scholarly journals Exercise Intensity during Olympic-Distance Triathlon in Well-Trained Age-Group Athletes: An Observational Study

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Atsushi Aoyagi ◽  
Keisuke Ishikura ◽  
Yoshiharu Nabekura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slow Group ◽  
H 41 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Very High

The aim of this study was to examine the exercise intensity during the swimming, cycling, and running legs of nondraft legal, Olympic-distance triathlons in well-trained, age-group triathletes. Seventeen male triathletes completed incremental swimming, cycling, and running tests to exhaustion. Heart rate (HR) and workload corresponding to aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, maximal workloads, and maximal HR (HRmax) in each exercise mode were analyzed. HR and workload were monitored throughout the race. The intensity distributions in three HR zones for each discipline and five workload zones in cycling and running were quantified. The subjects were then assigned to a fast or slow group based on the total race time (range, 2 h 07 min–2 h 41 min). The mean percentages of HRmax in the swimming, cycling, and running legs were 89.8% ± 3.7%, 91.1% ± 4.4%, and 90.7% ± 5.1%, respectively, for all participants. The mean percentage of HRmax and intensity distributions during the swimming and cycling legs were similar between groups. In the running leg, the faster group spent relatively more time above HR at anaerobic threshold (AnT) and between workload at AnT and maximal workload. In conclusion, well-trained male triathletes performed at very high intensity throughout a nondraft legal, Olympic-distance triathlon race, and sustaining higher intensity during running might play a role in the success of these athletes.

Exercise intensity during repeated days of racing in professional triathletes

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Hue ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
Daniel Le Gallais
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study was to estimate the exercise intensity from the competition heart rate (HR) of professional triathletes during a multi-triathlon race. Five internationally ranked professional triathletes completed incremental cycling and running tests to assess the first and second ventilatory thresholds (i.e., VT and RCT) and the HR at VT and RCT. HR was then monitored during a 5 d multi-triathlon race: a prologue time trial (PTT, 0.2 km swim - 5 km cycle - 1.2 km run) that opened the race; short-distance triathlons (SHD; 1.3 km swim - 36 km cycle - 8.4 km run) performed on the 2nd and 5th days; and sprint-distance triathlons (SPD; 0.75 km swim - 20 km cycle - 5 km run) performed on the 3rd and 4th days. All trials except the last (i.e., the second SHD) were performed above HR corresponding to RCT. PTT elicited significantly higher mean HR than the other trials (except for the first SPD trial). In contrast, the last SHD elicited significantly lower HR than the other trials. These responses were globally similar in the 3 segments (i.e., swim, cycle, and run). This study demonstrates that the triathletes performed at very high intensity during a drafting-permitted multi-triathlon race. However, as shown for multi-day cycling distances, the HR responses depended on (i) the distance covered and (ii) group behavior.Key words: heart rate, ventilatory thresholds, swim, cycle, run.

scholarly journals Reliability of Tethered Swimming Evaluation in Age Group Swimmers

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Amaro ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Mário C. Marques ◽  
Pedro Morouço
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Maximal Intensity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the reliability of tethered swimming in the evaluation of age group swimmers. The sample was composed of 8 male national level swimmers with at least 4 years of experience in competitive swimming. Each swimmer performed two 30 second maximal intensity tethered swimming tests, on separate days. Individual force-time curves were registered to assess maximum force, mean force and the mean impulse of force. Both consistency and reliability were very strong, with Cronbach's Alpha values ranging from 0.970 to 0.995. All the applied metrics presented a very high agreement between tests, with the mean impulse of force presenting the highest. These results indicate that tethered swimming can be used to evaluate age group swimmers. Furthermore, better comprehension of the swimmers ability to effectively exert force in the water can be obtained using the impulse of force.

scholarly journals First reaction of the heart rate in horses to different genres of music played in the stable

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
Anna Stachurska ◽  
Jadwiga Śniadek ◽  
Iwona Janczarek
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rock Music ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Country Music ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Music Genres ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Time

