO) was proposed to concentrate the acrylic acid aqueous solution taken from a specific tray in the absorption tower. The effects of operating conditions on the permeate flux and acid retention were studied with two commercial RO membranes (SWC5 and SWC6). When the operating pressure was 4 MPa and the temperature was 25 °C, the permeate fluxes of two membranes were about 20 L·m−2·h−1. The acrylic acid and acetic acid retentions were about 80% and 78%, respectively. After being immersed in the acid solutions for several months, the characteristics of the two membranes were tested to evaluate their acid resistance. After six months of exposure to the acid solution containing 2.5% acrylic acid and 2.5% acetic acid, the retentions of acrylic acid and acetic acid were decreased by 5.7% and 4.1% for SWC5 and 4.9% and 2.2% for SWC6, respectively. The changes of membrane surface morphology and chemical composition showed the hydrolysis of some amide bonds.

scholarly journals The effects of operating parameters on spiramycin removal by nanofiltration membrane

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1512-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Zhao ◽  
Weihong Fan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Deyin Hou ◽  
Zhaokun Luan
Keyword(s):  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Flux Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Feed Temperature

Spiramycin removal from wastewater using four nanofiltration (NF) membranes (NF270, NF90, ESNA1-K1 and ESNA1-LF2-LD) was studied. The effects of operating pressure, feed temperature, feed concentration, cation and anion ions on the permeate flux rate and spiramycin rejection were investigated. The results show that increasing operating pressure resulted in the increase of both permeate flux and spiramycin rejection. The flux rate increased almost linearly with temperature, while the spiramycin rejection decreased. The permeate flux rate declined relatively with increasing feed concentration of spiramycin for NF270 and ESNA1-LF2-LD membranes compared with NF90 and ESNA1-K membranes. The presence of cations reduced spiramycin rejection, with the strength of influence for the NF270 NF membrane following the order Mg2+>Ca2+>K+. The presence of anions also resulted in decreased spiramycin rejection, the strength of the effect following the order NO3−>Cl−>SO42− for the NF270 membrane.

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