Performance assessment of pilot horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands for removal of diesel from wastewater by Scirpus grossus

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2271-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa Abdulwahab Al-Baldawi ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Nurina Anuar ◽  
Fatihah Suja ◽  
Mushrifah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Development Technology

One of the appropriate development technology options for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with diesel is constructed wetlands (CWs). Throughout 72 days of exposure, sampling was carried out for monitoring of physical parameters, plant growth and the efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal, as an indication for diesel contamination, to assess the pilot-scale performance. Four pilot CWs with a horizontal sub-surface flow system were applied using the bulrush of Scirpus grossus. The CWs were loaded with different diesel concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.25% (Vdiesel/Vwater). The TPH removal efficiencies were 82, 71, and 67% at the end of 72 days for diesel concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.25% respectively. In addition, the high removal efficiency of total suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 100 and 75.4% respectively, for a diesel concentration of 0.1%. It was concluded that S. grossus is a potential plant that can be used in a well-operated CW for restoring 0.1% diesel-contaminated water.

The improvement of water quality indicators in constructed wetland treatment systems in Latvia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Grinberga ◽  
Ainis Lagzdins
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

<p>This study includes water quality monitoring data obtained since June, 2014 at the farm located in the middle part of Latvia. The water treatment system with two separate constructed wetlands was established to improve water quality in agricultural area. A surface flow constructed wetland received drainage runoff from the agricultural catchment basin. A subsurface flow constructed wetland was implemented to retain nutrients from the surface runoff collected in the area of impermeable pavements of the farmyard. As there are no other specific calculations recommended for the designing of constructed wetlands in Latvia, both wetlands were calculated basing on the surface area of the constructed wetland/catchment area ratio. The surface area of the subsurface flow constructed wetland was deigned by 1.2% of the catchment area and the ratio was 0.5 % for the surface flow constructed wetland.</p><p>Water samples were collected manually by grab sampling method once or twice per month basing on a flowrate. Water quality parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), and total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analysed to monitor the performance of both wetlands. The concentrations at the inlet and outlet were compared to evaluate the efficiency of the water treatment.</p><p>The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 21 %, 35 % and 20 %, respectively for the surface flow constructed wetland. PO4-P and TP concentrations were reduced on average by 31 % and 45 %, respectively for the surface flow constructed wetland. Total suspended solids were reduced by 17% at the outlet of the surface flow constructed wetland. However, in some cases, an increase in nutrient concentrations in water leaving the wetland was observed. The study showed the constant reduction of the PO4-P and TP concentrations 82 % and 83 %, respectively in the subsurface flow constructed wetland. The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 14 %, 66 % and 53 %, respectively for the subsurface flow constructed wetland. BOD and COD reduction on average by 93 % and 83 %, respectively in for the subsurface flow constructed wetland indicated the ability of the treatment system to be adapted for wastewater treatment with high content of organic matter under the given climate conditions. This study outlined that the farmyards should receive a special attention regarding surface runoff management.</p>

Effect of recirculation on organic matter removal in a hybrid constructed wetland system

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2360-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ç. Ayaz ◽  
N. Findik ◽  
L. Akça ◽  
N. Erdoğan ◽  
C. Kınacı
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Anaerobic Pretreatment

This research project aimed to determine the technologically feasible and applicable wastewater treatment systems which will be constructed to solve environmental problems caused by small communities in Turkey. Pilot-scale treatment of a small community's wastewater was performed over a period of more than 2 years in order to show applicability of these systems. The present study involves removal of organic matter and suspended solids in serially operated horizontal (HFCW) and vertical (VFCW) sub-surface flow constructed wetlands. The pilot-scale wetland was constructed downstream of anaerobic reactors at the campus of TUBITAK-MRC. Anaerobically pretreated wastewater was introduced into this hybrid two-stage sub-surface flow wetland system (TSCW). Wastewater was first introduced into the horizontal sub-surface flow system and then the vertical flow system before being discharged. Recirculation of the effluent was tested in the system. When the recirculation ratio was 100%, average removal efficiencies for TSCW were 91 ± 4% for COD, 83 ± 10% for BOD and 96 ± 3% for suspended solids with average effluent concentrations of 9 ± 5 mg/L COD, 6 ± 3 mg/L BOD and 1 mg/L for suspended solids. Comparing non-recirculation and recirculation periods, the lowest effluent concentrations were obtained with a 100% recirculation ratio. The effluent concentrations met the Turkish regulations for discharge limits of COD, BOD and TSS in each case. The study showed that a hybrid constructed wetland system with recirculation is a very effective method of obtaining very low effluent organic matter and suspended solids concentrations downstream of anaerobic pretreatment of domestic wastewaters in small communities.