The aim of the study was to determine the first reaction of the heart rate (HR) in horses to piping music of different genres into the stable for a short time. The study included 26 saddle horses, mares, stallions and geldings, split into three age groups: 1-5, 6-11 and over 11 years. Three kinds of music were played within three 25-minute tests conducted on three successive days, one test a day. The tests differed in the sequence of music genres: rock, country and relaxing music. The analysis considered the mean HR at rest and during the first two and three minutes of the whole sequence of the three music genres, as well as during particular genres: minimum and maximum HR, difference between maximum HR and HR at rest, as well as the time in which HR decreased from the maximum level to the level before music was played. The data were verified by T-Tukey’s test and by ANOVA (GLM) with regard to sex, age group and music test factors. The results show that music played at 80 dB caused a short HR elevation. The level of emotional excitability measured by HR was different for the three music genres. The relaxation music had the mildest effect, the country music acted more strongly, and the influence of the rock music was the strongest. This finding is based on the mean HR for the first two minutes of a music test, extreme HR, difference between maximum HR and HR at rest, as well as the time in which HR decreased from the maximum level to the level before music was played. Differences in reactions of the horses to music were related to their sex and, to a smaller degree, their age.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of dialyzer reuse by manual reprocessing: an observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3047
Author(s):  
Mahim Mittal ◽  
Anoop K. Singh ◽  
Sudheer Yadav ◽  
Shilpa U. V.
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Manual ◽  
Urea Reduction Ratio

Background: Haemodialysis is the main form of RRT in the patients of CKD. Haemodialysis is a costly procedure and is not afforded by many. Reuse of components of Haemodialysis circuit helps in reducing cost but may be associated with decreased efficacy and side effects.Methods: Prospective observational study. Manual reprocessing of dialyzer was done with either formaldehyde or peracetic acid. Single brand (Fresenius) dialyzer were used across all patients. Dialysis efficacy was calculated by URR and side effect and toxicity monitored in a predefined proforma.Results: A total 50 patients were studied (39 male and 11 female) with age ranging from 31-60 years. The mean urea reduction ratio after four dialysis session with the same dialyzer was 62.93% which is below KDOQI recommendation. The findings in our study suggest that URR was adequate upto three session of haemodialysis by reprocessed dialyzer but not beyond that. The choice of chemical for reprocessing did not affect the efficacy. As compared to F6 dialyze F8 dialyzer had better initial URR and this was maintained upto fourth reuse. Serum albumin levels correlated with the fall in efficacy of dialyzers. There were no significant complications of reuse of dialyzers across both methods of reprocessing and there was no dialyzer first use syndrome.Conclusions: ESRD affects a younger age group in our country. Use of large membrane area results in better efficacy. Dialyzer reuse with manual reprocessing is safe and also effective upto third and fourth use. Dialyzer reuse is associated with economic benefits.

scholarly journals Measurement of Insall Salvati ratio and modified Insall Salvati ratio to assess the position of the patella in South Indian population

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar C. ◽  
Ganesan G. Ram
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiological Assessment ◽  
Patella Baja ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
The Mean

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong><span lang="EN-IN">This is an observational study that was carried out to find the mean Insall Salvati ratio and modified Insall Salvati ratio in people coming to outpatient department requiring radiograph of knee joint..</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Radiological assessment of 200 knees which included 100 men and 100 women above the age group of 18,in a period of 6 months for which Insall Salvati and modified Insall Salvati ratio were calculated.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The mean Insall Salvati ratio was calculated to be 0.805 and the mean modified Insall Salvati ratio was 0.605 in South Indian.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the above study i conclude that majority of South Indian population had patella baja with female predominance<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

Anaemia among non‐pregnant women: a community based study in rural area of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201
Author(s):  
S. Maiti ◽  
Kazi Monjur Ali ◽  
Kishalay Jana ◽  
Debidas Ghosh ◽  
Shyamapada Paul
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bodymass Index ◽  
Very High

