Constructed wetlands in UK urban surface drainage systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Shutes ◽  
J.B. Ellis ◽  
D.M. Revitt ◽  
L.N.L. Scholes
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk

This paper presents the outcome of an inventory of planted wetland systems in the UK which are classified according to land use type and are all examples of sustainable drainage systems. The introduction of constructed wetlands to treat surface runoff essentially followed a 1997 Environment Agency for England and Wales report advocating the use of “soft engineered” facilities including wetlands in the context of sustainable development and Agenda 21. Subsequently published reports by the UK Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) have promoted the potential benefits to both developer and the community of adopting constructed wetlands and other vegetated systems as a sustainable drainage approach. In addition, the UK Environment Agency and Highways Agency (HA) have recently published their own design criteria and requirements for vegetative control and treatment of road runoff. A case study of the design and performance of a constructed wetland system for the treatment of road runoff is discussed. The performance of these systems will be assessed in terms of their design criteria, runoff loadings as well as vegetation and structure maintenance procedures. The differing design approaches in guidance documents published in the UK by the Environment Agency, CIRIA and HA will also be evaluated.

OSH at Trinidad and Tobago's Fingertips

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Nathai-Balkissoon ◽  
Kit Fai Pun
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Media Types ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk

As Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) embraces the digital age, one field in which the country must advance is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). This paper seeks to identify how T&T's Occupational Safety and Health Agency (TTOSHA) addresses e-government (e-gov) through its website, how its approach compares to those used by leading OSH bodies in two first-world countries, the USA (US) and the UK, and how the T&T approach may be improved. The OSH e-gov practices of the US OSHA, UK HSE, and TTOSHA websites are presented. Through a content analysis and comparison exercise, e-gov shortcomings of the TTOSHA site are noted and recommendations for improvement are proposed. The paper's potential benefits include improved accessibility and utility of the TTOSHA site through improved matching of site content to international practice, broader ranges of resource topics and media types, improved responsiveness and connectivity with stakeholders, and better focus on OSH performance through the dissemination of searchable OSH statistics and performance reports.

The Constructed Wetland Association UK database of constructed wetland systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Design Construction

There are now more than 1,000 constructed wetland systems (CWs) in the UK. The first UK CW database was constructed by Water Research Centre (WRc) and Severn Trent Water Ltd to accompany a book on the design and performance of these systems. In that database, constructed by Gareth Job et al. (1996), only 154 beds were listed, most of which were tertiary sewage treatment sites in Severn Trent Water. The Constructed Wetland Association (CWA) was formed in 2000 as a UK water industry body in response to problems caused by unscrupulous constructors. A group of experienced, reputable designers and constructors formed the CWA to bring together best UK practice in order to counteract this problem. The group contains major water companies, designers, constructors, academics, plant growers and operators. They decided that one of the best ways of countering the problem was to assemble a database of design and performance from well-designed systems. After negotiation the CWA group took over responsibility for the database from WRc. The CWA has produced eight updates of the database which now contains information from more than 900 beds. It contains examples of the different variants of CWs in use in the UK. Most of these sites treat sewage/domestic wastewater but the database also includes examples of systems for the treatment of minewater, sludge, landfill leachate, industrial effluents, surface runoff and road runoff. Particular treatment applications are illustrated by case studies which are summary articles describing design, construction and performance.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS): Interventions, Impacts and Challenges

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3160
Author(s):  
Sarah Cotterill ◽  
Louise J. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) can be a key tool in the management of extremes of rainfall, due to their capacity to attenuate and treat surface water. Yet, implementation is a complex process, requiring buy-in from multiple stakeholders. Buy-in is often undermined by a lack of practical evidence and monitoring of implemented SuDS. In this paper, we present a collaborative case study between a local authority, university and the UK Environment Agency. This partnership approach enabled the installation of SuDS and monitoring equipment to address surface runoff in the north east of England. Ultrasonic sensors were installed in the drainage network to evaluate the attenuation of surface water. SuDS were installed during an atypically wet spring, followed by a hot and dry summer, providing a range of conditions to assess their performance. Results demonstrate that there was a statistically significant difference in the detected flow level in manholes downstream of the SuDS interventions. Several challenges occurred, from signal obstacles in wireless telecommunication services, to logistical constraints of installing sensors in the drainage network, and issues with the adoption of property level SuDS. These issues require further research. Qualitative support for partnership working was crucial to increase the capacity for delivering SuDS. To ensure the success of future schemes and likelihood of SuDS uptake, partnership working and engaging with communities is vital.

