Molecular weight distribution of organic matter by ozonation and biofiltration

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2604-2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Group 2

Molecular weight (MW) distribution of organic matter by ozonation and biofiltration was evaluated using gel chromatography. The MW distribution of organic matter by Sephadex G-25 was observed from groups 2 (MW = 1,029–7,031 g/mol) and 3 (MW = 303–1,029 g/mol) shifted to groups 2, 3 and 4 (MW < 303 g/mol) under ozone doses of 0.1 and 0.4 mg O3/mg total organic carbon (TOC). The shift in MW increases as ozone dosage increases. Biofiltration effectively degraded the organic molecule of group 2; however, the biofiltration only slightly degraded the organic molecule of group 4. Increased ozone dose destroyed functional groups C═C in phenolic and C–O in alcoholic compounds and increased UV-insensitive biodegradable organic carbon for subsequent biofiltration. Biofiltration effectively degraded organic compounds of alcohols and alkenes at an ozone dose of 0.1 mg O3/mg TOC. Experimental approaches in this study can be applied to evaluate and diagnose the function of a full-scale process combining ozonation and biofiltration in drinking water treatment plants.

Removal of natural organic matter and trihalomethane formation potential in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vasyukova ◽  
René Proft ◽  
Johanna Jousten ◽  
Irene Slavik ◽  
Wolfgang Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential

A multidisciplinary approach was applied in this work to characterise natural organic matter and evaluate the performance of a full-scale waterworks treating organic-rich surface water. It was shown that the combination of the treatment processes considered efficiently removed the dissolved organic matter, including its specific fractions. Most of the dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON), biodegradable DOC and DON, as well as assimilable organic carbon were removed by coagulation/sedimentation. However, the coagulation process was not likely to be optimised for the removal of all molecular weight compounds. The breakdown of high molecular weight compounds into others of low molecular weight, as well as the production of biodegradable organic matter during ozonation, proved to enhance their removal efficiency by subsequent biological activated carbon filtration. The specific trihalomethane formation potential decreased during treatment, indicating a decrease in reactivity of DOC with chlorine across the treatment train. Fractionation experiments demonstrated that high and medium molecular weight organics were likely to be the main precursors for the formation of trihalomethanes. However, other disinfection by-products (such as haloacetic acids) should also be controlled, as the chlorine demand pattern did not necessarily follow that of trihalomethane formation.

Advanced oxidation processes: flowsheet options for bulk natural organic matter removal

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Murray ◽  
S.A. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
Oxidation Processes

Advanced oxidation processes have been reported to have the potential to remove natural organic matter from source waters. Of these Fenton's reagent, photo-Fenton's reagent and titanium dioxide photocatalysis are the three most promising processes. Compared to conventional coagulation/flocculation processes they have higher removal efficiencies in terms of both dissolved organic carbon and UV254 absorbance. Under optimum reaction conditions all three remove over 80% dissolved organic carbon and 0% UV254 absorbance. In addition the enhanced removal of natural organic matter leads to a corresponding reduction in the formation of disinfection by-products following chlorination of the treated water. Advanced oxidation processes give enhanced removal of organic species ranging from low to high molecular weight while coagulation/flocculation is inefficient at removing low molecular weight species. One additional benefit is all three processes produce less residuals compared to conventional coagulation, which is advantageous as the disposal of such residuals normally contributes a large proportion of the costs at water treatment works.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MULTI NUTRIENT SAUCE DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA DOMBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yogi Ramdani, Erwanto, Farida Fathul, dan Liman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding multi nutrient sauce to rations on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in sheep. This research was conducted in May--July 2019 in Kebagusan Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency. Analysis of feed ingredients and feces was carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This research was conducted experimentally using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. Sheep were divided into six groups based on body weight, namely group 1 (11,18--13,18 kg), group 2 (13,97--14,13 kg), group 3 (14,31--14,51 kg), group 4 (14,89--15,91 kg), group 5 (16,35--16,66 kg), and group 6 (17,15--17,77 kg). Each group consisted of 3 sheep. Treatment given were R0: basal ration formulated by farmer (forage silage + cassava byproduct), R1: R0 + 5% multi nutrient sauce, R2: R0 + 10% multi nutrient sauce. The results showed that the addition of 10% multi nutrient sauce was the best treatment that could improve the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in sheep.   Key word : Multi nutrient sauce, Dry matter digestibility, Digestibility of organic matter, Sheep.

scholarly journals Natural organic matter removal by ion exchange at different positions in the drinking water treatment lane

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grefte ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
E. R. Cornelissen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filtration