Anaemia among women is still a public health problem in developing countriesincluding India. A community based, cross Ã¢â‚¬Âsectional study was conductedamong non Ã¢â‚¬Âpregnant women to assess the prevalence of anaemia.The study group was comprised of 528 women between 20 to 49 years fromfour rural blocks located in western parts of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal.The overall mean level of haemoglobin (Hb) was 10.36±1.61 g/dl. Theresults indicated that slightly incensement of the mean values of Hb concentrationwith advancement in age except the age group of 45 Ã¢â‚¬Â49 years. Prevalenceof anaemia (Hb<11.9g/dl) was very high among the participants(79.55%). In all, 16.66% of women had mild (10 Ã¢â‚¬Â11.9g/dl), 61.93% had moderate(7 Ã¢â‚¬Â9.9g/dl) and only 0.94% had severe anaemic (<7g/dl). The highestfrequency(83.14%) of anaemia was observed among age group of 45 Ã¢â‚¬Â49 andlowest(75.94%) in the age group of 25 Ã¢â‚¬Â29 years. Results also reveals thatrural women have higher prevalence of anaemia(52.84%) with low bodymass index (BMI; <18.5kg/m 2) compared to normal or overweight women.Anaemia is a common problem among women in rural sectors of PaschimMedinipur. However, further studies are required to identify the responsiblefactors which are essential for the effective management of anaemia.

scholarly journals ¿Pueden las pruebas de laboratorio y de campo ser complementarias para definir el esfuerzo fisiológico por las rutas de Sierra da Estrella?

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
RF. Bartolomeu ◽  
JA. Bragada ◽  
N. Casanova ◽  
J. Casanova ◽  
MJ. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hiking Trails ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Very High

Introducción: La clasificación actual de las rutas de senderismo utilizando una combinación entre testes de laboratorio y de campo es inexistente. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar una única ruta en una base fisiológica, para dar a los practicantes una visión más profunda sobre las demandas energéticas. Metodología: Veintinueve sujetos experimentaron un sendero de 11 km. La velocidad y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) se monitorizaron continuamente. En un día separado, todos los sujetos se sometieron a una prueba intermitente y progresiva en una cinta de correr para medir tanto la FC como el consumo de oxígeno (VO2). Se calcularon las regresiones lineales entre la FC neta (FCnet) y la %VO2 reserva. Resultados: Los coeficientes de determinación medios fueron muy altos (R2 = 0.98). Los valores medios calculados de %VO2res para esta ruta fueron del 42%. Conclusiones: esta ruta mostró ser adecuada para quienes buscan caminatas de intensidad leve a moderada. Al caminar a diferentes velocidades en esta ruta o en rutas redondas similares, se puede usar la fórmula %VO2res = 0.64 + 0.77 * FCnet para evaluar la intensidad de la caminata. La complementariedad de las pruebas de campo y de laboratorio demostró ser útil y confiable para definir las exigencias energéticas de la caminata. Background: The current classification of the hiking trails using an agreement between lab and field test is inexistent. The aim of this study was to characterize a single route in a physiological basis. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects underwent a 11km hike. The velocity and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously. In a separate day, all subjects underwent a laboratory test to measure both HR and Oxygen uptake (VO2). Linear regressions between net HR (HRnet) vs %VO2 reserve were computed. Results: The mean coefficients of determination were very high (R2=0.98). The calculated %VO2reserve mean values for this route were 42%. Conclusions: This route elicited light-to-moderate intensities. When hiking in this or in similar round routes, the formula %VO2reserve=0.64+0.77*HRnet can be used to assess the hiking intensity. The complementarity of the field and lab tests proved to be useful and reliable in defining the energetic demands of the hike.

scholarly journals A Prospective Noninterventional, Observational Study to Describe the Effectiveness and Safety of Trandolapril and Verapamil Single-Pill Combination in the Management of Patients with Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Harvest TR Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Enver Atalar ◽  
Fatih Eskin ◽  
Haci Bayram Tugtekin ◽  
Alpaslan Karabulut ◽  
Suleyman Kanyilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Single Pill ◽  
The Mean