scholarly journals Constructed wetland systems in the UK - the CWA database resource

2007 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Peter Randerson ◽  
Paul Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
New Members ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Pollutant Reduction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Design Construction

There are now believed to be more than 1,200 Constructed Wetland systems (CWs) in theUK. The Constructed Wetland Association (CWA) was formed in 1999 by a group ofexperienced, reputable designers and constructors to bring together best UK practice. CWA isnow responsible for a database of design and performance relating to a range of systems (bedtypes and applications), which now contains information from more than 1,000 beds. CWAmembers are encouraged to contribute data to the database, which has been updated 9 timessince it was first created in 1999. Most of these sites treat sewage/domestic wastewater but thedatabase also includes examples of systems for the treatment of minewater, sludge, landfillleachate, industrial effluents, surface runoff and road runoff. Particular treatment applicationsare illustrated by Case Studies, summary articles describing design, construction andperformance, For beds with data on influent and effluent concentrations and flow rates, theuser can fit four alternative models, to derive reaction rate constants (K), enabling somedegree of quantitative comparison of the pollutant reduction performance for different systemdesigns. Access to the database is the main benefit of CWA membership: new members fromoutside UK are welcome (www.constructedwetland.org).

An exploratory study of intangibles risk disclosure in annual reports of banking companies from the UK, US, Germany and Italy - Some descriptive insights

2013 ◽  
pp. 81-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Durst
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Uk

Intangibles are viewed as the key drivers in most industries, and current research shows that firms voluntarily disclose information about their investments in intangibles and their potential benefits. Yet little is known of the risks relating to such resources and the disclosures firms make about such risks. In order to obtain a more balanced and complete picture of firms' activities, information about the risky side of their intangibles is also needed. This exploratory study provides some descriptive insights into intangibles-related risk disclosure in a sample of 16 large banks from the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Germany and Italy. Annual report data is analyzed using the three Intellectual Capital dimensions. Study findings illustrate the variety of intangibles-related risk disclosure as demonstrated by the banks involved.

scholarly journals Food Choice Decisions of Collegiate Division I Athletes: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2322
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Eck ◽  
Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Division I ◽  
Iron Protein ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Division I Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Professionals

Limited research has examined athletes’ food and health beliefs and decisions and the congruence of these decisions with recommendations from nutrition professionals. This study aimed to improve understanding of athletes’ food-related beliefs and practices to enable nutrition professionals to more effectively enhance performance while protecting athletes’ health. Division I college athletes (n = 14, 64% female) from a variety of sports were recruited to participate in 20-min semi-structured phone interviews about food and nutrition-related behaviors and cognitions. Data were content analyzed to identify themes and trends. Prominent factors influencing athletes’ food choices were potential benefits to health and performance, availability of foods, and recommendations from sports dietitians. Foods commonly consumed by athletes, including fruits, vegetables, and lean protein, were generally healthy and aligned with sports nutrition recommendations. Athletes avoided energy-dense nutrient-poor foods, such as fast food and fried foods, with the goal of improving performance. Some athletes took supplements (i.e., multivitamin, iron, protein) on the premise that they would improve health and enhance performance or recovery. While athletes’ nutrition behaviors are generally congruent with current recommendations, findings highlighted misconceptions held by athletes related to the benefits of some supplements and the belief that packaged/processed foods were inherently less healthy than other options. Nutrition misconceptions held by athletes and incongruities between athletes’ nutrition knowledge and behaviors suggest that dietitians should aim to dispel misconceptions held by athletes and provide additional guidance and information to support athletes’ current healthful behaviors to ensure these behaviors extend beyond their college athletic career.

scholarly journals Our Evolving Understanding of ME/CFS

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Friedman ◽  
Modra Murovska ◽  
Derek F. H. Pheby ◽  
Paweł Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Active Phase ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Patient Organizations ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Uk

