Enhanced removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater using active carbon derived from Lantana camara plant as adsorbent

Abstract Activate carbon prepared from the stems of Lantana camara plant (ACSLC) is investigated as adsorbent for the removal of chromium (Cr) (VI) from polluted water using batch methods of extraction. Various extraction conditions such as pH, initial concentration of Cr (VI), sorbent dosage, temperature, equilibration time and presence of co-ions are optimized. The adsorption capacity is found to be 26.25 mg/g and is more than hitherto reported sorbents in the literature. The spent adsorbent can be regenerated and reused with a marginal reduction in its adsorption capacity. The active carbon is characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) studies. The sorption mechanism is investigated using various isotherm models and found that the Freundlich model describes the adsorption process well. Thermodynamic studies reveal the endothermic and spontaneous nature of physisorption. The kinetics of adsorption is well defined by the pseudo-second-order model. The methodology developed is successfully applied to effluent samples collected at various industries.

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Calcium Alginate Beads Doped with Nano-ZrO2 and Activated Carbon of Annona reticulate Plant as an Effective Adsorbent for Water Remediation of Chromium(VI)

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.22953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 281-290

Author(s):

WONDWOSEN KEBEDE BIFTU ◽

KUNTA RAVINDHRANATH

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Calcium Alginate ◽

Alginate Beads ◽

Water Remediation ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽

Calcium Alginate Beads ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Pseudo Second Order

An activated carbon produced from stems of Annona reticulate plant (SACAR) by conc. H2SO4 digestion, is observed to have strong affinity for toxic Cr(VI) ions. Its adsorptivity for Cr(VI) ions was enhanced by admixing it with ‘nano-ZrO2’ (Zr-SACAR)-synthesized adopting green methods. For ensuring easy filtration, the ‘active carbon + nanoparticle composite’ was immobilized in calcium alginate beads (Zr-SACAR-Ca). Optimum extraction conditions for these three adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from water were investigated. The adsorption capacities were found to be 92.2 mg/g for SACAR; 109.83 mg/g for Zr-SACAR and 119.34 mg/g for Zr-SACAR-Ca. The sorption nature was characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDX studies. The sorption mechanism was investigated using various isotherm models. Thermodynamic studies revealed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption. The kinetics of adsorption was well defined by the pseudo-second-order model. The spent adsorbent are regenerated and reused until six cycles with marginal decrease in Cr-adsorptivity. The adsorbents developed are effectively applied in the treatment of polluted water samples collected from Ethiopia

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Chromium (VI) adsorption onto activated sulfate lignin

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2009.038 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nassima Tazrouti ◽

Moussa Amrani

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Order Equation ◽

Second Order ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Model ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Activated lignin having surface area of 1023 m2.g-1 has been prepared from sulfate lignin that was treated by 30 % H2O2 and carbonized at 300 °C in order to test the chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution. The influence of contact time, pH, initial concentration of adsorbent and adsorbate and temperature on the adsorption capacity were investigated. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) was found to be 92,36 % at pH=2 and contact time of 80 min. Optimal concentration of lignin and Cr(VI) were found to be 3.8 g.l-1 and 180 mg.l-1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was tested pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equation. The analytical data were fitted well in a pseudo-second-order equation and the rate of removal of chromium was found to speed up with increasing temperature. Activation energy for the adsorption process was found to be 18.19 Kj.mol-1. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to describe the isotherm and isotherm constants for the adsorption of Cr (VI) on lignin. These constants and correlation coefficients of the isotherm models were calculated and compared. Results indicated that Cr (VI) uptake could be described by the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of Cr (VI) on lignin was 75.75 mg.g-1 at temperature of 40°C. The dimensionless equilibrium parameter (RL) signified a favorable adsorption of Cr (VI) on lignin and was found between 0.0601 and 0.818 (0<RL<1). The thermodynamic parameters like ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH° were calculated and it has been found that the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This study indicates that lignin has the potential to become an effective and economical adsorbent for removal Cr (VI) from the waste water.

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Chromium (VI) Adsorption on Activated Lignin

Chemical Product and Process Modeling ◽

10.2202/1934-2659.1339 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nassima Tazerouti ◽

Moussa Amrani

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Isotherm ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Second Order ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Activated lignin, having a surface area of 1023 m2 g-1, has been prepared from lignin sulfate that was treated by 30% H2O2 and carbonized at 300°C in order to test the chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution. The influence of contact time, pH, initial concentration of adsorbent and adsorbate and temperature on the adsorption capacity was investigated. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) was found to be 92.36% at pH=2 and a contact time of 80 min. Optimal concentration of lignin and Cr(VI) was found to be 3.8 gL-1 and 180mg L-1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was examined with pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations. The analytical data fit well to the pseudo-second-order equation, and the rate of removal of chromium was found to speed up by increasing the temperature. Activation energy for the adsorption process was found to be 18.19 KJ mol-1. The Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to describe the isotherm and its constants for the adsorption of Cr(VI) on lignin. These constants and correlation coefficients of the isotherm models were calculated and compared with each other. Results indicated that Cr(VI) uptake could be described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Cr(VI) on lignin was 75.75 mg g-1 at a temperature of 40°C. The dimensionless equilibrium parameter (RL) signified a favorable adsorption of Cr(VI) on lignin and was found to be between 0.0601 and 0.818 (0L<1). The thermodynamic parameters such as ?G°, ?S°, and ?H° were calculated and it has been found that the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This study indicates that lignin has the potential to become an effective and economical adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from waste water.

