scholarly journals A resilience assessment framework for critical infrastructure networks' interdependencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1420-1431
Author(s):  
Maryam Imani ◽  
Donya Hajializadeh
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Service Restoration ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Resilience Assessment

Abstract Critical infrastructures (CIs) provide essential services to the society. As infrastructures are becoming more interdependent, there is an increasing need for better management of their interactions and interdependencies. Interdependencies among CI can cause cascading failures and, hence, amplify negative consequences due to these failures. This can also affect CIs' service restoration rate and consequently reduce their resilience in coping with these hazardous events. The common challenge currently faced by CI asset owners is the lack of robust resilience-informed business planning and management strategies in response to interdependent assets' failures due to low-probability/high-impact hazards. This is of particular importance as CI owners and managers are investing more on improving the resilience of their assets in response to extreme environmental hazards. This study has approached CI nexus from the interdependency management point of view. It has developed an integrated resilience assessment framework to identify and map interdependency-induced vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure networks. This framework can potentially support effective management of the interdependencies in CI networks. The findings have been reflected in mapping the connection between the changes in resilience due to interdependency-induced failures and the cost of intervention scenarios, providing means of exploring shared intervention strategies.

scholarly journals THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 ON ECONOMICS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGIA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
NIKA ASANIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on societies, economies and vulnerable groups is fundamental to inform and tailor the responses of governments and partners to recover from the crisis and ensure that no one is left behind in this effort. The world is facing the dangers posed by the global spread of the new COVID-19 which has created new set of problems for the economy. The Crisis has caused many difficulties for Georgia and its economy. The impact of the new virus is rippling through Georgian economy, but it might take a few months to fully see the fallout in data that track economic performance in Georgia. The coronavirus pandemic is putting enormous pressure on healthcare systems, it is affecting the global economy in an unprecedented way and it is leading to a downturn incomparable to any other economic crisis in recent history. It is hard to estimate the depth and duration of the recession for every region and country. It will depend not only on the development of pandemic, but also on specific economic futures, strengths and vulnerabilities. Today the economy is a hostage to medicine. In Georgia, had on the following industries: tourism, transportation, agriculture and real estate had the biggest negative impact from COVID-19. Hotels, restaurants and tourist agencies demand from the government to postpone the budget taxes and bank loans. Meanwhile the hospitality sector of Georgia tries to minimize the cost because of sharp drop in revenue. Different countries will need different responses to dealing with the global economic challenges. As a fact COVID-19 has taught many countries to survive during the crisis period. From the economic stand point of view, every country has suffered the negative consequences of the COVID-19. The level of the consequences had direct correlation on the economic factors.

scholarly journals Resilience assessment framework for critical infrastructure in a multi-hazard environment: Case study on transport assets

2020 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 136854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios A. Argyroudis ◽  
Stergios A. Mitoulis ◽  
Lorenzo Hofer ◽  
Mariano Angelo Zanini ◽  
Enrico Tubaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Resilience Assessment

scholarly journals Resilience Assessment in Electricity Critical Infrastructure from the Point of View of Converged Security

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Martin Hromada ◽  
David Rehak ◽  
Ludek Lukas
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Resilience Assessment

In terms of service provision, the electricity sector is the most important critical infrastructure sector, on the supply of which the vast majority of society and its basic vital functions depend. Extensive disruption of these supplies would have negative effects not only on basic human needs, but also on the economy and security of the state. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure permanent and comprehensive monitoring of the infrastructure elements resilience level, especially against threats with a multispectral impact on several areas of security. For this reason, the authors of the article developed the Converged Resilience Assessment (CRA) method, which enables advanced assessment of the electricity critical infrastructure elements resilience from the converged security point of view. Converged security in this case combines (converges) physical, cyber and operational security into a complementary unit. This reflects the integral determinants of resilience across related areas of security/safety. The CRA method focuses mainly on information and situation management, which integrates and correlates information (signals) from systems and sensors in order to obtain an overview of the situation and the subsequent effective management of its solution. The practical use of the proposed method is demonstrated on a selected element of the Czech Republic transmission system. The CRA method is currently embodied in a functional sample that has been piloted on several TSO elements. Further development of this method is seen mainly in fulfilling the logic of network infrastructure and reflection between elementary and intersectoral links in the context of synergistic and cascading effects in a broader context.

