Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater via Nitrification Process Using Aerated Rock Filter

Excessive nitrogen in domestic wastewater discharge accelerates eutrophication in an aquatic ecosystem. To treat wastewater high in nitrogen conventionally are more expensive, complex and generate high amount of sludge. In line with this situation, rock filters (RF) emerged as one of attractive natural wastewater treatment method to treat wastewater high in nutrient because this filter system is easier to maintain, using low-cost filter media, and environmentally-friendly technology. However, studies on the removal of nitrogen in the system are still limited due to nitrification study under warm climate. Thus, an aerated rock filter system has been designed in this study to remove ammonia nitrogen from domestic wastewater using the recommended hydraulic loading rate in warm climate condition. The laboratory aerated rock filter system has been in operated for 2 months with 5 weeks of sampling. The filter influent and effluent samples have been collected and analyzed twice a week for Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), nitrates ,pH, temperature, DO and alkalinity to monitor the filter performance in removing nitrogen. Results from the laboratory experiments show that AN in wastewater was oxidized to nitrate and efficiently removed as the removal of ammonia nitrogen was ranged from 66.05 % to 91.30 % and the removal percentage of TKN was ranged from 63.23 % to 87.68 %. The temperature was in the range of 25°C to 27.5°C, pH value was in the range of 6.34 to 8.04, DO was from 6.64 mg/L to 7.75 mg/L, and the alkalinity was from 15 to 110 as mg /L CaCO3. Therefore, from this laboratory experiment it can be concluded that aerated rock filter system has high potential in removing AN and TKN. The system also able to produce a good final effluent quality which is comply with the effluent requirement for nutrient removal in wastewater under the Environmental Quality Act (Sewage) Regulations, 2009 that is safe to be released to the water body.

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Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Domestic Wastewater Using Vertical Aerated Limestone Filter

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.232 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 752-753 ◽

pp. 232-237

Author(s):

Rafidah binti Hamdan ◽

Izzati Izwani Ibrahim ◽

Ain Nabila Abdul Talib

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Water Body ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Filter System ◽

Nitrification Process ◽

Final Effluent

Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. Excessive concentrations in the water body can cause excessive growth of algae and other plants, leading to accelerate eutrophication of lakes, and occasional depletion of dissolved oxygen. To remove nitrogen conventionally from domestic wastewater requires a high cost technology due to consumption of chemicals, high operational and maintenance cost. Therefore, an alternative low cost treatment technology particularly for nutrient removal including nitrogen removal system has been developed to improve the final effluent quality that is an aerated rock filter system. However, the optimization study under warm climate has not yet been developed. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the removal of ammonia nitrogen (AN) from domestic wastewater through nitrification process using a lab-scale vertical aerated limestone filter. Domestic wastewater sample used in this study was collected from Taman Bukit Perdana Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Batu Pahat, Johor owned by IWK. The experiment has been carried out for 10 weeks. The influent and effluent of the vertical aerated limestone filter system have been sampled and analyzed on biweekly basis for selected parameters including AN, Total Kjedhal Nitrogen (TKN), pH, alkalinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen to monitor the effectiveness of the filter. Results from this study show that nitrification process has took place within the aerated limestone filter as the results from laboratory experiments show that AN in wastewater was oxidized to nitrate and efficiently removed as the removal of AN was ranged from 85 % to 92 % and the removal percentage of TKN was ranged from 83.52 % - 91.67 %. The temperature was in the average of 26.3oC±0.75, pH value average of , DO was from 6.64 mg/L to 7.75 mg/L , and the alkalinity was from 15 to 110 mg / l as CaCO3 . Therefore, from this study it can be concluded that aerated rock filter system has high potential in removing AN and TKN. It is also able to produce a good final effluent quality which is comply with the effluent requirement for nutrient removal in wastewater under the Environmental Quality Act (Sewage) Regulations, 2009 that is safe to be released to the water body.

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Studies on Treatment of Waste Fountain Solution from Sheet-Fed Offset Printing

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.321 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 731 ◽

pp. 321-324

Author(s):

Lian Fang Li ◽

Wei Min Wang ◽

Chang Xing Liao ◽

Yi Yi Zhou ◽

Jia Hao Gong

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Second Grade ◽

Offset Printing ◽

Calcium Hypochlorite ◽

Oxidation Treatment ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Polyaluminium Chloride

This article explores treatment method of waste fountain solution from sheet-fed offset printing. First calcium chlorate is used to have a oxidation treatment for the waste water, then it is dealt with composite coagulants polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and cation polyacrylamide (CPAM) under different pH value. The results show that quality of the waste fountain solution could reach the national second-grade standard of sewage comprehensive discharge through the above treatment (GB 8978--1996) when treating with 0.7 g/L calcium hypochlorite and then sinking with PAC 4.0 g/L, CPAM 75.0 mg/L under the pH value of 8.0 for about 10 minutes. With the optimum treatment conditions removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and hexavalent chromium are above 90%, 94%, near to 98% and above 99% respectively.