Maintaining regular blood pressure control usually requires multidrug regimens rather than monotherapy. The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness and safety of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker in a single-tablet combination in patients with hypertension, a heart rate higher than 70 beats/min, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was conducted in Turkey as a prospective, noninterventional, observational study. At 22 clinical sites, the data of 200 patients with hypertension were used for efficacy analysis; however, 262 patients received at least one dose of trandolapril/verapamil fixed-dose combination at two dose strengths. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, PR interval, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and albumin/creatinine ratios were recorded during 8 weeks of treatment. With treatment, the mean (±SD) SBP that was recorded as 162.8 (±14.642) mm Hg at baseline was reduced to 131.7±11.1 mm Hg at week 8 (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean DBP was reduced from 93.76±9.16 mm Hg to 77.6±7.6 mm Hg (p<0.001). Following 8 weeks of treatment, SBP and DBP values were reduced below 140 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg in most patients (81.5%), respectively. The mean heart rate as evaluated using electrocardiography measurements was reduced to 78.25 beats/min at week 8 as compared with baseline during trandolapril/verapamil single-pill combination treatment (p<0.001). Treatment with trandolapril and verapamil was well tolerated over 8 weeks with no unexpected safety signals. In conclusion, the single-pill combination of trandolapril and verapamil was considered effective in reducing and controlling blood pressure in patients with hypertension and T2DM. There was a significant improvement in HbA1c and ACR levels in a smaller subgroup of the patient cohort. The trandolapril/verapamil combination was evaluated as being safe and well-tolerated following a treatment period of 8 weeks. This trial was registered with NCT02298556.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Exercise Intensity of Short Stick Exercises in Elderly Individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shigeki Kurasawa ◽  
Katsushi Yokoi ◽  
Nobuyuki Miyai ◽  
Kouichi Yoshimasu ◽  
Shigeki Takemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required

The present study was to obtain basic data for applying the short stick exercises to frail elderly individuals. A total of 20 individuals aged ≥60 years (10 men, and 10 women) with independence in activities of daily living participated in a short stick exercise program. During the exercise program, the time required and the number of times the short stick was dropped were investigated. The exercise intensity was also evaluated based on expired gas and heart rate measurements. The mean exercise intensity of the short stick exercises was 1.9 ± 0.3 metabolic equivalents (METs), equivalent to talking while standing or walking indoors. Compared to the early elderly (those aged 60 to 74 years), the late elderly (those aged ≥75 years) had a significantly higher number of stick drops and significantly lower increase in heart rate from resting to the warming-up exercise. The short stick exercises had a low exercise intensity and can be applicable to exercise interventions of the frail elderly individuals. However, in the case of the late elderly, the high frequency of short stick drops and the change in heart rate during warming up must be considered.

Heart Rate Responses and Oxygen Consumption during Tai Chi Chuan Practice

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Lan ◽  
Ssu-Yuan Chen ◽  
Jin-Shin Lai ◽  
May-Kuen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breath Measurement

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a popular Chinese conditioning exercise, however, its exercise intensity remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the exercise intensity of Yang TCC by measuring heart rate (HR) responses and oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] during practice. Fifteen men aged 39.9 ± 9.5 yrs (range 26–56 yrs) participated in this study. Subjects had practiced classical Yang TCC for 5.8 ± 2.4 years. HR responses and [Formula: see text] were measured during practice of TCC by using a K4 telemetry system. Blood lactate was measured before and immediately after TCC practice. Additionally, breath-by-breath measurement of cardiorespiratory function and sequential determination of blood lactate were performed during the incremental exercise of leg cycling. Measurements obtained during the TCC practice and exercise testing were compared to determine the exercise intensity of TCC. While performing TCC, the mean HR of subjects was 140 ± 10 bpm, and the mean [Formula: see text] was 21.4 ± 1.5 mL·kg-1min-1. Compared with the data of the exercise test, the HR during practice was 58% of the heart rate range. Meanwhile, the [Formula: see text] during TCC practice was 55% of the [Formula: see text]. Additionally, the level of blood lactate immediately after TCC practice was 3.8 mM, which reflected the level of lactate during TCC, approximated the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). The results demonstrate that TCC is an exercise with moderate intensity, and is aerobic in nature.

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