On-site infiltration of road runoff using pervious pavements with subjacent infiltration trenches as source control strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1388-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fach ◽  
C. Dierkes
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
High Background ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Oil Type

The focus in this work was on subsoil infiltration of stormwater from parking lots. With regard to operation, reduced infiltration performance due to clogging and pollutants in seepage, which may contribute to contaminate groundwater, are of interest. The experimental investigation covered a pervious pavement with a subjacent infiltration trench draining an impervious area of 2 ha. In order to consider seasonal effects on the infiltration performance, the hydraulic conductivity was measured tri-monthly during monitoring with a mobile sprinkling unit. To assess natural deposits jointing, road bed, gravel of infiltration trenches and subsoil were analysed prior to commencement of monitoring for heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic and mineral oil type hydrocarbons. Furthermore, from 22 storm events, water samples of rainfall, surface runoff, seepage and ground water were analysed with regard to the above mentioned pollutants. The study showed that the material used for the joints had a major impact on the initial as well as the final infiltration rates. Due to its poor hydraulic conductivity, limestone gravel should not be used as jointing. Furthermore, it is recommended that materials for the infiltration facilities are ensured free of any contaminants prior to construction. Polycyclic aromatic and mineral oil type hydrocarbons were, with the exception of surface runoff, below detection limits. Heavy metal concentrations of groundwater were with the exception of lead (because of high background concentrations), below the permissible limits.

scholarly journals Fate of hydrocarbon pollutants in source and non-source control sustainable drainage systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Roinas ◽  
Cath Mant ◽  
John B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Sustainable drainage (SuDs) is an established method for managing runoff from developments, and source control is part of accepted design philosophy. However, there are limited studies into the contribution source control makes to pollutant removal, especially for roads. This study examines organic pollutants, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in paired source and non-source control full-scale SuDs systems. Sites were selected to cover local roads, trunk roads and housing developments, with a range of SuDs, including porous asphalt, swales, detention basins and ponds. Soil and water samples were taken bi-monthly over 12 months to assess pollutant loads. Results show first flush patterns in storm events for solids, but not for TPH. The patterns of removal for specific PAHs were also different, reflecting varying physico-chemical properties. The potential of trunk roads for pollution was illustrated by peak runoff for TPH of > 17,000 μg/l. Overall there was no significant difference between pollutant loads from source and non-source control systems, but the dynamic nature of runoff means that longer-term data are required. The outcomes of this project will increase understanding of organic pollutants behaviour in SuDs. This will provide design guidance about the most appropriate systems for treating these pollutants.

scholarly journals Does Population Affect the Location of Flash Flood Reports?

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1953-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Marjerison ◽  
M. Todd Walter ◽  
Patrick J. Sullivan ◽  
Stephen J. Colucci
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Flood Generation

AbstractFlash floods cause more fatalities than any other weather-related natural hazard and cause significant damage to property and infrastructure. It is important to understand the underlying processes that lead to these infrequent but high-consequence events. Accurately determining the locations of flash flood events can be difficult, which impedes comprehensive research of the phenomena. While some flash floods can be detected by automated means (e.g., streamflow gauges), flash floods (and other severe weather events) are generally based on human observations and may not reflect the actual distribution of event locations. The Storm Data–Storm Events Database, which is produced from National Weather Service reports, was used to locate reported flash floods within the forecast area of the Binghamton, New York, Weather Forecast Office between 2007 and 2013. The distribution of those reports was analyzed as a function of environmental variables associated with flood generation including slope, impervious area, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity ksat, representative rainfall intensity, and representative rainfall depth, as well as human population. A spatial conditional autoregressive model was used to test the hypothesis that flash flood reports are made more frequently in areas with higher populations, even when other flood-generating processes are considered. Slope, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and impervious area are significant predictors of flash flood reports. When population is added as a predictor, the model is similarly robust, but impervious area and ksat are no longer significant predictors. These results may challenge the assumption that flash flood reports are strongly biased by population.

Combining  concentration-discharge hysteresis and reach-scale lateral flow modelling to characterize flood water origin and processes: application to karst catchments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Le Mesnil ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Charlier ◽  
Roger Moussa ◽  
Yvan Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Water Origin

<p>We propose a data-driven approach of concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationship analysis, including a new classification of C-Q hysteresis loop at the catchment scale, combined to a simulation of lateral Q and C at the reach scale. We analyse high-frequency, multiple-site records of Q and electrical conductivity (EC) in karst catchment outlets, in which EC informs on water residence time. At the catchment scale, contributions of pre-event water (PEW) and event water (EW) during storm events are investigated through hysteresis loops analysis, which allows inferring hydrological processes. Our new classification of hysteresis loops is based on loop mean slope and hysteresis index. At the reach scale, lateral Q and EC are simulated using a diffusive wave equation model, providing a more spatialized picture of PEW and EW contributions to streamflow during storm events. The methodology is applied to two catchments (Loue river and Cèze river) in France, including 8 gauging stations with hourly Q and EC time series covering 66 storm events.</p><p>For both catchments, a conceptual model of water origin and hydrological-processes seasonal and spatial variability is drawn. Regarding Loue catchment, summer and fall storm-events are characterized by contribution of PEW through piston-type flows, whereas decreasing EC values in winter and spring storm-events indicate the major contribution of EW through surface runoff and following fast infiltration in karst. EW contribution is increasing towards downstream. Regarding Cèze catchment, higher contributions of EW are observed, indicating that fast infiltration and surface runoff are the dominant processes, associated to a PEW signature in summer and fall. PEW contribution also increases in karstified areas. Intra-site water origin seasonality is mostly related to karst aquifer saturation state, whereas inter-site variability is linked to karst areas extension. These results are encouraging to extend this approach to a variety of sites, notably influenced by important surface water/groundwater interactions, and groundwater flooding.</p>