The potential benefits of the scientific insights gleaned from years of treating ME/CFS for the emerging symptoms of COVID-19, and in particular Longhaul- or Longhauler-COVID-19 are discussed in this opinion article. Longhaul COVID-19 is the current name being given to the long-term sequelae (symptoms lasting beyond 6 weeks) of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple case definitions for ME/CFS exist, but post-exertional malaise (PEM) is currently emerging as the ‘hallmark’ symptom. The inability to identify a unique trigger of ME/CFS, as well as the inability to identify a specific, diagnostic laboratory test, led many physicians to conclude that the illness was psychosomatic or non-existent. However, recent research in the US and the UK, championed by patient organizations and their use of the internet and social media, suggest underlying pathophysiologies, e.g., oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The similarity and overlap of ME/CFS and Longhaul COVID-19 symptoms suggest to us similar pathological processes. We put forward a unifying hypothesis that explains the precipitating events such as viral triggers and other documented exposures: For their overlap in symptoms, ME/CFS and Longhaul COVID-19 should be described as Post Active Phase of Infection Syndromes (PAPIS). We further propose that the underlying biochemical pathways and pathophysiological processes of similar symptoms are similar regardless of the initiating trigger. Exploration of the biochemical pathways and pathophysiological processes should yield effective therapies for these conditions and others that may exhibit these symptoms. ME/CFS patients have suffered far too long. Longhaul COVD-19 patients should not be subject to a similar fate. We caution that failure to meet the now combined challenges of ME/CFS and Longhaul COVID-19 will impose serious socioeconomic as well as clinical consequences for patients, the families of patients, and society as a whole.

scholarly journals Selected implications of a hyper-connected world on pavement engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-678
Author(s):  
Wynand Jacobus van der Merwe Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Pavement Engineering ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lifecycle Management

AbstractThe world is becoming a hyper-connected environment where an abundance of data from sensor networks can provide continuous information on the behaviour and performance of infrastructure. The last part of the 3rd Industrial Revolution (IR) and the start of the 4th IR gave rise to a world where this overabundance of sensors, and availability of wireless networks enables connections between people and infrastructure that was not practically comprehensible during the 20th century. 4IR supports the datafication of life, data science, big data, transportation evolution, optimization of logistic and supply chains and automation of various aspects of life, including vehicles and road infrastructure. The hyper-connected 4IR environment allows integration between the physical world and digital and intelligent engineering, increasingly serving as the primary lifecycle management systems for engineering practitioners. With this background, the paper evaluates a few concepts of the hyper-connected pavement environment in a 4IR Digital Twin mode, with the emphasis on selected applications, implications, benefits and limitations. The hyper-connected world can and should be managed in the pavement realm to ensure that adequate and applicable data are collected regarding infrastructure, environment and users to enable a more efficient and effective transportation system. In this regard, and planning for future scenarios where the proliferation of data is a given, it is important that pavement engineers understand what is possible, evaluate the potential benefits, conduct cost/benefit evaluations, and implement appropriate solutions to ensure longevity and safety of pavement infrastructure.

scholarly journals First-of-a-kind muography for nuclear waste characterization

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2137) ◽  
pp. 20180048 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mahon ◽  
Anthony Clarkson ◽  
Simon Gardner ◽  
David Ireland ◽  
Ramsey Jebali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
Waste Container ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

In the last decade, there has been a surge in the number of academic research groups and commercial companies exploiting naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons for imaging purposes in a range of industrial and geological applications. Since 2009, researchers at the University of Glasgow and the UK National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) have pioneered this technique for the characterization of shielded nuclear waste containers with significant investment from the UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Sellafield Ltd. Lynkeos Technology Ltd. was formed in 2016 to commercialize the Muon Imaging System (MIS) technology that resulted from this industry-funded academic research. The design, construction and performance of the Lynkeos MIS is presented along with first experimental and commercial results. The high-resolution images include the identification of small fragments of uranium within a surrogate 500-litre intermediate level waste container and metal inclusions within thermally treated GeoMelt® R&D Product Samples. The latter of these are from Lynkeos' first commercial contract with the UK National Nuclear Laboratory. The Lynkeos MIS will be deployed at the NNL Central Laboratory facility on the Sellafield site in Summer 2018 where it will embark upon a series of industry trials. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.

A study of factors which influence the job satisfaction of stockpeople on commercial pig farms

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
R C Segundo ◽  
P R English ◽  
G Burgess ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
O MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Farm Livestock

The role of stockmanship in relation to the wellbeing of farm animals has been emphasised in the UK Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of Farm Livestock (MAFF, 1983). Moreover, previous research work has demonstrated important effects of good and bad stockmanship not only on welfare but also on growth, lactational and reproductive performance of pigs and other farm livestock (Hemsworth et al, 1987). There is a need, therefore, to establish the factors which motivate and demotivate stockpeople since the degree of job satisfaction is likely to have a considerable influence on the attitude and performance of stockpeople and on their empathy with the animals in their care. With this objective in mind, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the aspects which could have an influence on the job satisfaction of the stockpeople involved in pig production.

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