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Comparative MCDM Analysis for AMD Treatment Method Selection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-501642/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zoran Štirbanović ◽

Vojka Gardić ◽

Dragiša Stanujkić ◽

Radmila Marković ◽

Jovica Sokolović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

Ph Value ◽

Low Cost ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Passive Treatment ◽

Copper Production ◽

Capital Costs

Abstract Robule Lake is located in Eastern Serbia, near city of Bor, known for copper production, and it is being influenced by waste materials from mining activities. For the purification of water from Robule Lake, contaminated with various metal ions (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, etc.), acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment methods such as: passive treatment method, sequential neutralization, ion exchange, adsorption process based on low cost adsorbents, adsorption process based on natural zeolits, electrodialysis, filtration with nanofiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis, were evaluated by following MCDM methods: TOPSIS, VIKOR, MOOSRA; WASPAS, and CoCoSo. Criteria used for the evaluation were: efficiency in the metal ions removal and the quality of the purified water, necessity of pre-treatment and / or post-treatment of treated water, possibility of using the generated waste, capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, needed area, and sensitivity of the method. The results of the MCDM analysis showed that sequential neutralization was the most appropriate for this wastewater, while passive treatment system and ion exchange were ranked as second and third, respectively.After the selection of AMD treatment method, neutralization tests with lime were carried out on the water sample from Robule Lake. The results of sequential neutralization testing showed that concentration of Fe ions could be lowered below the maximal allowable concentration prescribed by Serbian legislation at pH value 4. The other metal ions: Cu, Zn, and Ni needed pH value 7, and Mn and Cd needed pH 10 for effective removal.

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The Treatment of High Concentration Dyeing Wastewater with Pulsed Current Electrocoagulation

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v10n5p87 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Wang ◽

Hong Cheng Tan ◽

Yong Liang Zhang ◽

Yong Zhang Pan

Keyword(s):

Electrode Materials ◽

Ph Value ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Pulsed Current ◽

Dyeing Wastewater ◽

High Concentration ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Pre Treatment

In this study, a small pulsed current electrocoagulation device was used to treat high concentration dyeing wastewater from a specific dyeing mill, and the effects of the electrode materials, reaction time, voltage, pH value, and aeration on the results of the treatment were examined. The results showed that under the following operational conditions: electrode materials were iron electrodes, time period was 15 min, voltage was 120 V, and initial pH was approximately 6, the removal rates of the COD, ammonia nitrogen, and color were 79.45%, 23.89%, and 87.50%, respectively. On this basis, a pulsed current electrocoagulation device, with a handling capacity of 0.5 m3/h, was used to conduct a pilot plant test for a period of one month. The results showed that the effluent quality (COD 1217.4 mg/L and NH4+-N 358.2 mg/L on average) of the high-concentration dyeing wastewater, whose COD and NH4+-N concentrations were 5328 mg/L, 595 mg/L, respectively after the treatment of a pulsed current electrocoagulation reactor, was superior to the effluent quality (COD 1400 mg/L and NH4+-N 450 mg/L) of the mill’s actual pre-treatment system (flocculation-anaerobic treatment-acidification), and fully reached the influent requirements of the subsequent aerobic treatment. The results of this study showed that pulsed current electrocoagulation reactors may be effectively used for the pre-treatment of high concentration dyeing wastewater due to the observed advantages, such as good treatment effects, small investment, and economical space occupation.

