scholarly journals Quantifying methane emissions from anaerobic digesters

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1661
Author(s):  
J. Tauber ◽  
V. Parravicini ◽  
K. Svardal ◽  
J. Krampe
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flux Chamber ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Residual Gas

Abstract In this research, sources of methane emissions of an anaerobic digester (AD) system at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with 260,000 population equivalent (PE) capacity were detected by a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) camera. The located emissions were evaluated qualitatively and were documented with photographs and video films. Subsequently, the emission sources were quantified individually using different methods like the Flux-Chamber method and sampling from the digester's circulation pipe. The dissolved methane in the sludge digester was measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 6.8% oversaturation compared to the equilibrium after Henry's law was found. Additionally, the residual gas potential of the digestate was measured using batch tests with 10 days' additional stabilisation time. The PE-specific residual gas production of the full-scale AD was calculated to 12.4 g CH4/(PE · y). An extended chemical oxygen demand (COD) balance including methane emissions for the whole digester system was calculated. Also the measured methane loads were calculated and summed up. The total methane loss of the AD was calculated at 24.6 g CH4/(PE · y), which corresponds to 0.4% of the produced biogas (4,913 g CH4/(PE · y)). PE-specific methane emission factors are presented for each investigated (point) source like the sludge outlet at the digester's head, a leaking manhole sealing and cracks in the concrete structure.

Virus elimination in activated sludge systems: from batch tests to mathematical modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Haun ◽  
Katharina Ulbricht ◽  
Regina Nogueira ◽  
Karl-Heinz Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

A virus tool based on Activated Sludge Model No. 3 for modeling virus elimination in activated sludge systems was developed and calibrated with the results from laboratory-scale batch tests and from measurements in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The somatic coliphages were used as an indicator for human pathogenic enteric viruses. The extended model was used to simulate the virus concentration in batch tests and in a municipal full-scale WWTP under steady-state and dynamic conditions. The experimental and modeling results suggest that both adsorption and inactivation processes, modeled as reversible first-order reactions, contribute to virus elimination in activated sludge systems. The model should be a useful tool to estimate the number of viruses entering water bodies from the discharge of treated effluents.

scholarly journals Initiating Biodegradation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in an Aqueous Aerobic Environment: Technical Note / Zainicjowanie Biodegradacji Poliwinylopirolidonu W Środowisku Wodno-Tlenowym: Notatki Techniczne

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketa Julinova ◽  
Jan Kupec ◽  
Roman Slavik ◽  
Maria Vaskova
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract A synthetic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP - E 1201) primarily finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its resistance and zero toxicity to organisms. After ingestion, the substance passes through the organism unchanged. Consequently, it enters the systems of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) without decomposing biologically during the waste treatment process, nor does it attach (through sorption) to particles of activated sludge to any significant extent, therefore, it passes through the system of a WWTP, which may cause the substance to accumulate in the natural environment. For this reason the paper investigates the potential to initiate aerobic biodegradation of PVP in the presence of activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The following agents were selected as the initiators of the biodegradation process - co-substrates: acrylamide, N-acethylphenylalanine and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a substance with a similar structure to PVP monomer. The biodegradability of PVP in the presence of co-substrates was evaluated on the basis of biological oxygen demand (BOD) as determined via a MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4 respirometer. The total substrate concentration in the suspension equaled 400 mg·dm-3, with the ratio between PVP and the cosubstrate being 1:1, while the concentration of the dry activated sludge was 500 mg·dm-3. Even though there was no occurrence of a significant increase in the biodegradation of PVP alone in the presence of a co-substrate, acrylamide appeared to be the most effective type of co-substrate. Nevertheless, a recorded decrease in the slope of biodegradation curves over time may indicate that a process of primary decomposition was underway, which involves the production of metabolites that inhibit activated sludge microorganisms. The resulting products are not identified at this stage of experimentation.

scholarly journals Advanced nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent using a deep bed denitrification filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 2723-2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zheng ◽  
Shenyao Zhang ◽  
Jibiao Zhang ◽  
Deying Huang ◽  
Zheng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microbial Distribution

