Characteristics and adsorption study of the activated carbon derived from municipal sewage sludge

Sewage sludge-based activated carbon is proved to be an efficient and low-cost adsorbent in treatment of various industrial wastewaters. The produced carbon had a well-developed pore structure and relatively low Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Adsorptive capacity of typical pollutants, i.e. copper Cu(II) and methylene blue (MB) on the carbon was studied. Adsorptions were affected by the initial solution pH, contact time and adsorbent dose. Results showed that adsorption of Cu(II) and MB on the produced carbon could reach equilibrium after 240 min. The average removal rate for Cu(II) on the carbon was high, up to 97% in weak acidic conditions (pH = 4–6) and around 98% for MB in a very wide pH range (pH = 2–12). The adsorption kinetics were well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, and both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models could well describe the adsorption process at room temperature. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II) and MB on sewage sludge-based activated carbon were 114.94 mg/g and 125 mg/g, respectively. Compared with commercial carbon, the sewage sludge-based carbon was more suitable for heavy metal ions’ removal than dyes’.

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Activated carbon from mustard stalk biomass: Synthesis, characterization and application in wastewater treatment

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc201103010p ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-10

Author(s):

Kalpana Patidar ◽

Manish Vashishtha

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Isotherm Study ◽

Adsorption Rates

Present work is focused on the preparation of mustard stalk activated carbon (MSAC) using chemical activation with H3PO4 and exploring its properties for its use in dye removal from wastewater. Adsorption variable (dosage, contact time, and solution pH), pore structure, morphology, surface functional groups, equilibrium kinetics, and isotherm study for removal of methylene blue (MB) using MSAC were investigated. The present study showed that an adsorption dosage of 0.2 g L-1 and pH 8 can be considered as optimum for the MB removal. SEM result showed that pore of MSAC was larger than the pore of the mustard stalk (MS). BET surface area and total pore volume of MSAC were found as 510 m2 g-1 and 0.33 cm3 g-1, respectively. Equilibrium adsorption data were examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Better correspondence to the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 212.76 mg g-1 (MB onto MSAC) was obtained. Dimensionless factor, RL revealed favourable nature of the sorption in the MSAC - MB system. Adsorption rates were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation. These results show that the MSAC could be used as a renewable and economical alternative to commercial AC in the removal of MB dye from wastewater.

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Optimized preparation of activated carbon from municipal sewage sludge and application to the adsorption of azo dye from aqueous solutions

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy ◽

10.1002/ep.13008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (s1) ◽

pp. S267-S276 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyung-Won Jung ◽

Seon Yong Lee ◽

Young Jae Lee

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Municipal Sewage ◽

Municipal Sewage Sludge

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Nanoparticle Fe3O4 magnetized activated carbon from Armeniaca sibirica shell for the adsorption of Hg(II) ions

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.3.6100-6120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 6100-6120

Author(s):

Yinan Hao ◽

Yanfei Pan ◽

Qingwei Du ◽

Xudong Li ◽

Ximing Wang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Ph Value ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Entropy Change ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorption Parameters ◽

Initial Concentration

Armeniaca sibirica shell activated carbon (ASSAC) magnetized by nanoparticle Fe3O4 prepared from Armeniaca sibirica shell was investigated to determine its adsorption for Hg2+ from wastewater. Fe3O4/ASSAC was characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Optimum adsorption parameters were determined based on the initial concentration of Hg2+, reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH value in adsorption studies. The experiment results demonstrated that the specific surface area of ASSAC decreased after magnetization; however the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Hg2+ increased 0.656 mg/g and 0.630%, respectively. When the initial concentration of Hg2+ solution was 250 mg/L and the pH value was 2, the adsorption time was 180 min and the temperature was 30 °C, and with the Fe3O4/ASSAC at 0.05 g, the adsorption reaching 97.1 mg/g, and the removal efficiency was 99.6%. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/ASSAC to Hg2+ was in accord with Freundlich isotherm models, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was used to fit the adsorption best. The Gibbs free energy ΔGo < 0，enthalpy change ΔHo < 0, and entropy change ΔSo < 0 which manifested the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process.

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Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by sewage sludge-based activated carbon loaded with pyrolusite

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2017.054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 192-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sicong Yao ◽

Meicheng Wang ◽

Jilong Liu ◽

Shuxiong Tang ◽

Hengli Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Phosphate Removal ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Phosphate Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic

Abstract Activated carbons were prepared from sewage sludge by chemical activation with pyrolusite (PAC) to develop an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. One percent (wt.) pyrolusite addition was proved to have an important effect on pore formation of the produced carbon. PAC showed 17.06% larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area than the sewage sludge-based activated carbon without modification (SAC). The adsorption results showed that the phosphate removal by PAC was 13% higher than SAC's. The adsorption experiments also showed that PAC had very good performance with high phosphate removal rate (ca. 90%) in a wide pH range (pH = 4–8), and could be stable after 30 min reaction. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies demonstrated that phosphate adsorption onto the modified adsorbent was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The modified sewage sludge-based activated carbons were effective and alternative adsorbents for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution due to their considerable adsorptive capacities and the low-cost renewable sources.