scholarly journals Influent salinity affects substrate selection in surface flow constructed wetlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenyan Zhou ◽  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Qiming Li ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterial Community ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Abstract Conducted in pilot-scale surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs), this study’s objective is to identify the effect of influent salinity on substrate selection. Compared with gravel and sand SFCWs, soil SFCWs performed similarly to worse and similarly to better at low and high salinities, respectively, in removal efficiencies (REs) of salt, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Soil generally increased macrophyte growth (especially at high salinity) in dry biomass, leaf chlorophyll concentration, root activity and root catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The decrease of bacterial diversity in rhizosphere may be caused by high salinity, while soil improved rhizosphere bacterial community stability at varying salinities more than gravel or sand. At high salinity, soil support of macrophytes and rhizosphere microorganism increased pollutant REs in SFCWs or at least offset relatively poor biofilm attachment to soil. This highlights the necessity of the varying substrate selection in SFCWs with influent salinities for both increasing pollutant REs and reducing input cost.

scholarly journals Post-treatment of tannery wastewater using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (polishing)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Alemu ◽  
Andualem Mekonnen ◽  
Seyoum Leta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Pollutants Removal

Abstract In the present study, a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) system planted with Phragmites karka; longitudinal profile was studied. The wetland was fed with tannery wastewater, pretreated in a two-stage anaerobic digester followed by a sequence batch reactor. Samples from each CW were taken and analyzed using standard methods. The removal efficiency of the CW system in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr and total coliforms were 91.3%, 90%, 97.3% and 99%, respectively. The removal efficiency for TN, NO3− and NH4+-N were 77.7%, 66.3% and 67.7%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiency of SO42−, S2− and total suspended solids (TSS) were 71.8%, 88.7% and 81.2%, respectively. The concentration of COD, BOD, TN, NO3−N, NH4+-N, SO42 and S2− in the final treated effluent were 113.2 ± 52, 56 ± 18, 49.3 ± 13, 22.75 ± 20, 17.1 ± 6.75, 88 ± 120 and 0.4 ± 0.44 mg/L, respectively. Pollutants removal was decreased in the first 12 m and increased along the CW cells. P. karka development in the first cell of CW was poor, small in size and experiencing chlorosis, but clogging was higher in this area due to high organic matter settling, causing a partial surface flow. The performance of the pilot CW as a tertiary treatment showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards.

Remediation of PAHs-contaminated water and sand by tropical plant (Eleocharis ochrostachys) through sub-surface flow system

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 101044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadya Hussin AL Sbani ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Mushrifah Idris ◽  
Hassimi Abu Hasan ◽  
Israa Abdulwahab Al-Baldawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow System ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Tropical Plant

Constructed wetlands for the treatment of raw wastewater: the French experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Troesch ◽  
F. Salma ◽  
D. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
French Experience ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Vertical flow constructed wetlands for small communities (<5,000 population equivalent) have been successfully developed in France since the 1990s (currently about 3'000 plants are in operation). This paper summarizes the results and efficiencies of 70 plants designed and built by Epur Nature or SINT. The results show clearly that the design performs well for organic matter removal and nitrification and makes sludge management easy. Therefore if well designed, such systems can achieve an outlet quality of BOD5 < 20 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand <90 mg/L, suspended solids <30 mg/L and TKN < 15 mg/L. In addition, some new configurations involving a French vertical first stage fed with raw sewage, patented by Epur Nature, are presented as an aid to reduce the global footprint.

