scholarly journals Na@La-modified zeolite particles for simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate from rejected water: performance and mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2975-2989
Author(s):  
Wenjiao Sang ◽  
Longjie Mei ◽  
Shiwen Hao ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Xiaoyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
New Material ◽  
Convenient Technique

Abstract Rejected water from sludge processing in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is very harmful due to its high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. It is therefore necessary to find a low-cost and convenient technique to simultaneously remove ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from rejected water. In this study, natural granular zeolite was modified by NaCl and La(OH)3 to obtain a new material (Na@La-MZP), with several advantages compared with powdered zeolite. Na@La-MZP could remove 92.61% ammonia nitrogen (50 mg/L) and 99.01% phosphate (60 mg/L) at the optimal conditions of dosage 12.5 g/L, initial pH 6.0 and reaction time 12 hours, which enabled the effluent to satisfy the discharge standard (GB 18918-2002) for municipal WWTPs in China. The maximum adsorption capacity of Na@La-MZP was determined as 17.92 mg -N/g and 9.53 mg P/g by the Langmuir isotherm. Pseudo-second-order kinetics could well illustrate the adsorption process and show that the ammonia nitrogen and phosphate can be degraded by chemical reaction. The characterizations of Na@La-MZP confirmed the removal mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate. The Na@La-MZP still maintained more than 75% removal efficiency after five reuses. Furthermore, the estimated cost of this treatment method was 0.22 $/m3 rejected water.

Distribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms in a biological aerated filter

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. González-Barceló ◽  
S. González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Secondary Settling

Biological aerated filtration is a viable option for small municipal wastewater treatment plants. A low cost filter media was obtained by triturating volcanic rock. An apparent porosity of 46 % and a specific surface area of 395 m2/m3·d were obtained once the filter was packed by using a grain size of 8.2 mm. The performance of the system, operated as a biological filter, was evaluated under an average organic load of 2.6±0.4 kgCODT/m3·d (6.7±1.1 gCODT/m2·d) without primary and secondary settling. The average CODT decreased from 220 mg/l in the influent to 88 mg/l in the effluent and the CODD was decreased from 148 mg/l in the influent to 50 mg/l in the effluent. The filter media, in combination with the biofilm, allowed a 75 % TSS removal. The ammonia nitrogen decreased from 51 mg/l in the influent to 33 mg/l in the effluent. The maximum flux coefficients of 9.3gCODdissolved/m2·d and 2.9gNH4-N/m2·d at the biofilm surface were used to simulate, with the Michaelis-Menten model, the profiles of dissolved COD, ammonium and nitrates through the aerated filter. It was possible to conclude that the backwashing procedure removed the excess biomass and was responsible for a homogeneous distribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms along the filter depth.

scholarly journals Adsorption Study of Cu2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Bael Flowers (Aegle marmelos)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11891-11904
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Initial Ph

In the present study, batch mode adsorption was carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity of dried bael flowers (Aegle marmelos) for the adsorptive removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions by varying agitation time, initial metal concentration, the dose of adsorbent, temperature, and initial pH of the Cu(II) ion solution. The percentage removal of 98.7% was observed at 50 ppm initial metal ion concentration, 0.5 g/100.00 cm3 adsorbent dosage, within the contact time of 120 minutes at 30 ºC in the pH range of 4 – 7. The sorption processes of Cu(II) ions was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir isotherm had a good fit with the experimental data with 0.97 of correlation coefficient (R2), and the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 23.14 mg g-1 at 30 ºC. The results obtained from sorption thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. SEM analysis showed tubular voids on the adsorbent. FTIR studies indicated the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, –C-O, –C=O, and amide groups in the adsorbent, which can probably involve in metal ion adsorption. Therefore, dried bael flowers can be considered an effective low-cost adsorbent for treating Cu(II) ions.

Polishing of secondary effluent by an algal biofilm process

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schumacher ◽  
I. Sekoulov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Algal Biofilm ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Process

The potential in polishing secondary effluent by an algal biofilm composed of different green and bluegreen algae was investigated. During the photosynthesis process of algal biofilm oxygen was produced while dissolved carbon dioxide was consumed. This led to an increasing pH due to the change of the carbon dioxide equilibrium in water. The high pH caused precipitation of dissolved phosphates. The attached algae took up nitrogen and phosphorus during the growth of biomass. In addition to nutrient removal, an extensive removal of faecal bacteria was observed probably caused by adsorption of the algal biofilm and by photo-oxidation involving dissolved oxygen. The experimental results suggest that a low-cost, close to nature process especially for small wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal and bacteria reduction can be developed with the aid of an algal biofilm.

