Sewage impact on shellfish microbial contamination

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pommepuy ◽  
F. Dumas ◽  
M.P. Caprais ◽  
P. Camus ◽  
C. Le Mennec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The Impact

Coastal areas are frequently contaminated by microorganisms of human origin, due to high population density and low seawater renewal. To evaluate the impact of wastewater input on shellfish quality, a study was conducted in Brittany (France) over a period of 20 months. A hydrodynamic model was used to simulate wastewater impact on microbial water quality. To validate the model, wastewater from the three main sewage treatment plants and shellfish from three sites were sampled monthly. Bacterial indicators (E. coli), F-RNA phages were searched for by culture and noroviruses by RT-PCR and hybridisation. These microorganisms were detected in the three effluents and clams, with no marked seasonal variation. The microbial concentrations in the two oyster beds, distant from the effluent outfall, were low, and only three of the samples were positive for norovirus. For simulation, the winter wastewater inputs of E. coli and phages were calculated and an estimation for norovirus flux was made from the epidemic situation in the population. The microbial behaviour was included in the model by a decay-rate factor. Results from the model calculations were found to be very similar to E. coli and phage concentrations observed in shellfish. For noroviruses, the model indicated that shellfish distant from the wastewater input were under the detection limit of the RT-PCR method. This study demonstrated the use of modelisation to interpret norovirus contamination in various areas.

Susceptibility for antibiotics among faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in sewage treated effluents

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. S. AL-Gheethi ◽  
Norli Ismail ◽  
J. Lalung ◽  
Azieda Talib ◽  
A. N. Efaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Faecal Indicators

The objective of this work was to study the prevalence of antibiotic resistance phenotypes among total coliforms (TC), E. coli, E. faecalis and Salmonella spp. in the sewage treated effluents generated from three sewage treatment plants in Penang Malaysia. Among the isolates tested, TC and E. coli occurred high resistance for cephalexin (100 and 90.47%), ampicillin (80.93 and 95.23%) and ciprofloxacin (19.06 and 14.3%) compared to E. faecalis (42.86, 71.4 and 4.7%) and Salmonella spp. (59.8, 47.46 and 14.3%) respectively. All E. coli strains, 76.18% of TC, 66.66% of E. faecalis and 35% of Salmonella spp. were multi-resistant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of multiplex SYBR green real-time PCR assay for detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Ema Komalasari ◽  
Winiati P. Rahayu ◽  
Siti Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Melting Curves ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Method

Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been implicated in a wide range of disease causing infections. It is essential to generate a method for detecting and differentiating each pathotype of E. coli which is more quickly and efficiently by using less reagent. This study aimed to evaluate a SYBR Green multiplex real-time PCR method for detecting four types of pathogenic E. coli. Two of multiplex real-time PCR system, 6-plex and 3-plex, were set to detect six different virulence factors from ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, and EIEC and evaluate the melting curves and specificity compared to simplex method. The results showed that 3-plex rt-PCR method gave more reliable melting curves than 6-plex. The 3-plex rt-PCR also provided similar melting value (Tm) to simplex system. The results of this specificity assay supported the selection of 3-plex rt-PCR conditions for detection of pathogenic E. coli.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of broiler carcasses during slaughter processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Svobodová ◽  
Gabriela Bořilová ◽  
Radka Hulánková ◽  
Iva Steinhauserová
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Processing Steps

Microbial contamination of poultry carcasses can be influenced by many factors during transport and slaughtering. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of four processing steps (plucking, evisceration, washing and chilling) on the total viable counts (TVC), counts ofEscherichia coli,Salmonellaspp. andListeriaspp. incidence on broiler carcasses. A total of 160 broiler carcasses originating from one farm were collected during one year period at a Czech slaughterhouse and examined. Both TVC andE. colicounts decreased during processing from 4.6 log cfu/cm2and 3.5 log cfu/cm2to 3.7 log cfu/cm2and 1.8 log cfu/cm2, respectively, with a major impact of washing on TVC and washing and chilling onE. colidecrease (P< 0.001). BothSalmonellaspp. (6 strains) andListeriaspp. (12 strains, none ofL. monocytogenes) were found sporadically in all processing steps followed. However, a decreasing trend was observed inSalmonellacounts andListeriaspp. incidence during the processing. Thus, this study brings new valuable information on the dynamics of microflora during modern poultry processing.