Phytoremediation of contaminated ground water using Typha angustifolia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa Abdul Wahab Al-Baldawi ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Fatihah Suja ◽  
Nurina Anuar ◽  
Mushrifah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Plant Control

A mesocosm scale constructed wetlands (CWs) (0.81 m2) with subsurface flow system was assessed for phytoremediation procedure effectiveness in treating volatile organic compound-rich ground water. The experimental setup consisted of 4 mesocosms in total, 3 planted with Typha angustifolia and 1 unplanted control (W1: sand; W2: (soil + sand + compost); W3: control contaminant and W4: plant control). CWs of different configurations were operated in a greenhouse at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysi to know which type of CWs is more efficient in the medium term basis. Chemical oxygen demand, TSS, turbidity, NH4-N, NO3-N, Redox potential measured throughout phytoremediation indicated that the process with Typha angustifolia was successful, as demonstrated by the significant decrease in the parameters measured. This effect was fundamentally due to the plant-micro-organisms interactions and the configuration of CWs which act as filtration bed.

scholarly journals Effect of the Influent Substrate Concentration on Nitrogen Removal from Summer to Winter in Field Pilot-Scale Multistage Constructed Wetland–Pond Systems for Treating Low-C/N River Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12456
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Liping Xiao ◽  
Hongbin Lu ◽  
Shaoyong Lu ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow

The quality of micropolluted water is unstable and its substrate concentration fluctuates greatly. The goal is to predict the concentration effect on the treatment of nitrogen in a river with an actual low C/N ratio for the proposed full-scale Xiaoyi River estuary wetland, so that the wetland project can operate stably and perform the water purification function effectively in the long term. Two pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland–pond (MCWP) systems (S1 and S2, respectively) based on actual engineering with the same “front ecological oxidation ponds, two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands and surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) as the core and postsubmerged plant ponds” as the planned process were constructed to investigate the effect of different influent permanganate indexes (CODMn) and total nitrogen (TN) contents on nitrogen removal from micropolluted river water with a fixed C/N ratio from summer to winter in the field. The results indicate that the TN removal rate in the S1 and S2 systems was significant (19.56% and 34.84%, respectively). During the process of treating this micropolluted water with a fixed C/N ratio, the influent of S2 with a higher CODMn concentration was conducive to the removal of TN. The TN removal rate in S2 was significantly affected by the daily highest temperature. There was significant nitrogen removal efficiency in the SFCWs. The C/N ratio was a major determinant influencing the nitrogen removal rate in the SFCWs. The organic matter release phenomenon in SFCWs with high-density planting played an essential role in alleviating the lack of carbon sources in the influent. This research strongly supports the rule that there is seasonal nitrogen removal in the MCWPs under different influent substrate concentrations, which is of guiding significance for practical engineering.

scholarly journals VERTICAL SUBSURFACE FLOW AND FREE SURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR SUSTAINABLE POWER GENERATION AND REAL WASTEWATER SELECTIVE POLLUTANTS REMOVAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Zahraa S. Aswad ◽  
◽  
Ahmed H. Ali ◽  
Nadia M. Al-Mhana ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Better Than

A vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VSSFCW) and a free surface flow constructed wetland (FSFCW) were set for the objective of comparison the performance of two systems in order to make a decision of the better one for future installation of wastewater treatment system and power generation. Both of the constructed wetlands were planted with Cyperus Alternifolius. During the observation period (19 days or 456 hours), environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, total chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO4), nitrate (NO3) ,total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), Pb, Cu, and Cd removal efficiencies of the systems were determined. According to the results, final removal efficiencies for the VSSF and FWSF, respectively, were: COD (94.3% and 94.3%),PO4 (84.3% and 75.3%), NO3 (100% and 100%), TSS (96.8% and 85.6%), Pb (65.8% and 81.4%), Cu (more than 94.7% and 89.4%), Cd (85.7% and 88%). The treatment performances of the VSSF were better than that of the FWSF with regard to the removal of suspended solids and nutrients. In FWSF systems, electricity generation performed better than VSSF of 31.4 mV especially with batch system during one wastewater feed is loaded among all of the nineteen days with maximum voltage of 33.7 mV and decreased gradually as oxygen depletion in cathode chamber and less metabolism processes has occurred.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document