scholarly journals Sludge blanket anaerobic baffled reactor for source-separated blackwater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melesse Eshetu Moges ◽  
Daniel Todt ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Arve Heistad ◽  
Rune Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Reactor Volume ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Stable Performance

Abstract The performance of a sludge blanket anaerobic baffled reactor was tested as an integrated treatment system for source-separated blackwater. The system consists of a stirred equalization tank, a buffer inlet tank, and two identical reactors, each with a working volume of 16.4 L, operated in parallel. Both reactors run at 3-days hydraulic retention time with different intermittent pulse feeding. Pulse lengths of 12 and 24 seconds per feed were set with respective rates of 114 L h−1 and 52 L h−1 for the short-pulse fed reactor (RI) and the long-pulse fed reactor (RII). Stable performance of the reactors was attained after 120 and 90 days, for RI and RII, respectively. After stable conditions attained, total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency stabilized above 78%. Biogas production ranged from 0.52 to 1.16 L d−1 L−1 reactor volume, with 67–82% methane concentration and an average conversion of 0.69 ± 0.2 and 0.73 ± 0.2 g CH4-COD g−1CODin for RI and RII, respectively. The results imply that source-separated blackwater can be treated effectively in an anaerobic sludge blanket process on average loading rate of 2.3 ± 0.5 g COD d−1 L−1 reactor volume with high methane production potential and more than 80% removal of organic and particulate matter.

scholarly journals An experimental study on Bio-gas production by anaerobic digestion of RiceMill Wastewater (RMW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Mesophilic Temperature ◽  
Rice Mill Wastewater

<p>With the rising interest for sustainable power source and ecological security, anaerobic digestion of biogas technology has attracted considerable attention within the scientific researchers. This paper proposes a new research achievement on biogas production from Rice Mill Wastewater (RMW) with the utilization of anaerobic digester. An anaerobic digester is maintained with RMW and distillery anaerobic sludge at mesophilic temperature condition for 15 days as stabilization mode. After attaining stabilization stage, studies continued to examine the effect of Organic Loading Rate (OLR) and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of RMW. The OLR of the anaerobic reactor increased stepwise from 0.25 to 3.91 Kg COD/m3/dayand HRT ranged from 1 to 32.0 days. The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) utilized was higher than 75% and the CH4 percentage of the biogas was 62.00-63.00% for the OLRs studied. The efficient working volume of the digester is preserved as 25% of distillery anaerobic sludge and 75% of rice mill wastewater, loaded at Mesophilic temperature conditions for study purpose. By changing the conditions of OLR and HRT, biogas production, methane yield and percentage of COD reduction is examined. An anaerobic sludge is utilized as a seeding material to biodegrade the organic pollutants present in the wastewater. It will enhance the biological treatment of effluent with anaerobic sludge in a continuous mode of activity.The result showed that the proposed analysis obtains more biogas production with reduced COD when compared with existing approaches.</p>

scholarly journals The Concept of Wastes to Energy Using Sugary Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fiza Sarwar ◽  
Wajeeha Malik ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmed ◽  
Harja Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29°C. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7075 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 57-62

Effect of micro-nutrients in anaerobic degradation of sulfate laden organics

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Patidar ◽  
Vinod Tare
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Sulfide Toxicity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The effect of micro-nutrients, such as Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, and Mo, on anaerobic degradation of sulfate laden organics was investigated using bench-scale models of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), and hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR), operating in varying conditions in ten phases (organic loading of 1.9–5.75 kg COD/(m3·d), sulfate loading of 0.54–1.88 kg SO42–/(m3·d), chemical oxygen demand (COD):SO42–ratio of 2.0–8.6). In the initial phase, no nutrient limitation was observed with COD removal of more than 94% in all three systems. Subsequently, increase in sulfate loading resulted in Ni and Co limitation and their supplementation restored COD removal in UASB system. However, baffled systems did not recover because of severe inhibition by sulfide. Results indicate that precipitation of nutrients could seriously deteriorate process performance, leading to failure even before sulfide concentration attains toxic level. The limitation of Fe coupled with high sulfate loading (1.88 kg SO42–/(m3·d)) resulted in growth of low-density, fragile, hollow, and granular biomass in UASB that washed out and caused process instability. Supplementation of Fe with other nutrients stabilized UASB process and also improved COD removal.Key words: anaerobic degradation, nutrients, UASB, ABR, HABR, sulfide toxicity, sulfate laden organics.