scholarly journals Distribution and Relationships of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants among Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant or Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Rivers and Sewage Treatment Plants in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972-2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Akiba ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
Akifumi Yamashita ◽  
Makoto Kuroda ◽  
Yuki Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTTo determine the distribution and relationship of antimicrobial resistance determinants among extended-spectrum-cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant or carbapenem-resistantEscherichia coliisolates from the aquatic environment in India, water samples were collected from rivers or sewage treatment plants in five Indian states. A total of 446E. coliisolates were randomly obtained. Resistance to ESC and/or carbapenem was observed in 169 (37.9%)E. coliisolates, which were further analyzed. These isolates showed resistance to numerous antimicrobials; more than half of the isolates exhibited resistance to eight or more antimicrobials. TheblaNDMgene was detected in 14/21 carbapenem-resistantE. coliisolates:blaNDM-1in 2 isolates,blaNDM-5in 7 isolates, andblaNDM-7in 5 isolates. TheblaCTX-Mgene was detected in 112 isolates (66.3%):blaCTX-M-15in 108 isolates andblaCTX-M-55in 4 isolates. We extracted 49 plasmids from selected isolates, and their whole-genome sequences were determined. Fifty resistance genes were detected, and 11 different combinations of replicon types were observed among the 49 plasmids. The network analysis results suggested that the plasmids sharing replicon types tended to form a community, which is based on the predicted gene similarity among the plasmids. Four communities each containing from 4 to 17 plasmids were observed. Three of the four communities contained plasmids detected in different Indian states, suggesting that the interstate dissemination of ancestor plasmids has already occurred. Comparison of the DNA sequences of theblaNDM-positive plasmids detected in this study with known sequences of related plasmids suggested that various mutation events facilitated the evolution of the plasmids and that plasmids with similar genetic backgrounds have widely disseminated in India.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Escherichia coli Found in Sewage Treatment Plants and Environmental Waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5536-5541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Anastasi ◽  
B. Matthews ◽  
H. M. Stratton ◽  
M. Katouli
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

ABSTRACTWe previously demonstrated that someEscherichia colistrains with uropathogenic properties survived treatment stages of sewage treatment plants (STPs), suggesting that they may be released into the environment. We investigated the presence of such strains in the surrounding environmental waters of four STPs from which these persistent strains were isolated. In all, 264E. coliisolates were collected from 129 receiving water sites in a 20-km radius surrounding STPs. We also included 93E. colistrains collected from 18 animal species for comparison. Isolates were typed using a high-resolution biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhPlate system), and grouped into common (C) types. One hundred forty-seven (56%) environmental isolates were identical to strains found in STPs' final effluents. Of these, 140 (95%) carried virulence genes (VGs) associated with intestinal pathogenicE. coli(IPEC) or uropathogenicE. coli(UPEC) and were found in a variety of sites within areas sampled. Of the remaining 117 environmental strains not identical to STP strains, 105 belonged to 18 C types and 102 of them carried VGs found among IPEC or UPEC strains. These strains belonged mainly to phylogenetic groups A (A0 and A1) and B1 and to a lesser extent B22, B23, D1, and D2. Eight of 18 environmental C types, comprising 50 isolates, were also identical to bird strains. The presence of a high percentage of environmentalE. coliin waters near STPs carrying VGs associated with IPEC and UPEC suggests that they may have derived from STP effluents and other nonpoint sources.

scholarly journals Contamination of Fresh Produce by Microbial Indicators on Farms and in Packing Facilities: Elucidation of Environmental Routes

