Increasing the capacity for treatment of chemical plant wastewater by replacing existing suspended carrier media with Kaldnes Moving Bed(tm) media at a plant in Singapore

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Wessman ◽  
E. Yan Yuegen ◽  
Q. Zheng ◽  
G. He ◽  
T. Welander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
L 51 ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Suspended Carrier ◽  
Final Effluent

The Kaldnes biomedia K1, which is used in the patented Kaldnes Moving Bed(tm) biofilm process, has been tested along with other types of biofilm carriers for biological pretreatment of a complex chemical industry wastewater. The main objective of the test was to find a biofilm carrier that could replace the existing suspended carrier media and at the same time increase the capacity of the existing roughing filter-activated sludge plant by 20% or more. At volumetric organic loads of 7.1 kg COD/m3/d the Kaldnes Moving Bed™ process achieved much higher removal rates and much lower effluent concentrations than roughing filters using other carriers. The Kaldnes roughing stage achieved more than 85% removal of organic carbon and more than 90% removal of BOD5 at the tested organic load, which was equivalent to a specific biofilm surface area load of 24 g COD/m2/d. Even for the combined roughing filter-activated sludge process, the Kaldnes carriers outperformed the other carriers, with 98% removal of organic carbon and 99.6% removal of BOD5. The Kaldnes train final effluent concentrations were only 22 mg FOC/L and 7 mg BOD5/L. Based on the successful pilot testing, the full-scale plant was upgraded with Kaldnes Moving Bed™ roughing filters. During normal operation the upgraded plant has easily met the discharge limits of 100 mg COD/L and 50 mg SS/L. For the month of September 2002, with organic loads between 100 and 115% of the design load for the second half of the month, average effluent concentrations were as low as 9 mg FOC/L, 51 mg COD/L and 12 mg SS/L.

A three-stage biofiltration process: performances of a pilot plant

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
P. Chudoba ◽  
R. Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Final Effluent

A three-stage biological aerated filter (BAF) pilot plant has been run, fed with a mechanically pre-treated municipal wastewater. The pilot plant consisted of a physico-chemical lamella sedimentation unit for suspended solids removal and soluble phosphorus precipitation, followed by three stages of up-flow biofilters: a BAF C for organic carbon removal, a BAF N for nitrification and a biological anoxic filter (BaF DN) for post-denitrification with methanol as an external organic carbon source. The main objective of the experiments was to study the process limits of this pilot plant under overloading conditions, and to evaluate the time necessary for recovery of normal operation after a period of strong overloading. The pilot plant was first operated at a nominal wastewater flow rate of 12 m3/h (according to previous conventional design rules for first generation of up-flow BAF), which was progressively increased up to 25 m3/h, a maximum value still enabling us to achieve the final effluent standards. Beyond this flow rate, a high organic carbon load applied to the BAF C was only partially removed by this filter, the rest had to be eliminated in the BAF N unit. Consequently, the factor directly limiting the tested pilot plant was the COD overloading of the BAF C, which indirectly influenced the nitrification in the BAF N. The maximum applied load eliminated by the pilot plant, at a wastewater flow rate of 25 m3/h, was 2 times higher than the nominal applied load at a wastewater flow rate of 12 m3/h. In the second experimental period, short-term strong overloadings were applied to the pilot plant operating in steady state conditions at a nominal flow rate, and the limiting process parameters were detected. A lower short-term overloading (32 m3/h = 2.66 times the nominal flow rate) had no effect on the quality of the final effluent, and different filters were able to remove short-term loadings as high as 25 kg COD/m3.d (BAF C), 1.6 kg NH4-N/m3.d (BAF N) and 3.2 kg NO3-N/m3.d (BaF DN). These loadings represent respectively 1.33 times the maximum applied load found in the first set of experiments and 2.66 times the nominal load at a wastewater flow rate of 12 m3/h. A higher short-term overloading (40 m3/h = 3.33 times the nominal flow rate) led to the same consequences as in the first period: a high organic load (up to 32 kg COD/m3.d for the BAF C) was partially removed in the BAF N, decreasing thus its nitrification capacity. The recovery of normal operation after the period of overloading was almost immediate. This study showed that it is very important to maintain the specific populations in separate reactors, in order to reduce the competition between different bacterial species and to enable the microorganisms to grow under optimal conditions. The tested treatment configuration is particularly suited for treating peak flow with high removal rates.

Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Sequencing Batch Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Helness ◽  
H. Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Experiments have been carried out with biological phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch moving bed biofilm reactor (SBMBBR) with a plastic biofilm carrier (Kaldnes) suspended in the wastewater. The aim of the research leading to this paper was to evaluate biological phosphorus removal in this type of biofilm process. Biological phosphorus removal can be achieved in a moving bed biofilm reactor operated as a sequencing batch reactor. In order to achieve good and stable phosphorus removal over time, the length of the anaerobic period should be tuned to achieve near complete removal of easily biodegradable COD in the anaerobic period. The total COD-loading rate must at the same time be kept high enough to achieve a net growth of biomass in the reactor. Use of multivariate models based on UV-absorption spectra and measurements of the redox potential show potential for control of such a process.

