Changes in isotope ratios during domestic wastewater production

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P.S. Schilperoort ◽  
H.A.J. Meijer ◽  
C.M.L. Flamink ◽  
F.H.L.R. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Isotope Method ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Large Heterogeneity

This paper presents considerations for the application of the natural water isotope method on catchment areas. For the estimation of the amount of infiltration and inflow in sewer systems the paper shows two applications in the Netherlands: one successful application on a relatively small catchment area with a simple geo-hydrological groundwater system and one unsuccessful application in an area that shows a large heterogeneity of δ18O values in groundwater. Also, the paper focuses on the validity of the assumption that the isotopic ratios of drinking water are equal to those of strict domestic wastewater. In the transition from drinking water to strict wastewater it is shown that changes in isotopic composition of the water due to evaporation in common household appliances and effects inside the human body are insignificant. However, the presence of high-efficiency condensing boilers in an area can significantly influence the δ18O value of strict wastewater, especially in winter months. This effect should be taken into account when applying the isotope method in such areas.

Assessment of runoff contributing catchment areas in rainfall runoff modelling

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thorndahl ◽  
C. Johansen ◽  
K. Schaarup-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Essential Parameter

In numerical modelling of rainfall caused runoff in urban sewer systems an essential parameter is the hydrological reduction factor which defines the percentage of the impervious area contributing to the surface flow towards the sewer. As the hydrological processes during a rainfall are difficult to determine with significant precision the hydrological reduction factor is implemented to account all hydrological losses except the initial loss. This paper presents an inconsistency between calculations of the hydrological reduction factor, based on measurements of rainfall and runoff, and till now recommended literature values for residential areas. It is proven by comparing rainfall-runoff measurements from four different residential catchments that the literature values of the hydrological reduction factor are over-estimated for this type of catchment. In addition, different catchment descriptions are presented in order to investigate how the hydrological reduction factor depends on the level of detail regarding the catchment description. When applying a total survey of the catchment area, including all possible impervious surfaces, a hydrological reduction factor of approximately 0.5 for residential areas with mainly detached houses is recommended–contrary to the literature recommended values of 0.7–0.9.

Is Water-harvesting in Valley Floors a Viable Option for Increasing Cereal Production in Highland Balochistan, Pakistan?

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodríguez ◽  
N. A. Shah ◽  
M. Afzal ◽  
U. Mustafa ◽  
I. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Water Catchment

SUMMARYPreparation of small catchment areas on rainfed valley floor soils in highland Balochistan, Pakistan, is a low-cost method of generating run-off and increasing crop yields within the cropped areas. The effect of different proportions of water catchment area to cropped area were investigated by comparing a control treatment with the entire area planted to the crop (traditional rainfed agriculture); a 1:1 treatment, with one half of the area used for water catchment and one half for planting; and a 2:1 treatment, with two thirds of the area used for water catchment and one third for planting. Results from six seasons of trials using wheat (Triticum aestivum) showed that the 1:1 treatment had 23% higher net benefits than the control, with a 19% reduction in the coefficient of variation. The 2:1 treatment had 29% lower net benefits than the control and reduced the variation in net benefits by 8%. By contrast, four seasons of trials using barley (Hordeum vulgare) showed that the l: l treatment yielded 25% lower net benefits than the control but increased by 4% the variation in net benefits. Treatment 2:1 had 36% lower net benefits than the control and 18% more variation. Even though the gross revenue from wheat under the 1:1 treatment was less than that from the control, the reduction in total costs in the 1:1 treatment resulted in larger net benefits than the control. Water-harvesting in the valley floors is not a net yield-increasing technology. Land suitable for cultivation is limited and the increases in yields in the cropped area resulting from water-harvesting are offset by the opportunity costs of the catchment area. However, wheat grown in a 1:1 ratio of cropped to catchment area can increase farmers' income and decrease its variation. For barley, farmers are better off using their traditional management practice than giving up part of their cropped area to create water catchments.

Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Catchment Area of Neusiedlersee/Fertö, Austria/Hungary

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. v. d. Emde ◽  
H. Fleckseder ◽  
N. Matsché ◽  
F. Plahl-Wabnegg ◽  
G. Spatzierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The One

Neusiedlersee (in German) / Fertö tó (in Hungarian) is a shallow lake at the Austro-Hungarian border. In the late 1970s, the question arose what to do in order to protect the lake against eutrophication. A preliminary report established the need for point-source control as well as gave first estimates for non-point source inputs. The proposed point-source control was quickly implemented, non-point sources were - among other topics - studied in detail in the period 1982 - 1986. The preliminary work had shown, based on integrated sampling and data from literature, that the aeolic input outweighed the one via water erosion (work was for totP only). In contrast to this, the 1982 - 1986 study showed that (a) water erosion by far dominates over aeolic inputs and (b) the size of nonpoint-source inputs was assessed for the largest catchment area in pronounced detail, whereas additional estimates were undertaken for smaller additional catchment areas. The methods as well as the results are presented in the following. The paper concludes with some remarks on the present management practice of nonpoint-source inputs.