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Study of the adsorption capacity of Fe(II) dissolved in water by using a mineral rich in Manganese Dioxide (MnO2) from Colombia

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v83n196.53566 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (196) ◽

pp. 223-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jhonnathan Machado-Infante ◽

Gustavo Ramírez-Caballero ◽

Martha Juliana Barajas Meneses

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Open Systems ◽

Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽

Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Kinetics Of

In Colombia, a mineral rich in MnO2 is extracted from the mines of Mallama, Nariño. In this work we studied the adsorption capacity of this mineral for Fe(II) dissolved in aqueous solution of open systems. The characterization was done through ICP-AES, XRF and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of different pretreatments on the mineral with oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 and NaClO was evaluated. Studies of equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption showed that the mechanism fits well to the Langmuir isotherm and its kinetics to a model of pseudo-second order. At the conditions studied was found that the adsorption capacity for the mineral modified with KMnO4 and NaOCl were 59.209 and 51.279 mg/g respectively. It is concluded that the mineral is a potential alternative in water treatment.

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A Comparative Study on Hexavalent Chromium Adsorption onto Chitosan and Chitosan-Based Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13193427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 3427

Author(s):

Rachid El Kaim Billah ◽

Moonis Ali Khan ◽

Young-Kwon Park ◽

Amira AM ◽

Hicham Majdoubi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Equilibration Time ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Excellent Thermal Stability ◽

Monolayer Adsorption ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Chromium Adsorption ◽

Ft Ir

Chitosan (Cs)-based composites were developed by incorporating silica (Cs–Si), and both silica and hydroxyapatite (Cs–Si–Hap), comparatively tested to sequester hexavalent (Cr(VI)) ions from water. XRD and FT-IR data affirmed the formation of Cs–Si and Cs–Si–Hap composite. Morphological images exhibits homogeneous Cs–Si surface, decorated with SiO2 nanoparticles, while the Cs–Si–Hap surface was non-homogeneous with microstructures, having SiO2 and Hap nanoparticles. Thermal analysis data revealed excellent thermal stability of the developed composites. Significant influence of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, and coexisting anions on Cr(VI) adsorption onto composites was observed. Maximum Cr(VI) uptakes on Cs and developed composites were observed at pH 3. The equilibration time for Cr(VI) adsorption on Cs–Si–Hap was 10 min, comparatively better than Cs and Cs–Si. The adsorption data was fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models with respective maximum monolayer adsorption capacities (qm) of 55.5, 64.4, and 212.8 mg/g for Cs, Cs–Si, and Cs–Si–Hap. Regeneration studies showed that composites could be used for three consecutive cycles without losing their adsorption potential.

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Modified/Unmodified Nanoparticle Adsorbents of Cellulose Origin With High Adsorptive Potential for Removal of Pb(II) From Aqueous Solution

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n27p425 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (27) ◽

pp. 425

Author(s):

Azeh Yakubu ◽

Gabriel Ademola Olatunji ◽

Folahan Amoo Adekola

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽

Kinetics Of

This investigation was conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of nanoparticles of cellulose origin. Nanoparticles were synthesized by acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose/cellulose acetate using 64% H3PO4 and characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTGA, BET and SEM analysis. Adsorption kinetics of Pb (II) ions in aqueous solution was investigated and the effect of initial concentration, pH, time, adsorbent dosage and solution temperature. The results showed that adsorption increased with increasing concentration with removal efficiencies of 60% and 92.99% for Azeh2 and Azeh10 respectively for initial lead concentration of 3 mg/g. The effects of contact time showed that adsorption maximum was attained within 24h of contact time. The maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were achieved at pH6. Small dose of adsorbent had better performance. The kinetics of adsorption was best described by the pseudo-second-Order model while the adsorption mechanism was chemisorption and pore diffusion based on intra-particle diffusion model. The isotherm model was Freundlich. Though, all tested isotherm models relatively showed good correlation coefficients ranging from 0.969-1.000. The adsorption process was exothermic for Azeh-TDI, with a negative value of -12.812 X 103 KJ/mol. This indicates that the adsorption process for Pb by Azeh-TDI was spontaneous. Adsorption by Azeh2 was endothermic in nature.