Nutrient recovery and microbial diversity in human urine fed microbial fuel cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Sharma ◽  
Srikanth Mutnuri
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Equipment And Pipelines

Abstract Presence of urine in municipal wastewater is a major problem faced by wastewater treatment plants. The adverse effects are noticeable as crystallization in equipment and pipelines due to high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, improved technologies are required that can treat urine separately at the source of their origin and then discharge it in the main wastewater stream. In this study, the performance of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) was evaluated with mixed consortia and isolated pure cultures (Firmicutes and Proteobacter species) from biofilm for electricity generation and nutrient recovery. Microbes utilize less than 10% of total phosphorus for their growth, while 90% is recovered as struvite. The amount of struvite recovered was similar for pure and mixed culture (12 ± 5 g/L). The microbial characterization also shows that not all the biofilm-forming bacterial isolates are very much efficient in power generation and, hence, they can be further exploited to study their individual role in operating MFC. The different organic loading rates experiment shows that the performance of MFC in terms of power generation is the same for undiluted and five times diluted urine while the recovery of nutrients is better with undiluted urine, implying its direct use of urine in operating fuel cell.

The Behaviors of Removing Silver Ions by Low-Cost Expanded Rice Husk, Nature Diatomite and Nature Bentonite as Sorbents

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 472-475
Author(s):  
Xuan Liang ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin ◽  
Qiang Mei
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
By Products

Low cost industrial and agricultural by-products are promising materials for water pollution treatment such as removal of heavy metals. This work deals with removal of silver ions from solutions using expanded rice husk (ERH), nature diatomite (ND) and nature bentonite (NB). Firstly the influence of pH value of the solution on adsorption capacity for silver ions was studied, and then the effect of initial silver concentration on adsorbents adsorption capacity was investigated. The silver ions removal percentage increases with initial pH and achieves a maximum value of nearly 94% at pH= 5.0 ± 0.5 for ERH. The maximum adsorption capacity is 18.6 mg/g for ERH.

scholarly journals Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater via Nitrification Process Using Aerated Rock Filter

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1350-1354
Author(s):  
Rafidah Hamdan ◽  
Izzati Izwani Ibrahim ◽  
Siti Zahirah Haron
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Final Effluent

Excessive nitrogen in domestic wastewater discharge accelerates eutrophication in an aquatic ecosystem. To treat wastewater high in nitrogen conventionally are more expensive, complex and generate high amount of sludge. In line with this situation, rock filters (RF) emerged as one of attractive natural wastewater treatment method to treat wastewater high in nutrient because this filter system is easier to maintain, using low-cost filter media, and environmentally-friendly technology. However, studies on the removal of nitrogen in the system are still limited due to nitrification study under warm climate. Thus, an aerated rock filter system has been designed in this study to remove ammonia nitrogen from domestic wastewater using the recommended hydraulic loading rate in warm climate condition. The laboratory aerated rock filter system has been in operated for 2 months with 5 weeks of sampling. The filter influent and effluent samples have been collected and analyzed twice a week for Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), nitrates ,pH, temperature, DO and alkalinity to monitor the filter performance in removing nitrogen. Results from the laboratory experiments show that AN in wastewater was oxidized to nitrate and efficiently removed as the removal of ammonia nitrogen was ranged from 66.05 % to 91.30 % and the removal percentage of TKN was ranged from 63.23 % to 87.68 %. The temperature was in the range of 25°C to 27.5°C, pH value was in the range of 6.34 to 8.04, DO was from 6.64 mg/L to 7.75 mg/L, and the alkalinity was from 15 to 110 as mg /L CaCO3. Therefore, from this laboratory experiment it can be concluded that aerated rock filter system has high potential in removing AN and TKN. The system also able to produce a good final effluent quality which is comply with the effluent requirement for nutrient removal in wastewater under the Environmental Quality Act (Sewage) Regulations, 2009 that is safe to be released to the water body.

scholarly journals NaA zeolite derived from blast furnace slag: its application for ammonium removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Guo ◽  
Lizhen Tang ◽  
Bingji Yan ◽  
Kang Wan ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Naa Zeolite ◽  
Bf Slag

In this paper, high value added NaA zeolite material was prepared from blast furnace (BF) slag by hydrothermal method and its adsorption behavior on the removal of ammonium ion was investigated. It was found out that the synthetic NaA cubic zeolite with smaller crystal size obtained at nSiO2/nAl2O3 = 2 and nH2O/nNaOH = 20 showed better adsorption performance. The kinetics of the adsorption of ammonium ion by synthesized NaA zeolite was fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intra-particle diffusion modeling reveals that two mixed rate-controlling mechanisms were involved in the adsorption process. The relatively high value of activation energy of 92.3 kJ·mol−1 indicates a high impact of temperature on the adsorption rate, and the nature of ammonium adsorption is chemical reaction rather than physisorption. Based on the thermodynamics calculations, the adsorption of ammonium was found to be an endothermic, spontaneous process. The adsorption isothermal analysis showed that the Langmuir model could be well fitted and a maximum adsorption capacity of 83.3 mg·g−1 of NH4+ was obtained. Thus, it was demonstrated that by forming low cost NaA zeolite and using it for environmental remediation, the synchronous minimization of BF slag and ammonia nitrogen contamination could be achieved.

