scholarly journals Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by sewage sludge-based activated carbon loaded with pyrolusite

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicong Yao ◽  
Meicheng Wang ◽  
Jilong Liu ◽  
Shuxiong Tang ◽  
Hengli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic

Abstract Activated carbons were prepared from sewage sludge by chemical activation with pyrolusite (PAC) to develop an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. One percent (wt.) pyrolusite addition was proved to have an important effect on pore formation of the produced carbon. PAC showed 17.06% larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area than the sewage sludge-based activated carbon without modification (SAC). The adsorption results showed that the phosphate removal by PAC was 13% higher than SAC's. The adsorption experiments also showed that PAC had very good performance with high phosphate removal rate (ca. 90%) in a wide pH range (pH = 4–8), and could be stable after 30 min reaction. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies demonstrated that phosphate adsorption onto the modified adsorbent was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The modified sewage sludge-based activated carbons were effective and alternative adsorbents for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution due to their considerable adsorptive capacities and the low-cost renewable sources.

Study on Sewage Sludge-based Activated Carbons with Natural Mineral Modification for Enhanced Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiao Wang ◽  
Sicong Yao ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Meicheng Wang ◽  
Lizhi He
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic

: Activated carbons were prepared from sewage sludge by chemical activation with pyrolusite (PAC) and lithium-silicon powder addition (LSAC) to develop effective adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions from aqueous solution. Both modifiers with optimum dosage 1% (wt.) were demonstrated to exhibit important effects on the formation of adsorbent’s pore structure. PAC and LSAC showed 17.06% and 8.38% higher BET surface area than the common one without modification (AC). The XPS result showed that after modification, the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on modified activated carbons surface were remarkably improved comparing with the ordinary carbon. The adsorption results in single ion solution showed that the metal ions’ removal rates were 13~29% and 20~43% increment, respectively, by LSAC and PAC comparing with AC’s. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies showed that adsorption of heavy metal ions onto the modified adsorbents was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In a multi-ions solution system, the produced carbons showed high affinity and good selective adsorptive capacity on Cu (II), Pb (II) removal, while an improvement adsorption towards Cd(II) and Cr(III) were observed. It will help a lot in wastewater industries due to its efficiency and low-price.

Preparation and Characterization of Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 614-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Jun Tang ◽  
Chao Ping Cen ◽  
Ping Fang ◽  
Yang Ming Liang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

In this study, a sewage sludge-base activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by means of ZnCl2 chemical activation-pyrolysis-carbonization. Different factors such as activated temperature, activators, additives, sludge/activation solution ratio, activated time and other factors which affecting SSAC characteristics were studied to obtain the optimal preparation conditions. The result shows that when using 3mol/L zinc chloride with the ratio of zinc chloride to sulfuric acid as 10:1(v/v), activated at 550°C with the ratio of sludge to activation solution as 1:4(w/v) for 1 hour of pyrolysis and the rate of N2 was set at 0.5L/min, the BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the SSAC was 469.80m2/g, 0.16cm3/g and 2.60nm respectively. Using SSAC to treat simulating wastewater containing 100mg(Ni2+)/L, the removal rate of Ni2+ was 20.59% with the adsorption capacity of 10.57mg/g. When the pH>10.5 the removal efficiency approached 100%.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

scholarly journals Characteristics and adsorption study of the activated carbon derived from municipal sewage sludge

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1697-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiecheng Guo ◽  
Sicong Yao ◽  
Hengli Chen ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
Meicheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph

Sewage sludge-based activated carbon is proved to be an efficient and low-cost adsorbent in treatment of various industrial wastewaters. The produced carbon had a well-developed pore structure and relatively low Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Adsorptive capacity of typical pollutants, i.e. copper Cu(II) and methylene blue (MB) on the carbon was studied. Adsorptions were affected by the initial solution pH, contact time and adsorbent dose. Results showed that adsorption of Cu(II) and MB on the produced carbon could reach equilibrium after 240 min. The average removal rate for Cu(II) on the carbon was high, up to 97% in weak acidic conditions (pH = 4–6) and around 98% for MB in a very wide pH range (pH = 2–12). The adsorption kinetics were well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, and both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models could well describe the adsorption process at room temperature. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II) and MB on sewage sludge-based activated carbon were 114.94 mg/g and 125 mg/g, respectively. Compared with commercial carbon, the sewage sludge-based carbon was more suitable for heavy metal ions’ removal than dyes’.