Abstract. To guarantee a good water quality at the customers tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research was to improve the biological stability of the produced water by incorporating anion exchange (IEX) for NOM removal. Different placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane (IEX positioned before coagulation, before ozonation or after slow sand filtration) and two IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidized IEX (FIX)) were compared on water quality as well as costs. For this purpose the pre-treatment plant at Loenderveen and production plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet were used as a case study. Both, MIEX® and FIX were able to remove NOM (mainly the HS fraction) to a high extent. NOM removal can be done efficiently before ozonation and after slow sand filtration. The biological stability, in terms of assimilable organic carbon, biofilm formation rate and dissolved organic carbon, was improved by incorporating IEX for NOM removal. The operational costs were assumed to be directly dependent of the NOM removal rate and determined the difference between the IEX positions. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal (0.0631 € m−3), however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. IEX positioned before ozonation was most cost effective and improved the biological stability of the treated water.

scholarly journals Biodegradation Behavior of Ozonated Natural Organic Matter in Sand Filters

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Wang ◽  
R. S. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Exchange Resins

Natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water is a complex mixture of organic compounds. Some of the compounds are not biodegradable, while others are quickly biodegradable and a third group is more resistant to biodegradation. To have a better understanding of the biofiltration process in drinking water treatment, it is important to identify the elements of the quickly and slowly biodegradable NOM and to characterize the biodegradation rate of each element. In this study, an ozonated NOM solution was used as the substrate. The NOM was isolated from a groundwater in Germany using ion-exchange resins. The ozone dose was 0.35 mg O3/mg DOC (dissolved organic carbon). Previously bioacclimated sand was used as filter media and biomass source and was homogeneously distributed in the filter prior to each run. The substrate removal was evaluated by DOC, biodegradable DOC (BDOC), assimilable organic carbon (AOC), aldehyde and ketoacid analyses. When expressed in terms of the empty bed contact time (EBCT), the results showed that filter velocity in the range of 1.5 to 15 m/hr had no impact on substrate removal. This implies that substrate utilization, not external mass transfer, is the rate limiting step for substrate removal in drinking water biofilters. In this study, compounds or NOM fractions are termed quickly biodegradable if they are removed in the first three minutes of EBCT. 15% of the DOC was removed by the biofilter within three minutes of EBCT and was termed the quickly biodegradable fraction. The BDOC fraction of the ozonated solution was determined to be 40 to 45% of the DOC. In terms of BDOC, about one third of the total BDOC was quickly biodegradable. The AOC results show that about 90% of the total AOC was utilized by Spirillum sp. NOX (AOC-NOX). Most of the AOC was quickly biodegradable and was removed within one minute of EBCT. For aldehydes, glyoxal and methyl glyoxal were removed to below the detection limit after two minutes of EBCT. However, only 60% of formaldehyde removal was achieved in the first two minutes of EBCT, and no additional removal was achieved with increasing EBCT. Additionally, no significant removal of acetaldehyde was observed. The results of ketoacids show that their utilization rates were very high. More than 90% of glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid were removed within one minute of EBCT.

scholarly journals Fluorescence Properties of the Air- and Freeze-Drying Treatment on Size-Fractioned Sediment Organic Matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8220
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wen Chuang ◽  
Wei-Shiang Huang ◽  
Yung-Yu Liu ◽  
Chi-Ying Hsieh ◽  
Ting-Chien Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sediment Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Freeze Dried

Sediment humic substance (SHS) is a highly heterogeneous and complex organic mixture with a broad molecular weight range. It is the significant component that associates distribution, transport, and biotoxicity of pollutants in a river environment. Air- and freeze-drying sediment pre-treatment may cause different biological activity and may result in different chemical quantities and sediment organic matter. This study collected sediments that received livestock wastewater discharge. The sediments were air- (AD) and freeze-dried (FD). The dried sediment organic matter was extracted with an alkaline solution and separated into three size-fractioned SHS samples. Size-fractioning is an effective method used to differentiate materials, on a molecular level. The bulk solution (<0.45 μm) was designated as BHS, and size-fractioned solutions were identified as LHS (<1 kDa), MHS (1–10 kDa), and HHS (10 kDa-0.45 μm). The AD SHS had a lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration than the FD SHS for the bulk and individual size-fractioned SHS, but the AD and FD SHS had a similar distribution of organic carbon in the size-fractioned SHS. The AD SHS had higher aromaticity (SUVA254) and an extent of humification (HIX) than the FD SHS. In addition, the high molecular weight SHS (HHS) had a higher SUVA254 but lower HIX than the MHS and LHS. The HHS had significantly lower fulvic acid but had higher humic acid-like substances than the MHS and LHS. This is possibly the reason the LHS had a higher humification degree but lower aromaticity than HHS. The size-fractioned SHS and optical indicators distinguished the difference between the chemical properties when air- or freeze-dried, due to the different degree of biological activities.