Tracking domestic wastewater and road de-icing salt in a municipal drinking water reservoir: acesulfame and chloride as co-tracers

2021 ◽  
pp. 117493
Author(s):  
Jean-B. Sérodes ◽  
Sonja Behmel ◽  
Sabrina Simard ◽  
Olivier Laflamme ◽  
Antoine Grondin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Drinking Water Reservoir

scholarly journals Brief communication "Determination of urban growth in catchment areas in Cyprus using multi-temporal remotely sensed data: risk assessment study"

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Hadjimitsis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Multi Temporal

Abstract. The aim of this study is to quantify the actual urbanization activity near the catchment area in the urban area of interest located in the vicinity of the Agriokalamin River area of Kissonerga Village in Paphos District. Remotely sensed data such as aerial photos, Landsat-5/7 TM/ETM+ and Quickbird image data have been used to track the urbanization activity from 1963 to 2008. In-situ GPS measurements have been used to locate in-situ the boundaries of the catchment area. The results clearly illustrate that tremendous urban development has taken place ranging from 0.9 to 33% from 1963 to 2008, respectively. A flood risk assessment and hydraulic analysis were also performed.

Sewer rehabilitation strategy in Berlin

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
D. Jacobi ◽  
K.-J. Sympher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Sewer Rehabilitation ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategy

Berlin Wasserbetriebe is in need of a significant and longterm investment in the rehabilitation of its sewer system. With ratification of the European Standard EN 752 Part 5, comprehensive rules have been set out for the rehabilitation of drain and sewer systems: hydraulic performance, environmental impact and structural integrity of complete catchment areas are given equal consideration. Taking this into account, Berliner Wasserbetriebe has developed a sewer rehabilitation strategy. Economic aspects are integrated with a cost-benefit-analysis; the significance of the remaining useful life of a pipe section is examined.

Infections with multiple Cryptosporidium species and new genetic variants in young dairy calves on a farm located within a drinking water catchment area in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 202 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima D. Shrestha ◽  
Alex Grinberg ◽  
Venkata S.R. Dukkipati ◽  
Eve J. Pleydell ◽  
Deborah J. Prattley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Water Catchment Area ◽  
Water Catchment

The effects of intensive rainfalls (flash floods) on the development on the landforms in the Kőszeg Mountains (Hungary)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Veress ◽  
István Németh ◽  
Roland Schläffer
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
High Density ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Channel Changes ◽  
Great Thickness ◽  
Superficial Deposit ◽  
Catchment Areas

AbstractThe effects of the intensive rainfall episodes in the years 2009 and 2010 in the Kőszeg Mountains were investigated. Channel profiles were constructed at various times during these periods, which were used to describe the channel changes. We measured the length of the incised and filled sections on multiple occasions. We could establish the degree and the direction of the changes using this data. The sediment veneer that developed in the area of Kőszeg town was mapped and its conditions of development were examined. The erosion and accumulation landforms developed during these years were classified and described. These forms are the following: rills, gullies, alluvial fans and sediment veneer. We distinguished and characterised those which had previously formed, but they were changed or increased (the channels). We established the conditions under which the sediment veneer can develop, furthermore those conditions which can increase the chance of the formation of this landform. These conditions are the following: the high density of roads in the catchment areas of valleys leading to settlements, the great thickness of superficial deposit, and the steep slope of the surface of the catchment area. We created theoretical classification of the morphological environment where the development of sediment veneer may happen and identified settlements with structures which promote or prevent the development of the sediment veneer. We determined the probability of the development of the sediment veneer at some settlements in Kőszeg, and suggestions have been given to decrease the chance of the development of this sediment veneer.

scholarly journals Potential influence of a planned landfill on a high karst plateau in Southwestern Montenegro to nearby karstic springs

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Horacek ◽  
Milan Radulovic ◽  
Dejan Jancic ◽  
Stefan Wyhlidal ◽  
Golub Culafic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
O Isotope ◽  
Good Agreement

The potential threat of a landfill projected on a high karst plateau in southwest Montenegro is investigated with respect to the subjacent nearby springs. The locality is called Duboki do. As the springs are used for drinking water supply this investigation is urgently needed. For the springs exist two hypotheses concerning their catchment area: I) from the high karst plateau, or II) from a topographically lower area. The stable H- and O-isotope ratios of water samples from the springs are compared with precipitation isotope data, to reveal the catchment area of the springs. The isotope results indicate that the catchment area of the springs is at higher altitude fitting to, and in good agreement with, winter precipitation from the high karst plateau of the planned land-fill locality.

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