Inactivation of E. coli and helminth eggs in aerobic and anaerobic effluents using UV radiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. de Lemos Chernicharo ◽  
J.C. de Castro Silva ◽  
A.M. Zerbini ◽  
V.M. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Mercury Lamp ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Very High

This paper evaluates the performance of a simplified bench-scale UV-photoreactor used to inactivate Escherichia coli and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. The photoreactor consisted of a tubular unit constructed with PVC tube, 100 mm diameter and 45 cm total height, with a low-pressure mercury lamp adapted in the centre of the tube. The reactor was tested to disinfect the effluents from a trickling filter and from an UASB reactor, both fed with domestic sewage. The results showed an excellent performance of the photoreactor, with very high E. coli inactivation efficiencies being observed for the aerobic effluent (in the range of 4 to 5 log-units, for doses varying from 50.7 to 13.6 mW.s.cm−2) and also for the effluent from the UASB reactor (usually above 4 log-units, for doses of 20.3 and 13.6 mW.s.cm−2). In relation to the inactivation of helminth eggs, it was observed that UV radiation significantly affected the development of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, with the better results being obtained for radiation times of 40 and 60 seconds (doses of 13.6 and 20.3 mW.s.cm−2, respectively), when approximately 65% of the eggs remained in the stage of single cell and only 9 to 10% were able to fully develop to the stage of motile larva.

Coliform and helminth eggs removal in a combined UASB reactor – baffled pond system in Brazil: performance evaluation and mathematical modelling

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von Sperling ◽  
C.A.L. Chernicharo ◽  
A.M.E. Soares ◽  
A.M. Zerbini
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles

The paper presents the monitoring results of a pilot UASB reactor followed by a baffled polishing pond treating domestic sewage in Brazil. Longitudinal profiles of E. coli and helminth eggs along the baffled pond have been undertaken. The experimental results have been compared with von Sperling's model for coliform removal and Ayres' model for helminth eggs removal, and the fitting was considered satisfactory in both cases. The distribution of the helminth species along the system is also presented.

Simple wastewater treatment (UASB reactor, shallow polishing ponds, coarse rock filter) allowing compliance with different reuse criteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von Sperling ◽  
J.G.B. de Andrada
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Very High ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

UASB reactors followed by polishing ponds comprise simple and economic wastewater treatment systems, capable of reaching very high removal efficiencies of pathogenic organisms, leading to the potential use of the effluent for unrestricted irrigation. However, for other types of reuse (urban and industrial), ponds are limited in the sense of producing effluents with high suspended solids (algae) concentrations. The work investigates a system with coarse rock filters for polishing the pond effluent. The overall performance of the system is analyzed, together with the potential for different types of reuse. The excellent results obtained (mean effluent concentrations: BOD: 27 mg/L; SS: 26 mg/L; E. coli: 450 MPN/100 mL) indicate the possibility of unrestricted use of the effluent for agriculture and restricted urban and industrial uses, according to WHO and USEPA.

scholarly journals Detection of Entamoeba sp. and Helmith Eggs From Water Sources in Urban Slum Area in Bandung Municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Sri Yusnita Irda Sari ◽  
M. Ersyad Hamda ◽  
Adi Imam Cahyadi Cahyadi ◽  
Jasmine Maulinda Utami ◽  
Mogenes Ravichandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Very High

Diarrhea is a waterborne disease due to consumption of contaminated food/water. People in urban slum area have highest risk to get diarrhea because of poor hygiene and sanitation as well as limited access to uncontaminated water. This study aimed to identify conta­mination in watersources by Entamoeba Sp and helmint eggs (Anchylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria) in one of urban slum area in Bandung municipality. Samples were taken from 123 watersources (74 tap water, 21 borehole, 22 dugwell and 6 spring water) which was randomly selected in 10 RW along the Cikapundung river basin in Tamansari subdistrict during period of July-September 2015. Water samples were examined by PCR to detect Entamoeba Sp and microscopic identification for helminth eggs. 90 out of 123 samples were positive for Entamoeba Sp (59 tap water, 16 dugwell, 11 borehole and 4 spring water). Helminth egg of Ascaris lumbricoides was detected from unimproved common dugwell which had very high risk of contamination. Appropriate of water treatment prior to consumption is vastly important. Physical improvement to construct improved dugwell should be done to prevent contamination from helminth eggs in watersources.