Physical and Chemical Activation Effect on Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Pineapple Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Adlina Azmi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The characteristics and quality of activated carbons prepared depending on the chemical and physical properties of the starting materials and the activation method used. In this study, activated carbon prepared using pineapple waste. Three parts of pineapple waste which comprises of peel, crown and leaf were studied. For comparison activated carbon were prepared by both physical and chemical activation respectively. Three types of chemicals were used, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The preparation includes carbonization at 200°C and activation at the 400°C using muffle furnace. The chemical characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The highest BET surface area was achieved when the pineapple peel soaked in 20% phosphoric acid with a surface area of 1115 m2g-1. FTIR analysis indicates that the reacted pineapple waste successfully converted into activated carbons.

scholarly journals Removal of crystal violet dye by a novel adsorbent derived from waste active sludge used in wastewater treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Akin Sahbaz ◽  
Sahra Dandil ◽  
Caglayan Acikgoz
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage

Abstract This study dealt with preparation of the activated carbon derived from active sludge as an adsorbent for the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution. The waste active sludge was activated chemically with KOH and carbonized to get activated carbon with a large surface area and a high porosity. The activated carbon was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) instrument, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption of CV from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon was investigated under varying conditions, such as adsorbent dosage (1–6 g/L), solution pH (4–9), contact time period (0–150 min), initial dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), and temperature (25–55 °C). 4.0 g/L of adsorbent dosage was chosen as the optimum level due to having a high removal rate (96.2%) (initial CV concentration 60 mg/L; 150 rpm; pH 6; 25 °C). The adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherms were well described by the pseudo second order kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is a spontaneous process and favored at higher temperatures. The results show that the activated carbon derived from active sludge could be employed as a low-cost material for the removal of CV dye.

scholarly journals Removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution using sludge-based activated carbon modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Kang ◽  
Yali Liu ◽  
Can Yang ◽  
Han Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Nano Titanium Dioxide

Abstract Dewatered municipal sludge was used as raw material to prepare activated carbon (SAC), and the SAC was modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide (MSAC). The results showed that the MSAC had a higher specific surface area (SBET) (279.147 m2/g) and total pore volume (VT) (0.324 cm3/g) than the SAC. Simultaneously, the functional groups such as C-O, C = O, and Ti-O-Ti on the surface of MSAC were enhanced due to modification. These physicochemical properties provided prerequisites for the diffusion and degradation of pollutants in MSAC. Furthermore, the MSAC was applied to adsorb amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solution, in batch experiments, the maximum removal rate (88.19%) was observed at an initial AMX concentration of 30 mg/L, MSAC dosage of 5.0 g/L, pH of 8, contact time of 180 min, and temperature of 25 °C. In addition, the adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption of AMX onto MSAC was dominated by multilayer chemisorption. Also, the adsorption thermodynamics suggested that the adsorption process of AMX onto MSAC was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous.

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Herawan ◽  
M. S. Hadi ◽  
Md. R. Ayob ◽  
A. Putra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Time

Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.

Preparation of Activated Carbon of Lignin from Straw Pulping by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Jin ◽  
Zhi Ming Yu ◽  
Gao Jiang Yan ◽  
Wu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of lignin from straw pulping precursor using potassium carbonate as the chemical agent. Effects of activated temperature, K2CO3/lignin ratio and the activated time on the yield, Iodine number of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activated temperature 800°C, K3CO3(40% concentration) /lignin ratio 5: l, activated time 50min. These conditions allowed us to obtain a BET surface area of 1104 m2/g, including the external or non-microporous surface of 417 m2/g，Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 10.6mL/0.lg,1310 mg/g and 19.75%, respectively.

scholarly journals Bio-Adsorbent Derived from Sewage Sludge Blended with Waste Coal for Nitrate and Methyl Red Removal: Synthesis, Oxidation, Performance and Environmental Consideration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Longo Masengo ◽  
Jean Mulopo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Ammonium Peroxydisulfate ◽  
Waste Coal

Abstract Low-cost bio-adsorbents were synthesized using two types of sewage sludge: D, which was obtained during the dissolved air flotation stage, and S, which was a mixture of primary and secondary sludge from the digestion and dewatering stages. The sewage sludge was mixed with waste coal before being activated with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and oxidized with ammonium persulfate (APS). The nitrate and methyl red removal capacities of the synthesized bio-adsorbents were evaluated and compared to those of industrial activated charcoal. The oxidation surface area of bio-adsorbents derived from sludge S shrank by six fold after modification, while those derived from D only varied narrowly from 312,72 m2/g to 282,22 m2/g, but surface modification had no effect on inorganic composition in either case. The adsorption of nitrate and methyl red (MR) was performed in batch mode, and the removal processes followed the pseudo second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm fairly well. The adsorption capacities of nitrate and MR were higher at pH=2 and pH=4, respectively. The total nitrate Langmuir adsorption potential was DC-5-750 (26,735 mg/g) > commercial activated carbon (Com-AC) (20,61 mg/g) > DC-55-750M1 (17,06 mg/g), and for MR, Com-AC (196,07 mg/g) > DC-5-750M2 (175 mg/g).Statement of Novelty: This paper examines how the chemical structure of activated carbon derived from sewage sludge and blended with waste coal is altered during the chemical activation process to provide the optimal porous surface for nitrate and methyl red adsorptive remediation. The formation of carboxylic sites or the transformation of oxygen sites to carboxylic sites is the aim of the oxidation process of activated carbon in general. Ammonium peroxydisulfate was chosen because of its ability to oxidize the surface without significantly altering the porous structure and increase surface acidity by increasing carboxylic group presence. There are no studies that we are aware of that use ammonium peroxydisulfate to oxidize activated carbon from sewage sludge blended with waste coal

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