Treatment of Tannery Wastewater and Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Rech ◽  
Caroline Agustini ◽  
Mariliz Gutterres
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Moving Bed

Abstract:: The leather industry is a fundamental sector, especially in countries with highly developed livestock as they use rawhide to produce high-value leather products. The leather-making process uses different chemicals and is a source of environmental pollution if the wastewater is not properly treated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze a Moving- Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) as a new technology for the biological treatment of tannery wastewater. This system incorporates benefits provided by suspended growth systems, which are already consolidated in treating wastewater, including activated sludge and the advantage of growth adhered to biocarriers that have a large surface area. Therefore, incorporating activated sludge into MBBR enables the removal of both organic and nitrogen pollutants. Studies have shown that MBBR treatment efficiency depends on biocarrier surface area, composition, texture, and reactor operating conditions, such as filling fraction, hydraulic retention time, dissolved oxygen, and volumetric organic load.

Post-denitrification using alginate beads containing organic carbon and activated sludge microorganisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1626-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilawar Farhan Shams ◽  
Alexandre Rubio ◽  
Panagiotis Elefsiniotis ◽  
Naresh Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Calcium Tartrate ◽  
Final Effluent

Nitrate concentration in the final effluent is a key issue in pre-denitrification biological treatment systems. This study investigated post-denitrification with alginate beads containing immobilized activated sludge microorganisms and organic carbon source. A batch study was first performed to identify suitable carbon sources among acetate, glucose, calcium tartrate, starch and canola oil on the basis of nitrate removal and bead stability. Canola oil and starch beads exhibited significantly higher denitrification rates, greater bead stability and lower nitrite accumulation (6 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively). Glucose and acetate beads showed longer acclimation phases and degraded faster whereas tartrate beads had higher nitrite build-up (39 mg/L) and degraded due to brittleness. Post-denitrification with canola oil and starch beads was investigated in the final clarifier of a coupled upflow bioreactor and aerobic system treating synthetic dairy farm wastewater, and showed a denitrification efficiency of >90%. Beads faded in 12 days due to alginate degradation. Therefore, enhancement in bead strength or use of more stable nontoxic gel would be required to further prolong the treatment. Moreover, this study was conducted at laboratory scale and further research is needed for application in real systems.

Pilot-scale comparison of thermophilic aerobic suspended carrier biofilm process and activated sludge process in pulp and paper mill effluent treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Suvilampi ◽  
J.A. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Suspended Carrier

Thermophilic aerobic treatment of settled pulp and paper mill effluent was studied under mill premises with two comparative pilot processes; suspended carrier biofilm process (SCBP) and activated sludge process (ASP). Full-scale mesophilic activated sludge process was a reference treatment. During the runs (61 days) hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were kept 13 ± 5 h and 16 ± 6 h for SCBP and ASP, respectively. Corresponding volumetric loadings rates (VLR) were 2.7 ± 0.9 and 2.2 ± 1.0 kg CODfilt m-3d-1. Temperatures varied between 46 to 60°C in both processes. Mesophilic ASP was operated with HRT of 36 h, corresponding VLR of 0.7 kg CODfilt m-3d-1. Both SCBP and ASP achieved CODfilt (GF/A filtered) removals up to 85%, while the mesophilic ASP removal was 89 ± 2%. NTU values were markedly higher (100-300) in thermophilic effluents than in mesophilic effluent (30). Effluent turbidity was highly dependent on temperature; in batch experiment mesophilic effluent sample had NTU values of 30 and 60 at 35°C and 55°C, respectively. As a conclusion, both thermophilic treatments gave high CODfilt removals, which were close to mesophilic process removal and were achieved with less than half of HRT.

A new low-cost biofilm carrier for the treatment of municipal wastewater in a moving bed reactor

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Orantes ◽  
S. González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biofilm Carrier

The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor has proven to be an efficient system in wastewater treatment and has become a viable solution for small treatment plants. The main objective of this research was to analyse the performance of a moving bed reactor using low-cost local material when fed with municipal wastewater. A pilot reactor with a total volume of 900 litres was built and it was fed continuously with municipal wastewater. The operation of the system was adjusted to six different organic loading rates. The biofilm carrier was polyethylene tubing with internal diameter of 1.1 cm, cut into pieces of 1.2 cm. The tested material offered a specific surface area of 590 m2/m3. Air was provided with a fine-bubble diffuser. The main results show that the reactor performance was stable and predictable. The COD removal confidently behaves according to a general hyperbolic kinetic equation. The maximal total COD removal attained was 81%. Nitrification was observed only for organic loads with values under 5.7 gCOD/m2·d. Good adherence of the microorganisms was observed for the applied organic loading rates. After several months of operation, the material showed no signs of abrasion or deformation. The sludge production behaved linearly with the organic load reaching 979 gTSS/d with the highest organic load of 35.7 gCOD/m2·d. The amount of microorganisms attached to the carrier increased with the organic load tending to an asymptotical maximal value of 17.3 g/m2 (as dry solids). Mean cellular retention times from 2.0 to 23.1 days were determined.