Pathogen removal efficiency from UASB + BF effluent using conventional and UV post-treatment systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Keller ◽  
R.F. Passamani-Franca ◽  
F. Passamani ◽  
L. Vaz ◽  
S.T. Cassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Uv Reactor ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of removal of microorganisms in effluents of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) comprising an association of a UASB reactor followed by three submerged aerated biofilters (BAF) and one tertiary filter. The WWTP designed to treat domestic wastewater from a population of 1,000 inhabitants showed high removal efficiency for organic matter and suspended solids. Helminth eggs were also efficiently removed from the tertiary effluent and were found in the sludge from the UASB reactor; however, removal of bacteria in this system was very low. To enhance the efficiency of the system, the effluent from tertiary filters was submitted to UV disinfection in a real scale reactor. Our results showed that UV irradiation was very effective at lowering the concentrations of E. coli, thermotolerant coliforms and coliphages to acceptable levels for agricultural reuse. Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs were seeded into the tertiary effluent before passing through the UV reactor. Salmonella was not found in the final effluent, but helminth eggs were not completely inactivated by UV irradiation and viable eggs were detected after 28 d of incubation.

scholarly journals Detection of Entamoeba sp. and Helmith Eggs From Water Sources in Urban Slum Area in Bandung Municipality

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Sri Yusnita Irda Sari ◽  
M. Ersyad Hamda ◽  
Adi Imam Cahyadi Cahyadi ◽  
Jasmine Maulinda Utami ◽  
Mogenes Ravichandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Very High

Diarrhea is a waterborne disease due to consumption of contaminated food/water. People in urban slum area have highest risk to get diarrhea because of poor hygiene and sanitation as well as limited access to uncontaminated water. This study aimed to identify conta­mination in watersources by Entamoeba Sp and helmint eggs (Anchylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria) in one of urban slum area in Bandung municipality. Samples were taken from 123 watersources (74 tap water, 21 borehole, 22 dugwell and 6 spring water) which was randomly selected in 10 RW along the Cikapundung river basin in Tamansari subdistrict during period of July-September 2015. Water samples were examined by PCR to detect Entamoeba Sp and microscopic identification for helminth eggs. 90 out of 123 samples were positive for Entamoeba Sp (59 tap water, 16 dugwell, 11 borehole and 4 spring water). Helminth egg of Ascaris lumbricoides was detected from unimproved common dugwell which had very high risk of contamination. Appropriate of water treatment prior to consumption is vastly important. Physical improvement to construct improved dugwell should be done to prevent contamination from helminth eggs in watersources.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity during Olympic-Distance Triathlon in Well-Trained Age-Group Athletes: An Observational Study

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Atsushi Aoyagi ◽  
Keisuke Ishikura ◽  
Yoshiharu Nabekura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slow Group ◽  
H 41 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Very High

The aim of this study was to examine the exercise intensity during the swimming, cycling, and running legs of nondraft legal, Olympic-distance triathlons in well-trained, age-group triathletes. Seventeen male triathletes completed incremental swimming, cycling, and running tests to exhaustion. Heart rate (HR) and workload corresponding to aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, maximal workloads, and maximal HR (HRmax) in each exercise mode were analyzed. HR and workload were monitored throughout the race. The intensity distributions in three HR zones for each discipline and five workload zones in cycling and running were quantified. The subjects were then assigned to a fast or slow group based on the total race time (range, 2 h 07 min–2 h 41 min). The mean percentages of HRmax in the swimming, cycling, and running legs were 89.8% ± 3.7%, 91.1% ± 4.4%, and 90.7% ± 5.1%, respectively, for all participants. The mean percentage of HRmax and intensity distributions during the swimming and cycling legs were similar between groups. In the running leg, the faster group spent relatively more time above HR at anaerobic threshold (AnT) and between workload at AnT and maximal workload. In conclusion, well-trained male triathletes performed at very high intensity throughout a nondraft legal, Olympic-distance triathlon race, and sustaining higher intensity during running might play a role in the success of these athletes.

scholarly journals Comparison of the ColiPlate™ Kit with Two Common E. coli Enumeration Methods for Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Cassi J. Gibson ◽  
Abraham K. Maritim ◽  
Jason W. Marion
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Very High

Quantitatively assessing fecal indicator bacteria in drinking water from limited resource settings (e.g., disasters, remote areas) can inform public health strategies for reducing waterborne illnesses. This study aimed to compare two common approaches for quantifying Escherichia coli (E. coli) density in natural water versus the ColiPlate™ kit approach. For comparing methods, 41 field samples from natural water sources in Kentucky (USA) were collected. E. coli densities were then determined by (1) membrane filtration in conjunction with modified membrane-thermotolerant E. coli (mTEC) agar, (2) Idexx Quanti-Tray® 2000 with the Colilert® substrate, and (3) the Bluewater Biosciences ColiPlate kit. Significant correlations were observed between E. coli density data for all three methods (p < 0.001). Paired t-test results showed no difference in E. coli densities determined by all the methods (p > 0.05). Upon assigning modified mTEC as the reference method for determining the World Health Organization-assigned “very high-risk” levels of fecal contamination (> 100 E. coli CFU/100 mL), both ColiPlate and Colilert exhibited excellent discrimination for screening very high-risk levels according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (~89%). These data suggest ColiPlate continues to be an effective monitoring tool for quantifying E. coli density and characterizing fecal contamination risks from water.