Abstract With the improvement of wastewater discharge standards, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are continually undergoing technological improvements to meet the evolving standards. In this study, a quartz sand deep bed denitrification filter (DBDF) was used to purify WWTP secondary effluent, utilizing high nitrate nitrogen concentrations and a low C/N ratio. Results show that more than 90% of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and 75% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be removed by the 20th day of filtration. When the filter layer depth was set to 1,600 mm and the additional carbon source CH3OH was maintained at 30 mg L−1 COD (20 mg L−1 methanol), the total nitrogen (TN) and COD concentrations of DBDF effluent were stabilized below 5 and 30 mg L−1, respectively. Analysis of fluorescence revealed that DBDF had a stronger effect on the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially of aromatic protein-like substances. High throughput sequencing and qPCR results indicate a distinctly stratified microbial distribution for the main functional species in DBDF, with quartz sand providing a good environment for microbes. The phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were found to be the dominant species in DBDF.

scholarly journals Integrated Membrane Process for the Treatment and Reuse of Residual Table Olive Fermentation Brine and Anaerobically Digested Sludge Centrate

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Carlos Carbonell-Alcaina ◽  
Jose Luis Soler-Cabezas ◽  
Amparo Bes-Piá ◽  
María Cinta Vincent-Vela ◽  
Jose Antonio Mendoza-Roca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Table Olive

Management of wastewater is a major challenge nowadays, due to increasing water demand, growing population and more stringent regulations on water quality. Wastewaters from food conservation are especially difficult to treat, since they have high salinity and high organic matter concentration. The aim of this work is the treatment of the effluent from a table olive fermentation process (FTOP) with the aim of reusing it once the organic matter is separated. The process proposed in this work consists of the following membrane-based technologies: Ultrafiltration (UF) (UP005, Microdyn Nadir), Forward Osmosis (FO) (Osmen2521, Hydration Technology Innovation) and Nanofiltration (NF) (NF245, Dow). The FO process was implemented to reduce the salinity entering the NF process, using the FTOP as draw solution and, at the same time, to concentrate the centrate produced in the sludge treatment of a municipal wastewater treatment plant with the aim of obtaining a stream enriched in nutrients. The UF step achieved the elimination of 50% of the chemical oxygen demand of the FTOP. The UF permeate was pumped to the FO system reducing the volume of the anaerobically digested sludge centrate (ADSC) by a factor of 3 in 6.5 h. Finally, the ultrafiltrated FTOP diluted by FO was subjected to NF. The transmembrane pressure needed in the NF stage was 40% lower than that required if the ultrafiltration permeate was directly nanofiltered. By means of the integrated process, the concentration of organic matter and phenolic compounds in the FTOP decreased by 97%. Therefore, the proposed process was able to obtain a treated brine that could be reused in other processes and simultaneously to concentrate a stream, such as the ADSC.

Technical and experimental evaluation of an innovative decentralized technology for the municipal wastewater treatment in the city of Rome

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostina Chiavola ◽  
Piero Sirini ◽  
Sandro Cecili
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The City ◽  
Aerobic Sludge ◽  
New System

The present paper shows the results obtained through an experimental activity carried out on a pilot-scale plant using an innovative technology which couples the granular aerobic sludge with the sequencing batch process. Treatment efficiency and operation costs were evaluated in order to assess feasibility of this new technology for the upgrading of the existing continuous flow activated sludge treatment plant located in Casal Monastero, a decentralized area of the City of Rome. During start-up (about 3 months), the granular aerobic sludge was developed by controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration, the value of pH and the up-flow velocity. Besides, the influent organic loading was progressively increased starting from 0.1 kg/m3 d up to 0.9 kg/m3 d. In order to improve nitrogen removal, an anoxic phase was temporary added to the operative cycle. Complete development of the granular sludge determined an appreciable improvement of the denitrification process which allowed to eliminate the anoxic phase. At regime conditions, the plant was operated with 3 daily cycles, each one of 8 h. The new system showed a reduced sludge production (of about 20–35%) as compared to the existing plant, along with high removal efficiency of both Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and nitrogen. However, the operation was discontinuous and strictly related to the strength of the granular sludge. Therefore, a careful monitoring is recommended in order to control operation and performance of this new system.

scholarly journals Stability of Selected PAHs in Sewage Sludge/ Stabilność Wybranych Wwa W Osadach Ściekowych