Addressing on-farm management to enhance pasture productivity and persistence

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
W.N. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Attention To Detail

Following the 2007/08 drought, we experienced poor pasture production and persistence on our dairy farm in north Waikato, leading to decreased milksolids production and a greater reliance on bought-in feed. It is estimated that the cost of this to our farming operation was about $1300 per hectare per year in lost operating profit. While climate and black beetle were factors, they did not explain everything, and other factors were also involved. In the last 3 years we have changed our management strategies to better withstand dry summers, the catalyst for which was becoming the DairyNZ Pasture Improvement Focus Farm for the north Waikato. The major changes we made were to reduce stocking rate, actively manage pastures in summer to reduce over-grazing, and pay more attention to detail in our pasture renewal programme. To date the result has been a reduced need for pasture renewal, a lift in whole farm performance and increased profitability. Keywords: Focus farm, over-grazing, pasture management, pasture persistence, profitability

Evaluation Of The Functional Of Space-Planning Arrangement Of A Building

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Cost

The article focuses on the problem of the lack of objective evaluation of space-planning arrangement of buildings as a creative approach of the architect to the performing of functional tasks by the object. It is proposed to create a methodology for assessing the functional of space-planning solutions of buildings on the basis of numerical simulation of functional processes using the theory of human flows. There is a description of the prospects of using this method, which makes it possible to increase the coefficient of compactness, materials and works saving, more efficient use of space, reduce the cost of the life cycle of the building, save human forces and time to implement the functional of the building. The necessary initial data for modeling on the example of shopping and shopping-entertainment centers are considered. There are three main tasks for algorithmization of the functional of shopping centers. The conclusion is made about necessity of development of a method for objective assessment of buildings from the point of view of ergonomics of space-planning decisions based on the study of human behavior in buildings of different purposes.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF A MECHANISM FOR STATE REGULATION OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN THE REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Lobas ◽  
◽  
Elena Petryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with modern mechanisms for managing social protection of the population by the state and the private sector. From the point of view of forms of state regulation of the sphere of social protection, system indicators usually include the state and dynamics of growth in the standard of living of the population, material goods, services and social guarantees for the poorly provided segments of the population. The main indicator among the above is the state of the consumer market, as one of the main factors in the development of the state. Priority areas of public administration with the use of various forms of social security have been identified. It should be emphasized that, despite the legislative conflicts that exist today in Ukraine, mandatory indexation of the cost of living is established, which is associated with inflation. Various scientists note that although the definition of the cost of living index has a well-established methodology, there are quite a lot of regional features in the structure of consumption. All this is due to restrictions that are included in the consumer basket of goods and different levels of socio-economic development of regions. The analysis of the establishment and periodic review of the minimum consumer budgets of the subsistence minimum and wages of the working population and the need to form state insurance funds for unforeseen circumstances is carried out. Considering in this context the levers of state management of social guarantees of the population, we drew attention to the crisis periods that are associated with the market transformation of the regional economy. In these conditions, there is a need to develop and implement new mechanisms and clusters in the system of socio-economic relations. The components of the mechanisms ofstate regulation ofsocial guarantees of the population are proposed. The deepening of market relations in the process of reforming the system of social protection of the population should be aimed at social well-being.

Wastewater management strategies for the black sea coast of Turkey

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
E. Yuksel ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Solid Waste Landfills ◽  
Sea Coast

The Black Sea, surrounded by six riparian countries, is under the threat of severe pollution, giving rise to the need of taking precautions to protect it from further deterioration. In this paper, an effort putting forth a wastewater treatment and management strategy is outlined for the Black Sea coast of Turkey, including both the technical and financial aspects. The present situation of the coast in terms of land-based pollution and infrastructure is stated, followed by an applicable management strategy. The strategy developed for the coastal settlements involves various stagewise treatment schemes based on population distribution and densities along the coastline, and on the availability of land in a specified period of thirty years. Similar strategies are proposed for the control of pollution originating from industries, for those carried by rivers joining the sea, and for leachate of solid waste landfills. The cost estimations of various treatment schemes are also given in terms of population equivalents.

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