scholarly journals Elevated Incidences of Antimicrobial Resistance and Multidrug Resistance in the Maumee River (Ohio, USA), a Major Tributary of Lake Erie

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Maitreyee Mukherjee ◽  
Leah Marie ◽  
Cheyenne Liles ◽  
Nadia Mustafa ◽  
George Bullerjahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Major Tributary ◽  
Very High

Maumee River, the major tributary in the western basin of Lake Erie, serves as one of major sources of freshwater in the area, supplying potable, recreational, and industrial water. In this study we collected water samples from four sites in the Maumee River Bay between 2016–2017 and E. coli was isolated, enumerated, and analyzed for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR). Strikingly, 95% of the total isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic. A very high resistance to the drugs cephalothin (95.3%), ampicillin (38.3%), tetracycline (8.8%), gentamicin (8.2%), ciprofloxacin (4.2%), cefoperazone (4%), and sulfamethoxazole (1.5%) was observed within isolates from all four sampling sites. Percentages of AMR and MDR was consistently very high in the summer and fall months, whereas it was observed to be lowest in the winter. A remarkably high number of the isolates were detected to be MDR—95% resistant to ≥1 antibiotic, 43% resistant to ≥2 antibiotics, 15% resistant to ≥3 antibiotics, 4.9% resistant to ≥4 antibiotic and 1.2% resistant to ≥5 antibiotics. This data will serve in better understanding the environmental occurrence and dissemination of AMR/MDR in the area and assist in improving and establishing control measures.

Coarse filters for pond effluent polishing: comparison of loading rates and grain sizes

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von Sperling ◽  
J.G.B. de Andrada ◽  
W.R. de Melo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The City ◽  
Rock Size

A system comprising a UASB reactor, shallow polishing ponds and shallow coarse filters, treating actual wastewater from the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, has been evaluated. The main focus of the research was to compare grain sizes and hydraulic loading rates in the coarse filters. Two filters operating in parallel were investigated, with the following grain sizes: Filter 1: 3 to 10 cm; Filter 2: 8 to 20 cm. Two hydraulic loading rates were tested: 0.5 and 1.0 m3/m3.d. The filter with the lower rock size had a better performance than the filter with the larger rock size in the removal of SS and, as a consequence, BOD and COD. A better performance was obtained with the hydraulic loading rate of 0.5 m3/m3.d, as compared to the rate of 1.0 m3/m3.d. The effluent quality during the period with the lower loading rate was very good for discharge into water bodies or for agricultural reuse (median effluent concentrations from Filter 1: BOD: 20 mg/L; COD: 106 mg/L; SS: 28 mg/L; E. coli: 528 MPN/100 mL).

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of a Novel Glycylcycline, the 9-t-Butylglycylamido Derivative of Minocycline (GAR-936)

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Petersen ◽  
N. V. Jacobus ◽  
W. J. Weiss ◽  
P. E. Sum ◽  
R. T. Testa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Ribosomal Protection

ABSTRACT The 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (TBG-MINO) is a recently synthesized member of a novel group of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines. This new derivative, like the first glycylcyclines, theN,N-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, possesses activity against bacterial isolates containing the two major determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance: ribosomal protection and active efflux. The in vitro activities of TBG-MINO and the comparative agents were evaluated against strains with characterized tetracycline resistance as well as a spectrum of recent clinical aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. TBG-MINO, with an MIC range of 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml, showed good activity against strains expressing tet(M) (ribosomal protection), tet(A), tet(B),tet(C), tet(D), and tet(K) (efflux resistance determinants). TBG-MINO exhibited similar activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MICs at which 90% of strains are inhibited, ≤0.5 μg/ml). TBG-MINO exhibited activity against a wide diversity of gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, most of which were less susceptible to tetracycline and minocycline. The in vivo protective effects of TBG-MINO were examined against acute lethal infections in mice caused by Escherichia coli, S. aureus, andStreptococcus pneumoniae isolates. TBG-MINO, administered intravenously, demonstrated efficacy against infections caused byS. aureus including MRSA strains and strains containingtet(K) or tet(M) resistance determinants (median effective doses [ED50s], 0.79 to 2.3 mg/kg of body weight). TBG-MINO demonstrated efficacy against infections caused by tetracycline-sensitive E. coli strains as well asE. coli strains containing either tet(M) or the efflux determinant tet(A), tet(B), ortet(C) (ED50s, 1.5 to 3.5 mg/kg). Overall, TBG-MINO shows antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including strains resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents. The in vivo protective effects, especially against infections caused by resistant bacteria, corresponded with the in vitro activity of TBG-MINO.

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