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith E. Bartz ◽  
Jacquelyn Sunshine Lickness ◽  
Norma Heredia ◽  
Anna Fabiszewski de Aceituno ◽  
Kira L. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Indicators ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Composite Samples

ABSTRACT To improve food safety on farms, it is critical to quantify the impact of environmental microbial contamination sources on fresh produce. However, studies are hampered by difficulties achieving study designs with powered sample sizes to elucidate relationships between environmental and produce contamination. Our goal was to quantify, in the agricultural production environment, the relationship between microbial contamination on hands, soil, and water and contamination on fresh produce. In 11 farms and packing facilities in northern Mexico, we applied a matched study design: composite samples (n = 636, equivalent to 11,046 units) of produce rinses were matched to water, soil, and worker hand rinses during two growing seasons. Microbial indicators (coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and somatic coliphage) were quantified from composite samples. Statistical measures of association and correlations were calculated through Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and logistic regression models. The concentrations of all microbial indicators were positively correlated between produce and hands (ρ range, 0.41 to 0.75; P < 0.01). When E. coli was present on hands, the handled produce was nine times more likely to contain E. coli (P < 0.05). Similarly, when coliphage was present on hands, the handled produce was eight times more likely to contain coliphage (P < 0.05). There were relatively low concentrations of indicators in soil and water samples, and a few sporadic significant associations were observed between contamination of soil and water and contamination of produce. This methodology provides a foundation for future field studies, and results highlight the need for interventions surrounding farmworker hygiene and sanitation to reduce microbial contamination of farmworkers' hands. IMPORTANCE This study of the relationships between microbes on produce and in the farm environment can be used to support the design of targeted interventions to prevent or reduce microbial contamination of fresh produce with associated reductions in foodborne illness.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in sewage treatment plants of South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerabham Praveenkumarreddy ◽  
Masato Akiba ◽  
Keerthi Siri Guruge ◽  
Keshava Balakrishna ◽  
Kalwaje Eshwara Vandana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South India ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Antibiotics received by sewage treatment plants may be the causative factor in spreading antibiotic resistance bacteria in the aquatic environment. The current study investigates the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in four sewage treatment plants (STPs) in South India receiving hospital and domestic wastewater in different proportions. A total of 221 E. coli isolates were checked for antimicrobial resistance against 16 antimicrobials. Among the antimicrobials tested, ampicillin (AMP) and cefazolin (CFZ) showed resistance between 20% and 90%, nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) showed resistance between 15% and 75% and chloramphenicol (CHL) showed resistance between 2% and 20%. Based on the observations, there is no significant difference between the wastewater inlet and outlet, suggesting that treatment process was not effective in reducing the resistance. In conclusion, the trends of antimicrobial resistance pattern show that the levels of resistance were slightly higher in hospital wastewater than domestic wastewater. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in hospital wastewaters and sewage treatment plants in Queensland, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aycan Gündoğdu ◽  
Amy V. Jennison ◽  
Helen V. Smith ◽  
Helen Stratton ◽  
Mohammad Katouli
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Inti Gene ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in untreated hospital wastewaters and 2 sewage treatment plants (STPs). A collection of 252 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from hospital wastewater and STPs were typed and tested for resistance to 17 antimicrobial agents and for the presence of integron-associated integrases (intI gene) and ESBL genes. Eighty-nine percent (n = 176) of the ESBL-producing E. coli strains from hospital wastewater were found in more than 1 sample (common types), with 1 common type accounting for 35% of isolates, found in all samples. These strains were also resistant to up to 9 non-β-lactam antibiotics and showed the same pattern of resistance in all samples. More than 73% of the hospital wastewater isolates possessed SHV-type ESBL as opposed to isolates from STPs that carried only CTX-M-type ESBL genes. The prevalence of the intI gene did not differ between the sources of the isolates. Certain ESBL-producing E. coli were dominant in hospital wastewaters. These strains possessed β-lactamase genes that were different from isolates found in STPs. From a public health point of view, the presence of such a high level of ESBL-producing E. coli strains in hospital wastewaters is of great importance.

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