Removal of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) from Drinking Water Supplies by Ozone-Biofiltration

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond M. Hozalski ◽  
Edward J. Bouwer ◽  
Sudha Goel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
High Molecular Weight Material ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) in biofilters can be affected by many factors including NOM characteristics, use of pre-ozonation, water temperature, and biofilter backwashing. Laboratory experiments were performed and a biofilter simulation model was developed for the purpose of evaluating the effects of each of these factors on NOM removal in biofilters. Four sources of NOM were used in this study to represent a broad spectrum of NOM types that may be encountered in water treatment. In batch experiments with raw NOM, the removal of organic carbon by biodegradation was inversely proportional to the UV absorbance (254 nm)-to-TOC ratio and directly proportional to the percentage of low molecular weight material (as determined by ultrafiltration). The extent and rate of total organic carbon (TOC) removal typically increased as ozone dose increased, but the effects were highly dependent on NOM characteristics. NOM with a higher percentage of high molecular weight material experienced the greatest enhancement in biodegradability by ozonation. The performance of laboratory-scale continuous-flow biofilters was not significantly affected by periodic backwashing, because backwashing was unable to remove large amounts of biomass from the filter media. Model simulations confirmed our experimental results and the model was used to further evaluate the effects of temperature and backwashing on biofilter performance.

Measuring dissolved organic matter in estuarine and marine waters: size-exclusion chromatography with various detection methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Dulaquais ◽  
Johann Breitenstein ◽  
Matthieu Waeles ◽  
Rémi Marsac ◽  
Ricardo Riso
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Environmental contextDissolved organic matter (DOM), a key parameter in aquatic biogeochemistry, is difficult to characterise owing to its variable composition and structure. We report a chromatographic method with carbon, nitrogen and absorbance detection able to record the size distribution of DOM and changes in its composition. The method could be used to identify additional sources to river or coastal waters as well as monitoring the DOM size/reactivity continuum in open oceans. AbstractWe studied the performance and limitations of size-exclusion chromatography with organic carbon, ultraviolet and organic nitrogen detectors (SEC-OCD-UVD-OND) for characterising dissolved organic matter (DOM) in estuarine and marine waters. We identified a strong salt effect on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) determination; however, calibration gave good results at salinity levels close to those of the sample analysed (ΔS ± 2 psu (practical salinity units)), with limited matrix effects, enabling an accurate measurement of DOC, as demonstrated by an intercalibration exercise. The repeatability, reproducibility and limit of detection (3 ppb for both carbon and nitrogen) for the three detectors demonstrated the robustness of the method for a wide range of natural waters, including carbon-rich freshwaters and deep seawaters with low carbon content (6000 ppb-C to 300 ppb-C). Deeper analysis of the SEC demonstrated that proteins and polysaccharides are partly fractionated within the column, and that terrestrial humic substances, isolated on a XAD-8 resin, can also be eluted in both fractions associated with biopolymers and low-molecular-weight neutrals. Application of the method to the study of DOM along a macrotidal estuary that was influenced by agricultural activities revealed significant changes in its composition despite a conservative DOC distribution. Distinct origins and qualities of high-molecular-weight (>500 kDa) organic compounds were identified for riverine and marine end-members. A new diagram to track changes in DOM lability is proposed to complete the humic-substances diagram.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characterization of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and CDOM-DOC Relationships for Highly-Polluted River

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Li ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
Guangyi Mu ◽  
Hanyu Ju ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Polluted Waters

Spectral characteristics of CDOM in water column are a key parameter for bio-optical modeling. Knowledge of CDOM optical properties and spatial discrepancy based on the relationship between water quality and spectral parameters in Yinma River watershed with in situ data collected highly-polluted waters are exhibited in this study. Seasonal field data sets collected over a period of 2 months in 2015 in Yinma River Watershed. Based on the comprehensive index method, the riverine waters showed serious contamination, especially the COD, Fe, Mn, Hg and DO were out of range contamination warning. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total suspended matter (TSM) with prominent non-homogenizing were significantly high in the riverine waters, but chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was opposite. Ternary phase diagram showed that non-algal paritcles absorption played an important role in total non-water light absorption (&gt;50%) in most sampling locations, and mean contribution of CDOM were 13% and 22% in summer and autumn respectively. Analysis of ratio of absorption at 250-365 nm (E250:365) and spectral slope (S275-295) indicated that CDOM had higher aromaticity and molecular weight in autumn than in summer, is consistent with the results of water quality and relative contribution. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the environmental variables OSM had a strong correlation with CDOM absorption, followed by heavy metal, e.g., Mn, Hg and Cr6+. However, for the specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), the seasonal values showed opposite results compared with the reported literature. The potential reasons were the more UDOM (uncolored Dissolved Organic Matter) from human source (wastewater effluent) existed in waters. Terrigenous inputs simultaneously are in relation to the aCDOM(440)-DOC relationship with the correlation coefficient was 0.90 in summer (2-tailed, p&lt;0.01), and 0.58 in autumn (2-tailed, p&lt;0.05). Spatial distribution of CDOM parameters exhibited that the downstream regions focused on dry land have high CDOM molecular weight and aromatic hydrocarbon. Partial sampling locations around the cities or countries generally showed abnormal values due to terrigenous inputs. As a bio-optical model parameter, spectral characteristic of CDOM is helpful in adjusting the derived algorithms in highly-polluted environments. The study on organic carbon and pollutants in highly-polluted waters had an important contribution to global carbon balance estimation and water environment protection.

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