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Preparation of activated carbon from corn cob and its adsorption behavior on Cr(VI) removal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 2654-2661 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shuxiong Tang ◽

Yao Chen ◽

Ruzhen Xie ◽

Wenju Jiang ◽

Yanxin Jiang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Adsorptive Capacity ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Original Solution ◽

Equilibrium Data ◽

The Impact

Operation experiments were conducted to optimize the preparation of activated carbons from corn cob. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of the produced activated carbons was also evaluated. The impact of the adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial solution pH and temperature was studied. The results showed that the produced corn cob activated carbon had a good Cr(VI) adsorptive capacity; the theoretical maximum adsorption was 34.48 mg g−1 at 298 K. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and iodine adsorption value of the produced activated carbon could be 924.9 m2 g−1 and 1,188 mg g−1, respectively. Under the initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg L−1 and the original solution pH of 5.8, an adsorption equilibrium was reached after 4 h, and Cr(VI) removal rate was from 78.9 to 100% with an adsorbent's dosage increased from 0.5 to 0.7 g L−1. The kinetics and equilibrium data agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium adsorption capacity improved with the increment of the temperature.

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Adsorption of 4-Chlorophenol onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Wheat Straw: Equilibrium Study

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.245 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi Ke Li ◽

Ya Dong Wang ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Run Ping Han ◽

Yan Qiang Li

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Equilibrium Study ◽

Major Mechanism ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Higher Temperature

The adsorption studies of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon derived from wheat straw (WAC) have been performed. Several experimental parameters like initial pH, p-CP concentration and solution temperature were evaluated. Solution pH within 2-8 is favor of adsorption and it is disadvantage of adsorption at higher temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data and Langmuir was better. The maximum capacity was 64.8 mg g–1 at 293 K. The process is spontaneous and exothermic and physical action is major mechanism.

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Preparation and Characterization of Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.614 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 599 ◽

pp. 614-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zi Jun Tang ◽

Chao Ping Cen ◽

Ping Fang ◽

Yang Ming Liang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Zinc Chloride ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Average Pore ◽

Preparation Conditions

In this study, a sewage sludge-base activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by means of ZnCl2 chemical activation-pyrolysis-carbonization. Different factors such as activated temperature, activators, additives, sludge/activation solution ratio, activated time and other factors which affecting SSAC characteristics were studied to obtain the optimal preparation conditions. The result shows that when using 3mol/L zinc chloride with the ratio of zinc chloride to sulfuric acid as 10:1(v/v), activated at 550°C with the ratio of sludge to activation solution as 1:4(w/v) for 1 hour of pyrolysis and the rate of N2 was set at 0.5L/min, the BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the SSAC was 469.80m2/g, 0.16cm3/g and 2.60nm respectively. Using SSAC to treat simulating wastewater containing 100mg(Ni2+)/L, the removal rate of Ni2+ was 20.59% with the adsorption capacity of 10.57mg/g. When the pH>10.5 the removal efficiency approached 100%.

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Activated Carbon from Spent Brewery Barley Husks for Cadmium Ion Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.22422 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ilesanmi Osasona ◽

Kayode Aiyedatiwa ◽

Jonathan Johnson ◽

Oluwabamise Lekan Faboya

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Cadmium Ion ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Barley Husk ◽

Equilibrium Data

This study investigated the feasibility of using acid activated carbon prepared from brewery spent barley husks for the adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution. The effects of operation parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration and temperature were verified. The amount of cadmium adsorbed increased with increase in solution pH, initial solution concentration and with the amount of adsorbent dosed. A time of 5 minutes was required for attainment of equilibrium. The equilibrium data obtained were analysed using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data were better described by Langmuir model with correlation coefficient of 0.9183. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal of cadmium by the activated carbon was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, activated carbon obtained from brewery spent barley husk can be employed as an economically viable low-cost adsorbent for removing cadmium from aqueous solution.

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Scavenging malachite green dye from aqueous solution using durian peel based activated carbon

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v17n1.2173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 95-103

Author(s):

Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop ◽

Mohd Azmier Ahmad ◽

Nur Ayshah Rosli ◽

Fadzil Noor Gonawan ◽

Soran Jalal Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Malachite Green ◽

Diffusion Mechanism ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Mechanism Study ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Malachite Green Dye

Physiochemical activation consists of heat treatment coupling with CO2 gasification and KOH chemical treatment were applied in preparing durian peel based activated carbon (DPAC) to remove basic dye, malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. Several parameters namely, effect of initial MG concentration as well as contact time, solution temperature and initial solution pH were carried out in this study. Characterization study revealed that DPAC pose high BET surface area which is 886.31 m2/g and its surface was found to be mesoporous in nature with heterogeneous type of pore structures. Eight isotherms and four kinetic models were utilized and it was revealed that the adsorpttion system followed Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first order (PFO) kinetic model. Mechanism study using intraparticle diffusion and Boyd plot confirmed that adsorption of MG onto DPAC was controlled by the film-diffusion mechanism. Thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption system was exothermic, spontaneous, feasible and governed by physical-type of adsorption.

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