The impact of storm events on a riverbed system and its hydraulic conductivity at a site of induced infiltration

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1960-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Levy ◽  
Matthew D. Birck ◽  
Samuel Mutiti ◽  
Kathryn C. Kilroy ◽  
Britton Windeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of Surface Runoff and Storm Surge during Hurricane and Tropical Storm Events

Hydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Silva-Araya ◽  
Félix Santiago-Collazo ◽  
Juan Gonzalez-Lopez ◽  
Javier Maldonado-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Storm Events

scholarly journals Effects of Urbanization on Water Quality and the Macrobenthos Community Structure in the Fenhe River, Shanxi Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Linfang Wang ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Jinhua Dang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Yu’en Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Total P

The relationships between land use types, water and sediment parameters, and macrobenthos community structures in the upper and middle reaches of the Fenhe River and urbanization intensity were studied. Samples were collected from 23 sampling sites. Spearman rank correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between the percentages of impervious area or the proportions of four land uses and the water and sediment physicochemical properties, heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in water and sediment, and biological indicators of the macrobenthos communities. Some water parameters (temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, electrical conductivity, total N concentration, total P concentration, ammonia-N concentration, and nitrate-N concentration), some sediment parameters (total N concentration, total P concentration, organic matter content, percentage of particles with diameters <2 mm, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni Pb, and Zn concentrations), and some macrobenthos parameters (Berger–Parker index and percentages of collectors, tolerant taxa, and Oligochaeta) significantly positively correlated with the percentage of impervious area. Some water parameters (pH and dissolved oxygen concentration), some sediment parameters (percentage of particles with diameters >2 mm), and some macrobenthos parameters (total biomass, total number of taxa, Shannon’s index, N diversity index, and percentages of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, filterers, scrapers, and sensitive taxa) significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of impervious area. The results indicate that intensification of urbanization has strongly affected the water, sediment, and macrobenthos in the Fenhe River watershed.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Stormwater Management Systems and Its Impact on Development Costing

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farjana Akhter ◽  
Guna A. Hewa ◽  
Faisal Ahammed ◽  
Baden Myers ◽  
John R. Argue
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Detention Basin ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Installation Cost

The contribution of this paper is a comparison of the installation cost of a conventional drainage system consisting of a network of pits and pipes, with that of a hybrid drainage system comprising a network of pits and pipes, supported by allotment scale infiltration measures in a modern greenfield residential development. The case study site is located in Pipers Crest, near Strathalbyn, South Australia. This as-built site consists of 56 allotments, 42 pits (hence 42 sub-catchments), one detention basin and over 1000 m of drainage pipes. In this study, conventional and hybrid (combination of conventional and Water Sensitive Urban Design, WSUD systems) drainage systems were designed to convey minor storm events of 10% annual exceedance probability (AEP), and checked for major storm events of 5% AEP, using the DRAINS model and/or source control principles. The installation costs of the conventional and hybrid drainage systems were estimated and compared based upon cost estimates derived from Australian literature. The results of the study indicate that satisfactory drainage was possible using the conventional or hybrid system when the two systems were designed to have outflow not exceeding the pre-developed flow. The hybrid drainage system requires smaller pipe sizes compared to the conventional system. Also, the size of the detention basin and maximum outflow rate of the hybrid system were smaller than those for the conventionally drained site. The installation cost of the hybrid drainage system was 18% less than that of the conventional drainage system when the objective was to accommodate 10% and 5% AEP storms.

scholarly journals Threshold effects in catchment storm response and the occurrence and magnitude of flood events: implications for flood frequency

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1515-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Kusumastuti ◽  
I. Struthers ◽  
M. Sivapalan ◽  
D. A. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Frequency Curve ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
Frequency Curves

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the effects of selected catchment storage thresholds upon runoff behaviour, and specifically their impact upon flood frequency. The analysis is carried out with the use of a stochastic rainfall model, incorporating rainfall variability at intra-event, inter-event and seasonal timescales, as well as infrequent summer tropical cyclones, coupled with deterministic rainfall-runoff models that incorporate runoff generation by both saturation excess and subsurface stormflow mechanisms. Changing runoff generation mechanisms (i.e. from subsurface flow to surface runoff) associated with a given threshold (i.e. saturation storage capacity) is shown to be manifested in the flood frequency curve as a break in slope. It is observed that the inclusion of infrequent summer storm events increases the temporal frequency occurrence and magnitude of surface runoff events, in this way contributing to steeper flood frequency curves, and an additional break in the slope of the flood frequency curve. The results of this study highlight the importance of thresholds on flood frequency, and provide insights into the complex interactions between rainfall variability and threshold nonlinearities in the rainfall-runoff process, which are shown to have a significant impact on the resulting flood frequency curves.

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