Agricultural odours: 25 years of reducing complaints about barns and manure storages using the minimum distance separation formulae

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Poultry Facilities ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Manure Storage

Ontario in Canada has a diverse livestock and poultry industry. Two million of Ontario's eleven million residents live in rural areas, but only 5% live on livestock and poultry farms, being outnumbered by their rural, non-livestock neighbours by 20:1. The increasing size, complexity, specialisation and concentration of livestock and poultry farms coupled with rural neighbours who have little or no family or business connection to them has resulted in an escalation in the number of odour complaints about barn and manure storage locations. Ontario-developed Minimum Distance Separation I and II formulae have helped site over 100,000 non-compatible uses, such as severed lots, away from livestock and poultry facilities, and similarly sited over 20,000 barns. However, they are under review because of the need to reflect the current and anticipated state of the livestock and poultry industry, the changing needs of the rural community, and to make it easier to apply for the growing number of municipal staff with little knowledge of the agricultural industry.

scholarly journals A Capabilities-Led Approach to Assessing Technological Solutions for a Rural Community

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Xinfang Wang ◽  
Rosie Day ◽  
Dan Murrant ◽  
Antonio Diego Marín ◽  
David Castrejón Botello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Solution Design ◽  
Improve Access

To improve access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy in rural areas of the global south, off-grid systems using renewable generation and energy storage are often proposed. However, solution design is often technology-driven, with insufficient consideration of social and cultural contexts. This leads to a risk of unintended consequences and inappropriate systems that do not meet local needs. To address this problem, this paper describes the application of a capabilities-led approach to understanding a community’s multi-dimensional energy poverty and assessing their needs as they see them, in order to better design suitable technological interventions. Data were collected in Tlamacazapa, Mexico, through site visits and focus groups with men and women. These revealed the ways in which constrained energy services undermined essential capabilities, including relating to health, safety, relationships and earning a living, and highlighted the specific ways in which improved energy services, such as lighting, cooking and mechanical power could improve capabilities in the specific context of Tlamacazapa. Based on these findings, we propose some potential technological interventions to address these needs. The case study offers an illustration of an assessment method that could be deployed in a variety of contexts to inform the design of appropriate technological interventions.

Community Studies as Formative Evaluations for Citizens

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Marion Dobbert
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Ghost Towns ◽  
General Store ◽  
Rural Depopulation

Evaluation has been defined by Blaine Worthen and J. R. Sanders (1973, Educational Evaluation: Theory and Practice. Worthington, Ohio: C.A. Jones Publishing Company, p. 19) as making a "determination of the worth of a thing." The thought of evaluating a community is one that, at first hearing, is likely to give any anthropologist a cold chill. But actually, communities are evaluated all the time; the evolutionary socioeconomic processes of a region continually, although impersonally, evaluate communities. In the process, some are selected to live and others to die and become ghost towns (or future archaeological discoveries). My region, Minnesota, Wisconsin and the Dakotas, is filled with towns that have been evaluated by this process. While they are not ghost towns, they have been reduced to two road signs announcing their names, a tavern, and a deserted general store. This type of evaluation is occurring through the rural areas of the world. It results in rural depopulation and the demise of rural community forms which have been highly valued historically. We might call this process a summative evaluation of a community—a very final one with little chance of successful appeal.

scholarly journals China: A New Trajectory Prioritizing Rural Rather Than Urban Development?

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Hongzhang Xu ◽  
Jamie Pittock ◽  
Katherine A. Daniell
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
National Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Global Concern

The adverse effects of rapid urbanization are of global concern. Careful planning for and accommodation of accelerating urbanization and citizenization (i.e., migrants gaining official urban residency) may be the best approach to limit some of the worst impacts. However, we find that another trajectory may be possible: one linked to the rural development plan adopted in the latest Chinese national development strategy. This plan aims to build rural areas as attractive areas for settlement by 2050 rather than to further urbanize with more people in cities. We assess the political motivations and challenges behind this choice to develop rural areas based on a literature review and empirical case analysis. After assessing the rural and urban policy subsystem, we find five socio-political drivers behind China’s rural development strategy, namely ensuring food security, promoting culture and heritage, addressing overcapacity, emphasizing environmental protection and eradicating poverty. To develop rural areas, China needs to effectively resolve three dilemmas: (1) implementing decentralized policies under central supervision; (2) deploying limited resources efficiently to achieve targets; and (3) addressing competing narratives in current policies. Involving more rural community voices, adopting multiple forms of local governance, and identifying and mitigating negative project impacts can be the starting points to manage these dilemmas.