The limits and ultimate possibilities of technology of the activated sludge process

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1671-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. van Nieuwenhuijzen ◽  
A. G. N. van Bentem ◽  
A. Buunnen ◽  
B. A. Reitsma ◽  
C. A. Uijterlinde
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

The (low loaded) biological nutrient removing activated sludge process is the generally accepted and applied municipal wastewater treatment method in the Netherlands. The hydraulical and biological flexibility, robustness and cost efficiency of the process for advanced removal of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus without (too much) chemicals results in a wide application of the activated sludge process within Dutch waterboards. Presumably, wastewater treatment plants will have to contribute to the improvement of the quality of the receiving surface waters by producing cleaner effluent. In this perspective, the Dutch research organisation STOWA initiated a research project entitled “The Boundaries of the Activated Sludge Process” to investigate the possibilities and limitations of activated sludge processes to improve the effluent quality. It is concluded that the activated sludge process as applied and operated at WWTP's in the Netherlands has the potential to perform even better than the current effluent discharge standards (10 mg Ntotal/l and 1 mg Ptotal/l). Reaching the B-quality effluent (<5mg Ntotal/l and <0.3 mg Ptotal/l) will be possible at almost all WWTPs without major adjustments under the conditions that:   the sludge load is below 0.06 kg BOD/kg TSS.d   the internal recirculation is above 20   the BOD/N ratio of the influent is above 3. Complying with the A-quality effluent (<2.2 Ntotal/l and <0.15 mg Ptotal/l) seems to be difficult (but not impossible) and requires more attention and insight into the activated sludge process. Optimisation measures to reach the A-quality effluent are more thorough and are mostly only achievable by additional construction works (addition of activated sludge volume, increasing recirculation capacity, etc.). It is furthermore concluded that the static HSA-results are comparable to the dynamic ASM-results. So, for fast determinations of the limits of technology of different activated sludge processes static modelling seems to by sufficient.

scholarly journals Application of new biosorbent based on chemicaly modified Lagenaria vulgaris shell for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous solutions: Effects of operational parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Kostic ◽  
Miljana Radovic ◽  
Jelena Mitrovic ◽  
Danijela Bojic ◽  
Dragan Milenkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Process Mode ◽  
Lagenaria Vulgaris

In present study a low cost biosorbent derived from Lagenaria vulgaris plant by xanthation, was tested for its ability to remove copper from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, initial pH, initial concentration of copper(II) ions and adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency were studied in a batch process mode. The optimal pH for investigated metal was 5. A dosage of 4 g dm-3 of xanthated Lagenaria vulgaris biosorbent (xLVB) was found to be effective for maximum uptake of copper(II). The kinetic of sorption of metal was fast, reaching at equilibrium in 50 min. The kinetic data were found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 23.18 mg g-1 copper(II) ions on xLVB. The presence of sulfur groups on xLVB were identified by FTIR spectroscopic study. Copper removal efficiency was achieved at 81.35% from copper plating industry wastevater.

REDUCTION OF COD IN NAM SON LANDFILL LEACHATE BY ELECTRO-FENTON AS SECONDARY TREATMENT AFTER ELECTROCOAGULATION PRETREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Son Thanh Le ◽  
Khai Cao LE
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment

Landfill leachate is a high-strength wastewater that is most difficult to deal with because the fluctuating of composition and quality as well as high concentration of specific pollutants (PAH, PCBs, heavy metals) and very high ammonia nitrogen and COD concentrations. So, after a pre-treatment as electrocoagulation, over 73% of COD has been treated from Nam Son landfill leachate, however the output value of COD still exceeds the QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B. So, an electro-fenton process was employed to secondarily treat Nam Son landfill leachate, after an electrocoagulation pre-treatment.  This electro-fenton system used a Pt gauze anode and a commercial carbon felt cathode to electrogenerate in situ hydrogen peroxide and regenerate ferrous ion as catalyst. In this study, the effects of various operating conditions such as initial pH, concentration of Fe2+ catalyst, current applied on reduction of COD in Nam Son landfill leachate were examined. At the optimal condition: applied current of 1A, pH 3, Fe2+ concentration of 0.1m M, Na2SO4 concentration of 0.05 M, 77.2% COD reduction can be reached within 60 min and the output value of COD is 130.9 mg.L-1, according to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B. The research results indicated that electro-fenton process can promise as a potential method in practice for secondary treatment of landfill leachate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document