Biological pretreatment of a chemical plant wastewater in high-rate moving bed biofilm reactors

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Rusten ◽  
Chandler H. Johnson ◽  
Steve Devall ◽  
Dennis Davoren ◽  
Bryan S. Cashion
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Process Combination ◽  
Final Effluent

The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), where the biomass is attached to small plastic carrier elements that move freely along with the water in the reactors, has been tested for biological pretreatment of a complex chemical industry wastewater. The MBBRs were tested at organic loads up to 53 g BOD5/m2d and always removed the easily biodegradable BOD fraction, ranging from about 60 to 80%. At organic loads from 10 to 20 g BOD5/m2d slowly biodegradable organic matter was also metabolized, sometimes removing more than 95% BOD5. After polishing in an activated sludge unit, the final effluent had an average concentration of only 3.4 mg filtered BOD5/l. With a very high specific biofilm surface area, MBBRs followed by activated sludge offer a compact process combination for complete biological treatment of chemical industry wastewaters.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK DENGAN ANOKSIK-AEROBIK MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (STUDI KASUS: PENYISIHAN AMONIA DAN KARBON DALAM AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berliana C. Ningtias ◽  
Setyo S. Moersidik ◽  
Cindy R. Priadi ◽  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Biofilm Process

Domestic wastewater contains high organic carbon and ammonium concentration which can be treated by moving bed biofilm process. It is a biologycal hybrid between attached and suspended growth process. The purposes of this research were to determine the removal percentage of organic carbon and ammonium concentration in domestic wastewater, and to investigate optimum hydraulic residence time. Experiment was carried out in a laboratory scale to study the combine anoxic and an aerobic reactor condition. The treatment process is preceeded by a 4-week seeding process continued with variation of hydraulic residence time. Based on these results, the removal percentage of COD for each hydraulic residence time of 12, 16, and 20 hours were 75,7%; 83,7%; and 91,0%, the removal percentage of ammonium were 79,4%; 91,0%; and 92,3%. The optimum hydraulic residence time in removing organic carbon and ammonium concentration domestic wastewater using anoxic aerobic MBB is 20 hours. This biological hybrid treatment can be an alternative to remove organic carbon and ammonium in domestic wastewater. Keyword: domestic wastewater, ammonium removal, organic carbon removal, moving bed biofilm reactor

The Effect of Metallic and Ionic Species on the Performance of a Biological Effluent Treatment System

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
B. Volesky ◽  
Q. Samak ◽  
P. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Review of the available results appearing in the recent literature is presented focusing particularly upon the effects of metallic ions such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, V, Zn, Ni and Co. Some original data involving the effects of Na are presented and discussed. Development of parameters used in evaluating the influence of toxic or inhibitory species on the mixed microbial population of an activated sludge system is of crucial importance and different techniques employed such as BOD-COD-TOC-removal rates, Oxygen Uptake Rate, and others are discussed, showing relative inadequacy of currently applied assays. From the data available, certain trends can be discerned. There is a definite threshold concentration for each metallic ion, depending on the organic load of the feed. In the order of increasing toxicity to activated sludge systems reflected in lower BOD removals the following metals have been listed as inhibiting factors at concentrations starting from 1 ppm applied on a continuous basis: hexavalent chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper and nickel. Metals in combination have not been reported to exhibit any significantly different effects as compared to those observed with individually introduced metallic ions. Tolerance of some activated sludge systems to shock loadings by various inorganic ions and metals is reviewed. The conclusions are of particular importance for estimating the performance of biox systems handling industrial effluents which are likely to contain toxic components of inorganic or metallic nature.

Parameters for Measuring the Activity and Viability of Activated Sludge

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Nutt ◽  
K.L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Activated Sludge System

Abstract Conventional wastewater parameters are accepted as inadequate estimates of the condition of activated sludge but numerous other indices have been suggested as specific measurements of the activity and viability of the biomass. Literature in the related fields of microbiology and biochemistry were reviewed in order to select the most appropriate activity parameters for application to a heterogeneous biological material. Modified analytical methods were applied to a well-controlled biological system containing a single predominant bacterial species to evaluate the relative merit of each as an indicator of viability and activity. The potential of each parameter in a complex heterogeneous system was determined by monitoring each index in a bench activated sludge system. The predominant culture studies indicated that the ATP content of the biomass and the dehydrogenase activity were potential indicators of cell viability in a simple system. However, in the complex activated sludge system, only the ATP content showed significant correlation to the organic carbon removal rate.

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