scholarly journals POULTRY FARMS AS A SOURCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Irina Bochkareva ◽  
Elena Maymanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Poultry Farms

The article describes the main problems of the poultry industry that affects environmental pollution. Recommendations to minimize waste generation and protect the environment are made.

scholarly journals Fenomena Penuaan Petani dan Berkurangnya Tenaga Kerja Muda serta Implikasinya bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />Qualified human resources with a good commitment to develop agricultural sector is one of the determining factors toward sustainable agricultural development. However, agricultural development deals with significant issue especially reduction in the number of young farmers. This paper aims to review structural changes from perspective of aging farmer and declined number of young farmers in Indonesia and other countries. Specifically, this paper identifies various factors causing the changes and describes the policies needed to support young workers to enter agricultural sector. The method used in this paper is both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results show that aging farmers and young farmers decline in Indonesia keep increasing. The phenomena are also found in other countries in Asia, Europe, America and Australia. Various factors causing lack interest of young workers in agricultural sector, namely less prestigious, high risk, less assurance, unstable earning. Other factors are small size land holding, limited non-agricultural diversification and agricultural processing activities in rural areas, slow farm management succession, and lack of incentive for young farmers. To attract youth to enter agricultural sector, it is necessary to transform youth’s perception that agricultural sector currently is interesting and promising. The government needs to development agricultural industry in rural areas, introduces technology innovation, offers special incentives for young farmers, modernizes agriculture, and conducts training and empowerment of young farmers.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan memiliki komitmen membangun sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Namun, pembangunan pertanian menghadapi permasalahan cukup serius, yaitu jumlah petani muda terus mengalami penurunan, baik secara absolut maupun relatif, sementara petani usia tua semakin meningkat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah melakukan review tentang perubahan struktural tenaga kerja pertanian dilihat dari fenomena aging farmer dan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja usia muda sektor pertanian di Indonesia dan di berbagai negara lainnya, mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor penyebab perubahan tersebut, serta kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung tenaga kerja muda masuk ke  sektor pertanian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan tabulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya petani muda di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Kondisi seperti ini bukan hanya terjadi di Indonesia, namun juga di negara-negara lain di Asia, Eropa, dan Amerika.  Berbagai faktor penyebab menurunnya minat tenaga kerja muda di sektor pertanian, di antaranya citra sektor pertanian yang kurang bergengsi, berisiko tinggi, kurang memberikan jaminan tingkat, stabilitas, dan kontinyuitas pendapatan; rata-rata penguasaan lahan sempit; diversifikasi usaha nonpertanian dan industri pertanian di desa kurang/tidak berkembang; suksesi pengelolaan usaha tani rendah; belum ada kebijakan insentif khusus untuk petani muda/pemula; dan berubahnya cara pandang pemuda di era postmodern seperti sekarang. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk menarik minat pemuda bekerja di pertanian antara lain mengubah persepsi generasi muda bahwa sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang menarik dan menjanjikan apabila dikelola dengan tekun dan sungguh-sungguh, pengembangan agroindustri, inovasi teknologi,  pemberian insentif khusus kepada petani muda, pengembangan pertanian modern, pelatihan dan pemberdayaan petani muda, serta memperkenalkan pertanian kepada generasi muda sejak dini.

Lauksaimniecības produktu pašnodrošinājums Latvijā

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Aija Eglīte ◽  
Marija Dūduma ◽  
Sandra Lejniece
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
The Self ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Agriculture plays a major role in ensuring the existence of humanity. Today, the agricultural industry is playing an increasingly important role as farmers not only supply food to the world's population but also provide some people with jobs, particularly in rural areas, and protect and develop the rural landscape, without which we cannot imagine our world. Food production is one of the most important prerequisites for agriculture, yet the problem is whether the agricultural output in Latvia is able to meet the demand for food by the country's population in relation to the main food groups. The research aims to examine the self-sufficiency of agricultural products in Latvia. The research is based on annual agricultural reports and statistics for the period of 2011-2018 provided by the Rural Support Service. The key research results reveal that the output significantly exceeds consumption for some food groups, yet there are some agricultural products that highly depend on import.

Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Family Farms and the Dairy Industry

2022 ◽  
pp. 898-916
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ratten ◽  
Leo-Paul Dana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
International Standing ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies

There has been increasing recognition that for regional competitiveness in rural areas there needs to be a focus on sustainable farming initiatives especially for family farms that are competing with global conglomerates. Family farms, whilst declining in number, are the purpose of this paper studying the rural entrepreneurship in family farms as they are at the heart of rural communities and the overall agricultural industry and comprise a high percentage of total farms. This paper takes a case study approach using in-depth semi structured interviews to delve into the types of entrepreneurial strategies that are distinctive of family farms in terms of their sustainability approach to farming. Dairy farms in the West Victorian area of Australia are studied and the findings suggest that family farms can increase their regional competitiveness and international standing by focusing on their collaborative, social and sustainable entrepreneurial strategies.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Cogeneration System for Post-Harvest Loss Reduction: A Case Study in Sub-Saharan Rural Community

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasaq Lamidi ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Yaodong Wang ◽  
Pankaj Pathare ◽  
Marcelo Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Electricity Tariff

Over 90% of global yam production is from West Africa where it provides food and income for above 300 million smallholders’ farmers. However, the major challenge of yam is 10–40% post-harvest losses due to the lack of appropriate storage facilities. This paper assesses a biogas-driven cogeneration system, which could supply electricity and cold storage for ‘yam bank’ within a rural community. Considering 200 households’ Nigerian village as a case study, crop residues are used as anaerobic digestion feedstock to produce biogas, which is subsequently used to power an internal combustion engine. Result shows that the system could store 3.6 tonnes of yam tubers each year and provide enough electricity for domestic and commercial activities. At the current electricity tariff of USD0.013·kWh−1 for rural areas, the system is unable to payback during its life span. The proposed USD0.42·kWh−1 by Nigerian Rural Electrification Agency seems good with less than 3 years discounted payback period but brings about extra burden on poor rural households. Based on the income from cold storage, electricity tariff of USD0.105·kWh−1 with an interest rate of 4% is suggested to be reasonable which results in 6.84 years discounted payback period especially considering non-monetary benefits of renewable energy system.

scholarly journals Political mediation and participation in the Czech rural areas

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 575-581
Author(s):  
J. Čmejrek
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fragmented Population ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Municipal Election

The objective of this paper is to show the mediation between citizens and political power by political parties in Czech rural areas. The position of political parties in rural municipalities is demonstrated in two perspectives. The top-down perspective is based on the distribution of several tens of thousands mandates in local municipal councils between political parties. The opposite perspective provides the bottom-up point of view – from the level of the individual municipalities, their party systems and party organisational structures. The analysis of the municipal election results reveals clearly that the role of political parties in local politics depends namely on the size of the given municipality. In this sense, the Czech Republic represents a very interesting example as it is characterised by a dense and heavily fragmented population settlement with a large number of small rural municipalities. In rural municipalities, we encounter incomplete party spectra and the absence of political parties in the smallest municipalities. Besides, the lists of candidates in rural municipalities reveal the weakness of the local party organisations that cannot avoid cooperating with the independent candidates. The small distance between the citizen and the elected body in a rural community significantly determines the forms of the local politics; the ideological and party mediation is superfluous, in fact, it is often seen as something harmful which divides the rural community.

Mental illness in an elderly rural population in Ireland: a prevalence study

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Kelleher ◽  
Mary O'Sullivan ◽  
Nuala McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to provide the first Irish prevalence data on mental illness in an elderly, rural, community dwelling population.Method: Subjects were identified from four general practitioners' lists. This included GMS patients, private patients and nursing home residents. Six hundred and fifty people aged 65 years or over were interviewed in their own homes using GMS-AGECAT, a standardised diagnostic instrument.Results: The overall prevalence of mental illness was 14.6%. The prevalence of depression was 9.4%. There was a significantly higher rate among women (13.2%) than men (4.3%). Depression in women was not age related. Of the total sample, 3.7% were classified as organic cases. Of the remaining cases, anxiety disorders occurred most frequently and represented 0.9% of all cases.Conclusions: Elderly people in rural areas experience similar levels of psychiatric morbidity as those in urban centres.

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