Assessment of the reliability of an on-site MBR system for greywater treatment and the associated aesthetic and health risks

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Friedler ◽  
Z. Shwartzman ◽  
A. Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Systems Model

This study analyses the reliability of an on-site MBR system for greywater treatment and reuse. To achieve this goal simulation was performed based on the IWA ASM1 model which was adapted to describe biological and physical mechanisms for MBR greywater treatment based systems. Model results were found to agree well with experimental data from an on site pilot greywater treatment plant, after which the calibrated model was used in a Monte Carlo mode for generating statistical data on the MBR system performance under different scenarios of failures and inflow loads variations. Effluents quality and their associated risks were successfully estimated.

Small Activated Sludge Performance and Viability Characteristics under Intermittent and Reduced Flows

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Bilsen Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Transient States ◽  
Stepwise Manner ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Soluble Substrate ◽  
House Site ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Small activated sludge systems operate in transient states under intermittent and variable flows. Simulations for such a treatment plant in a summer house site operating on a seasonal basis is investigated for system performance and viability using the five component inert soluble substrate generation model. The results have revealed that the viability drops to zero within the first month after the cessation of the feed for intermittently loaded systems that are fed during the summer months, while it never reaches that value for systems operating all year round with reduced flows off season. Restartup is compulsory for the intermittent loadings while the system adapts itself in a stepwise manner for the year round operation. Other factors being comparable, conventional operation with shorter sludge ages may be preferable since viability of the sludge is higher and the effluent COD is comparable.

scholarly journals A Simulation of the Effects of Badminton Serve Release Height

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2903
Author(s):  
John Rasmussen ◽  
Mark de Zee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Forward Dynamics ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Female Player ◽  
Ballistic Trajectory ◽  
Release Height

In this work, we develop and calibrate a model to represent the trajectory of a badminton shuttlecock and use it to investigate the influence of serve height in view of a new serve rule instated by the Badminton World Federation. The new rule means that all players must launch the shuttlecock below a height of 1.15 m, as opposed to the old rule whereby the required launch height was under the rib cage of the server. The model is based on a forward dynamics model of ballistic trajectory with drag, and it is calibrated with experimental data. The experiments also served to determine the actual influence of the new rule on the shuttlecock launch position. The model is used in a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the statistical influence of the new serve rules on the player’s ability to perform good serves; i.e., serves with little opportunity for the receiver to attack. We conclude that, for the female player in question, serving below a height of 1.15 m makes it marginally more difficult to perform excellent serves. We also conclude that there might be alternative launch positions that would be less likely to produce the best serves but could be exploited as a tactical option.

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

Monte Carlo backscattering yield (BY) calculations applying continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) and experimental data

Vacuum ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zommer ◽  
A. Jablonski ◽  
G. Gergely ◽  
S. Gurban
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Slowing Down

scholarly journals A computational framework for finding parameter sets associated with chaotic dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
S. Koshy-Chenthittayil ◽  
E. Dimitrova ◽  
E.W. Jenkins ◽  
B.C. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Lyapunov Exponents ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Small Support

Many biological ecosystems exhibit chaotic behavior, demonstrated either analytically using parameter choices in an associated dynamical systems model or empirically through analysis of experimental data. In this paper, we use existing software tools (COPASI, R) to explore dynamical systems and uncover regions with positive Lyapunov exponents where thus chaos exists. We evaluate the ability of the software’s optimization algorithms to find these positive values with several dynamical systems used to model biological populations. The algorithms have been able to identify parameter sets which lead to positive Lyapunov exponents, even when those exponents lie in regions with small support. For one of the examined systems, we observed that positive Lyapunov exponents were not uncovered when executing a search over the parameter space with small spacings between values of the independent variables.

Research Regarding the Effects of 120 mm HE Mortar Bombs on Advanced Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Daniela Pintilie ◽  
Iuliana Florina Pană ◽  
Adrian Malciu ◽  
Constantin Puică ◽  
Cristina Pupăză
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
High Explosive ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Shock Wave Generation ◽  
3D Numerical Model ◽  
Experimental Trials

High Explosive Mortar bombs are used on the battlefield for destroying the manpower, non-armoured equipment and shelters. The paper describes an original experimental and numerical approach regarding the potential threats caused by the detonation of 120 mm HE mortar bombs. The evaluation of the bomb effect presumes the fulfillment of experimental trials that focus on two physical mechanisms which appear after the detonation of the cased high explosive. These mechanisms are the shock wave generation and the fragments propulsion, which were also studied by a numerical model that provides results over the bomb fragmentation mode. The novelty of the paper consists in the calibrated 3D numerical model confirmed by the experimental data, which provides information over the fragmentation process of the case and the initial velocity of its fragments, proving that the main threat of this type of ammunition is the effect through metal fragments. The results of numerical simulation and experimental data are used for their comparative analysis and the assessment of the phenomena.

Interpretation of Experimental Data with Regard to the Activated Sludge Model No.1 and Calibration of the Model for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Siegrist ◽  
M. Tschui
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Model

The wastewater of the municipal treatment plants Zürich-Werdhölzli (350000 population equivalents), Zürich-Glatt (110000), and Wattwil (20000) have been characterized with regard to the activated sludge model Nr.1 of the IAWPRC task group. Zürich-Glatt and Wattwil are partly nitrifying treatment plants and Zürich-Werdhölzli is fully nitrifying. The mixing characteristics of the aeration tanks at Werdhölzli and Glatt were determined with sodium bromide as a tracer. The experimental data were used to calibrate hydrolysis, heterotrophic growth and nitrification. Problems arising by calibrating hydrolysis of the paniculate material and by measuring oxygen consumption of heterotrophic and nitrifying microorganisms are discussed. For hydrolysis the experimental data indicate first-order kinetics. For nitrification a maximum growth rate of 0.40±0.07 d−1, corresponding to an observed growth rate of 0.26±0.04 d−1 was calculated at 10°C. The half velocity constant found for 12 and 20°C was 2 mg NH4-N/l. The calibrated model was verified with experimental dam of me Zürich-Werdhölzli treatment plant during ammonia shock load.

scholarly journals A Monte Carlo approach for determining cluster evaporation rates from concentration measurements

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oona Kupiainen-Määttä
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Markov Chain Monte Carlo ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Ammonia Clusters

Abstract. Evaporation rates of small negatively charged sulfuric acid–ammonia clusters are determined by combining detailed cluster formation simulations with cluster distributions measured at CLOUD. The analysis is performed by varying the evaporation rates with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), running cluster formation simulations with each new set of evaporation rates and comparing the obtained cluster distributions to the measurements. In a second set of simulations, the fragmentation of clusters in the mass spectrometer due to energetic collisions is studied by treating also the fragmentation probabilities as unknown parameters and varying them with MCMC. This second set of simulations results in a better fit to the experimental data, suggesting that a large fraction of the observed HSO4− and HSO4− ⋅ H2SO4 signals may result from fragmentation of larger clusters, most importantly the HSO4− ⋅ (H2SO4)2 trimer.

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