Anaerobic treatment of crude glycerol from biodiesel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Nakazawa ◽  
W. R. S. Silva Júnior ◽  
M. T. Kato ◽  
S. Gavazza ◽  
L. Florencio
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reactor Performance

In this study, we evaluated the use of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat crude glycerol obtained from cottonseed biodiesel production. The laboratory-scale UASB reactor (7.0 L) was operated at ambient temperature of 26.5°C with chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations between 0.5 and 8.0 g/L. The volatile fatty acid contents, pH, inorganic salt contents and biogas production were monitored during a 280-day experimental period. Molecular biology techniques were used to assess the microbial diversity in the bioreactor. The reactor achieved COD removal efficiencies of up to 92% except during one phase when the efficiency decreased to 81%. Biogas production remained stable throughout the experimental period, when the fraction converted to methane reached values as high as 68%. The profile of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands suggested slight changes in the microbial community during reactor operation. The overall results indicated that the crude glycerol from biodiesel production can serve as a suitable substrate for anaerobic degradation with a stable reactor performance and biogas production as long as the applied organic loads are up to 8.06 kg COD/m3·d.

scholarly journals Comparison between biodegradable polymers from cassava starch and glycerol as additives to biogas production

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo André Cremonez ◽  
Armin Feiden ◽  
Joel Gustavo Teleken ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
Michael Feroldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Working Volume

In this study, we compared cassava starch-based biodegradable polymers (PBMs) and glycerol (G) as additives used to increase biogas production from the co-digestion of swine wastewater (ARS). We chose to work with an inoculum comprising 40% (v/v) of the total volume of the reactor; this inoculum was obtained from a Canadian model digester for treating swine waste. In the anaerobic digestion process, batch reactors were used on a laboratory scale with a total volume of approximately 4 L and a working volume of 3.2 L. Three treatments were conducted to compare the efficiency of solid removal, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the production of biogas. The first treatment contained only swine waste; the second included the addition of glycerol at 1, 3, and 5% (w/v); and the third treatment included the addition of 1, 3, and 5% (w/v) of PBM residue in relation to the swine wastewater. From the results, it can be concluded that higher yields were obtained for the treatment with 3% PBM and 1% glycerol. Most treatments showed high removal rates of total solids and total volatile solids. Reductions lower than 70% were obtained only for treatments with PBM and glycerol at a ratio of 5%.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Pig and Cow Manure with a Solar Dried Mixture of Food Waste and Olive Mill Wastewater

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Papastefanakis ◽  
Chryssa Bouki ◽  
Michail S. Fountoulakis ◽  
Christos Tsompanidis ◽  
Theofanis Lolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Olive Mill

Biogas production through anaerobic digestion is a well-established practice worldwide combining waste treatment and energy production at the same time. One of the challenges of this technology is to increase the yield of biogas production and secure the disposal of the effluent of anaerobic reactors. It is well known that various organic residues such as cheese whey, olive mill wastewater, as well as food waste from hotel units, could be combined with other materials (animal manures, sewage sludge, etc.) in order to increase biogas production through co-digestion. However, their high seasonal variation and high transport costs is a barrier for their use. Solar drying process can be a very attractive technology for volume reduction in order to decrease the storage and the transportation cost. Moreover using solar energy may well be an alternative solution for reduction of drying process costs. In this study, co-digestion of pig manure (PM) and cow manure (CM) with solar dried mixture of food waste (FW) and olive mill wastewater (OMW), named as biobooster, was studied in an attempt to improve biogas production of existing on—farms plants which co-digest manure with other farm waste. The effect of biobooster in biogas production was investigated using three lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) (3 L working volume) (D1–D3) under mesophilic conditions (37 ± 2 °C) with a hydraulic retention time of 20 days. Initially, all reactors were inoculated with anaerobic sludge originating from sewage treatment plant of the city of Heraklion, and contained 19.6 g/L TS, 10.8 g/L VS and 17.5 g/L COD. Three types of influent feedstock were utilized: D1: PM (95%) + CM (5%) (VSin = 33.58 ± 4.51 g/L), D2: PM (95%) + CM (5%) + Biobooster (1%) (VSin = 41.07 ± 7.16 g/L), D3: PM (100%) + Biobooster (1%) (VSin = 8.48 ± 0.87 g/L). The experiments showed that the addition of biobooster to pig and cow manure significantly increased biogas production by nearly 65% as value of 662.75 ± 172.50 mL/l/d compared to that with pig and cow manure alone (402.60 ± 131.89 mL/l/d). The biogas production in D3 reactor was 242.50 ± 56.82 mL/l/d. This work suggests that methane can be improved very efficiently by adding a small portion (20% increase of VS) of dried agro-industrial by-products in the inlet of digesters of existing on—farms plants.