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Sequential adsorptive removal of phosphate, nitrate and chromate from polluted water using active carbon derived from stems of Carissa carandas plant

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2020.102 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wondwosen Kebede Biftu ◽

M. Suneetha ◽

Kunta Ravindhranath

Keyword(s):

Active Carbon ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Capacities ◽

Carissa Carandas ◽

Phosphate Nitrate ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Sorption Mechanisms ◽

Maximum Removal

Abstract Sulphuric acid-generated active carbon from stems of Carissa carandas plant is investigated successfully as an adsorbent for the sequential removal of phosphate, nitrate and chromate from polluted water. Controlling parameters are investigated and optimized for the maximum removal of the pollutants. At pH: 7, phosphate and nitrate can be simultaneously removed, while at pH: 2, chromate can be sequentially removed from the admixtures of the three pollutants. The active carbon is characterized using FTIR, FESEM and EDX. Sorption mechanisms are investigated using various adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Thermodynamics parameters are evaluated. The data reveal the Langmuir isotherm model of adsorption, pseudo-second-order kinetics and spontaneity of sorption processes. Langmuir individual maximum adsorption capacity is: 72.75 mg/g for chromate; 63.40 mg/g for phosphate; and 49.15 mg/g for nitrate. The active carbon can be regenerated and reused. The method is used for the removal of all three pollutant ions from polluted water. The merit of this investigation is that an active carbon is identified with good adsorption capacities for the successful sequential removal of phosphate, nitrate and chromate ions from polluted water.

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Effect of Modified Eggshell on Adsorption Capacity of Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solution

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1549-1556

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Ali Alomari

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Rhombohedral Structure ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Protein Fibers ◽

Residual Protein ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Static Conditions

The aim of this work is to investigate the use of eggshell for adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and the effect of thermal treatment as well as coating with Fe2O3 of eggshell on the extraction percent of Cr(VI). The XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques proved that the eggshell mainly composed of calcite rhombohedral structure in addition to a trace of quartz silica residual protein fibers. Heating at 550 ºC does not decompose eggshell but decomposes the residual protein. The effect of pH, weight of eggshell adsorbent, contact time, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions on the adsorption of Cr(VI) on eggshell sorbents were determined under static conditions by the batch equilibrium technique. The sorption kinetic as well as mechanistic isotherm parameters of Cr(VI) on the eggshell sorbent, were analyzed. It was concluded that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on eggshell increases as pH increases in the range 3-7, then, with decreases at higher pH. The extraction percent of Cr(VI) increases with an increase in the dosage of eggshell sorbents. The optimum dosage of eggshell adsorbents was found to be 5 g after which the extraction percent of Cr(VI) did not marked increase. The extraction percent of Cr(VI) by eggshell sorbents rapidly increases within 60 min followed by a slower extraction after that when maximum adsorption was reported. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) ions is slightly reduced in case of heated eggshell due to the change that occurs in the pore size distribution and structure of eggshell during heating. Hence, the thermal treatment and coating with Fe2O3 do not affect the chemical structure of eggshell sorbents. The adsorption kinetics data were best fitted with the pseudo-second-order equation and the adsorption isotherms were best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model.

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Removal of Chromium(VI) by Chitosan Beads Modified with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10144745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 4745

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Du ◽

Chihiro Kishima ◽

Haixin Zhang ◽

Naoto Miyamoto ◽

Naoki Kano

Keyword(s):

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Chitosan Beads ◽

X Ray ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Dodecyl Sulfate

In this study, chitosan beads modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were successfully synthesized and employed for the removal of chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)). The adsorption performance of the adsorbent (SDS-chitosan beads) was examined by batch experiments. The partition coefficient (PC) as well as the adsorption capacity were evaluated to assess the true performance of the adsorbent in this work. The adsorbent (SDS-chitosan beads) showed a maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 3.23 mg·g−1 and PC of 9.5 mg·g−1·mM−1 for Cr(VI). The prepared adsorbent was characterized by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of Cr(VI) in solution. The experimental data could be well-fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was favorable under the higher temperature condition. The SDS-modified chitosan beads synthesized in this work represent a promising adsorbent for removing Cr(VI).

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Kinetic and equilibrium studies of fluoride sorption onto surfactant-modified smectites

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.2012.047.4.03 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 429-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Gamoudi ◽

N. Frini-Srasra ◽

E. Srasra

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Adsorption Kinetics ◽

Equilibrium Constants ◽

Second Order ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Fluoride Ions ◽

Pseudo Second Order

AbstractThe use of organoclays as adsorbents in the remediation of polluted water has been the subject of many recent studies. In the present work, a Tunisian smectite modified with two cationic surfactants was used as an adsorbent to examine the adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters of fluoride ions from aqueous solution. Various pH values, initial concentrations and temperatures have been tested. Two simplified kinetic models, first-order and pseudo-second-order, were used to predict the adsorption rate constants. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of fluoride onto modified smectites at different operating conditions can best be described by the pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption isotherms and equilibrium adsorption capacities were determined by the fitting of the experimental data to well known isotherm models including those of Langmuir and Freundlich. The results showed that the Langmuir model appears to fit the adsorption better than the Freundlich adsorption model for the adsorption of fluoride ions onto modified smectites. The equilibrium constants were used to calculate thermodynamic parameters, such as the change of free energy, enthalpy and entropy. Results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of organoclays for the removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution.

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