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sewage Sludges

Abstract The aim of the investigations was to estimate the half-life of selected PAHs in sewage sludge. Five hydrocarbons selected from 16 PAHs- EPA were chosen. In this study, the quantity changes in the concentration 3- and 4-ring of PAHs in sewage sludges were investigated. Sewage sludges were stored under aerobic conditions for 12 weeks. At the same time the sewage sludges with the added sodium azide, in order to deactivate the microorganisms (abiotic samples), were also stored. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to qualify and quantify PAHs in 2-week intervals. Sewage sludges were taken from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Under experimental conditions the half-lives of individual compounds were diversed. In biotic samples halflife of hydrocarbons was in the range of 19 to 368 days. Half-life of PAHs in abiotic sewage sludges was in the range of 31 to 2961 days. The most persistent were phenanthrene.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Low Molecule Benzotriazoles and Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in Wastewater by Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Followed by GC-MS Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotowska Urszula ◽  
Struk-Sokołowska Joanna ◽  
Piekutin Janina
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Emulsification Microextraction

Abstract A rapid, sensitive, economically and ecologically friendly method based on one-step ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for simultaneous determination of low molecular benzotriazoles (LMBTs) and benzotriazole-based ultraviolet filters (BUVs) was developed. The optimized method allow quantification of benzotriazole (BT), 4-methylbenzotriazole (4MBT), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5MBT); 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5ClBT), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzortriazole (UV326) and 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole (UV329) in municipal and industrial (dairy) wastewater. The method was validated using real influent and effluent wastewater and samples at various stages of the purification process. Obtained relative recoveries were between 77 and 137%, limits of detection (LoDs) from 0.001 to 0.035 µg/L, the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) did not exceed 12%. The use of the method for the determination of the tested compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater showed their presence in most of the tested samples, in concentrations from LoD to 6.11 µg/L. The conducted studies of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in north-eastern Poland showed that the effectiveness of benzotriazole removal by this plant is from 29 to 84%. The load of tested compounds released into the environment by this facility ranges from 2 to 269 mg/day/1000 inhabitants.

scholarly journals Effect of the two-stage thermal disintegration and anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge on the COD fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Anna Ciaciuch ◽  
Jerzy Gaca ◽  
Karolina Lelewer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
Two Stage

Abstract The research presents the changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions during the two-stage thermal disintegration and anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Four COD fractions have been separated taking into account the solubility of substrates and their susceptibility to biodegradation: inert soluble organic matter SI, readily biodegradable substrate SS, slowly biodegradable substrates XS and inert particulate organic material XI. The results showed that readily biodegradable substrates SS (46.8% of total COD) and slowly biodegradable substrates XS (36.1% of total COD) were dominant in the raw sludge effluents. In sewage effluents after two-stage thermal disintegration, the percentage of SS fraction increased to 90% of total COD and percentage of XS fraction decreased to 8% of total COD. After AD, percentage of SS fraction in total COD decreased to 64%, whereas the percentage of other fractions in effluents increased.

Kinetics of PAA Demand and its Implications on Disinfection of Wastewaters

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Falsanisi ◽  
Ronald Gehr ◽  
Domenico Santoro ◽  
Adele Dell'Erba ◽  
Michele Notarnicola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Disinfectant demand and microbial inactivation rate are essential issues for assessing disinfection performance and proper design of disinfecting systems. In the United Kingdom and Italy, peracetic acid (PAA) has recently become an accepted disinfectant for treating wastewaters prior to reuse in agriculture, and its use is likely to spread worldwide due to its efficacy as well as the benign nature of the by-products produced. In this paper, overall PAA demand during the advanced disinfection of municipal wastewater for agricultural reuse was evaluated under different experimental conditions. Batch tests were carried out using primary and secondary settled effluents sampled at the City of Taranto municipal wastewater treatment plant. PAA dosages ranged from 1.5 to 8.5 mg/L and from 21 to 40 mg/L for the secondary and primary settled effluents, respectively. Residual PAA was measured after contact times ranging from 1 to 60 min. Results showed that after a strong and almost instantaneous initial disinfectant consumption, the PAA consumption followed first-order kinetics with both effluents. The effluent characteristics affected the values of the parameters in the consumption model. PAA disinfection efficacy was assessed in terms of total coliform and Escherichia coli indicator organism reduction; better results were achieved with the latter. The approximate solution of Hom's model established by Haas and Joffe was used to model inactivation kinetics of both microbial targets.

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