Toxicity of Sodium and Potassium Ions on Performance of UASB System

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seni Karnchanawong ◽  
Kraiwet Kabtum
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Na+and K+ions on performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system. Three laboratory-scale UASB reactors, 15.8 - l working volume, were employed with 1 reactor operated as control. They were loaded at organic loading rate (OLR) of 5 kg COD/(m3-d), treating synthetic wastewater with COD concentration ~ 5000 mg/l. Na+and K+ions were added in the range of 1010 - 7180 and 41 - 7320 mg/l, respectively. No toxicity was observed at influent Na+and K+concentrations up to 3340 and 2750 mg/l, respectively. Slight inhibitions on COD removal were founded at Na+and K+concentrations of 4610 and 3920 mg/l, respectively, but moderate effect on biogas production had occurred. When Na+and K+concentrations were increased to 7180 and 7320 mg/l, respectively, strong inhibitions were observed with COD removal dropped to 45.5 and 48.8 %, respectively. Ratios of biogas productions, as compared to the control reactor, were dropped to 0.31 and 0.32, respectively. Increasing cation concentrations had more detrimental effect on biogas production than COD removal.

Herbal pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by a pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2265-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Satyanarayan ◽  
A. Karambe ◽  
A. P. Vanerkar
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Herbal pharmaceutical industry has grown tremendously in the last few decades. As such, literature on the treatment of this wastewater is scarce. Water pollution control problems in the developing countries need to be solved through application of cost effective aerobic/anaerobic biological systems. One such system—the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process which is known to be cost effective and where by-product recovery was also feasible was applied for treatment of a high strength wastewater for a period of six months in a pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with a capacity of 27.44 m3. Studies were carried out at various organic loading rates varying between 6.26 and 10.33 kg COD/m3/day and hydraulic retention time (HRT) fluctuating between 33 and 43 hours. This resulted in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) removal in the range of 86.2%–91.6%, 90.0%–95.2% and 62.6%–68.0% respectively. The biogas production varied between 0.32–0.47 m3/kg COD added. Sludge from different heights of UASB reactor was collected and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated good granulation with efficient UASB reactor performance.

Use of microwave pretreatment for enhanced anaerobiosis of secondary sludge

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Park ◽  
J.-H. Ahn ◽  
J. Kim ◽  
S. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand

This work elucidates the effects of pretreatment of secondary sludge by microwave irradiation on anaerobic digestion. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration increased up to 22% as microwave irradiation time increased, which indicated the sludge particles disintegrated. Three identical automated bioreactors with working volume of 5 l were used as anaerobic digesters at mesophilic temperature (35°C). The reactors were separately fed with sludge with microwave pretreated- and controlsludge at different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The volatile solid (VS) reduction in the control operation was approximately 23.2 ± 1.3%, while it was 25.7 ± 0.8% for the reactors with the pretreated sludge. The average biogas production rate with the pretreated sludge at 8, 10, 12, and 15 days HRTs was 240 ± 11, 183 ± 9, 147 ± 8, and 117 ± 7 ml/l/d respectively, while those with the control sludge were134 ± 12 and 94 ± 7 ml/l/d at 10 and 15 days HRTs. Maximum rates of COD removal and methane production with the pretreated sludge were 64% and 79% higher than those of the control system, respectively.

Effect of different neutralizing treatments on the efficiency of an anaerobic digester fed with deproteinated cheese whey

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes De Haast ◽  
Trevor J. Britz ◽  
Johannes C. Novello
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYDeproteinated whey, prepared from sweet whey powder, was digested anaerobically in a downflow fixed-bed reactor at 35 °C. Different pH control treatments were applied over a period of 210 d. Initially NaOH was added at a concentration of 68 mequiv. l-1 substrate. This was successfully replaced by 80 mequiv. Na2CO3l-1 which resulted in a 15·5% increase in biogas production and a 6·7% increase in CH4 production. A decrease in the quantity of Na2C03l-1 added led to signs of instability and a drop in CH4 production. The stepwise addition of urea restored the stability, and a further increase of urea, to a level of about 20 mequiv. l-1, made it possible to replace Na2C03 completely. When all pH control measures were omitted, complete failure resulted within 10 d. Methane yields, under stable conditions, varied between 0·321 and 0·272 m3 kg-1 chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed which corresponds to 92 and 78% of the theoretical yields. Carbon balances indicated that between 60·8 and 68·5% of the carbon fed was converted to biogas. No toxicity was observed at a carbon: nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 7·7. This was in contrast to previous results where toxicity had occurred at the same C/N ratio but at a higher concentration of Na.

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