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Performance of Novel Contact Stabilization Activated Sludge System on Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Ingenieria y Universidad ◽

10.11144/javeriana.iyu19-2.pncs ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Andrés Felipe Torres Franco ◽

Nancy Vásquez Sarria ◽

Jenny Rodriguez Victoria

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Growth Zone ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Activated Sludge System ◽

Suspended Growth ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Final Effluent

A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate a traditional contact stabilization activated sludge system (CSASC) and a modified CSAS (CSASM) treating domestic wastewater. The CSASC system was comprised of a contact reactor (CR), a stabilization reactor (SR) and a secondary settler (SS); the CSASM included a second CR, a second SS (CR2 and SS2), and a modified SR (SRM) divided into four zones: an attached-suspended growth zone which allowed the system to reach an average sludge retention time close to 36 d and favored the occurrence of nitrification; an anoxic zone for denitrification occurrence; an aerated suspended growth zone with a high presence of organic carbon; and an additional aerated suspended growth zone with a high ammonia concentrations environment. The CSASC’s removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) were respectively 94±4 % and 53±12%; whereas CSASM’s efficiencies were 88±7% for COD and 92±7% for TAN. Concentrations of TAN and NO3 --N in the CSASC’s final effluent were 14.3±5.2 and 5.0±2.9 mg×L-1; and 4.8±4.4 and 9.1±5.8 mg×L-1 in the CSASM’s final effluent. Results demonstrated that the proposed configuration obtained higher nitrogen removal efficiencies than traditional CSAS.

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Nitrate Removal from Domestic Wastewater by Using Denitrification Limestone Filter

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.578 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1051 ◽

pp. 578-582

Author(s):

Rafidah binti Hamdan ◽

Tengku Nur Zulaikha ◽

Izzati Izwani Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Filter Design ◽

Nitrate Removal ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Wastewater Sample ◽

Filter System ◽

Do Concentration ◽

Denitrification Process

Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. Excessive concentrations in the water body can cause excessive growth of algae and other plants, leading to accelerate eutrophication of lakes, and occasional depletion of dissolved oxygen. To remove nitrogen conventionally from domestic wastewater requires a high cost technology due to consumption of chemicals, high operational and maintenance cost. Therefore, an alternative low cost treatment technology particularly for nutrient removal including nitrogen removal system has been developed to improve the final effluent quality that is an aerated rock filter system. However, in the previous works in the UK the system was outperformed in removing ammonia nitrogen with limited nitrate removal. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the removal of nitrate from domestic wastewater through denitrification process using a lab-scale limestone filter. Domestic wastewater sample used in this study was collected from Taman Bukit Perdana Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Batu Pahat, Johor owned by IWK. The treatments were run in lab-scale limestone denitrification filter for 10 weeks. Effluent from nitrification filter was passing through the limestone denitrification filter as influent for further treatment. The in fluent and effluent of the filter system have been sampled and analyzed on biweekly basis for selected parameters including pH, alkalinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen to monitor the effectiveness of the filter. Results from this study show that denitrification process has took place even the percentages of nitrate removal were considerably low but it seems promising with some modification of designing the the limestone filter to enhance denitrification process. The highest removal rate was 17.66%. Low removal of nitrate was inhibited within the filter system might be due to the high DO concentration as it was found that the range of DO was 4.75-7.78 mg/L. To permit the denitrification process to take place within the filter system, it is required an anoxic condition in the presence of nitrate with minimum DO concentration. Consequently, some modifications to the filter design will be considered in the future research in order to enhance the removal of nitrate through denitrification process.

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Na@La-modified zeolite particles for simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate from rejected water: performance and mechanism

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (12) ◽

pp. 2975-2989

Author(s):

Wenjiao Sang ◽

Longjie Mei ◽

Shiwen Hao ◽

Dong Li ◽

Xiaoyang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Low Cost ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

High Concentration ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Initial Ph ◽

New Material ◽

Convenient Technique

Abstract Rejected water from sludge processing in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is very harmful due to its high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. It is therefore necessary to find a low-cost and convenient technique to simultaneously remove ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from rejected water. In this study, natural granular zeolite was modified by NaCl and La(OH)3 to obtain a new material (Na@La-MZP), with several advantages compared with powdered zeolite. Na@La-MZP could remove 92.61% ammonia nitrogen (50 mg/L) and 99.01% phosphate (60 mg/L) at the optimal conditions of dosage 12.5 g/L, initial pH 6.0 and reaction time 12 hours, which enabled the effluent to satisfy the discharge standard (GB 18918-2002) for municipal WWTPs in China. The maximum adsorption capacity of Na@La-MZP was determined as 17.92 mg -N/g and 9.53 mg P/g by the Langmuir isotherm. Pseudo-second-order kinetics could well illustrate the adsorption process and show that the ammonia nitrogen and phosphate can be degraded by chemical reaction. The characterizations of Na@La-MZP confirmed the removal mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate. The Na@La-MZP still maintained more than 75% removal efficiency after five reuses. Furthermore, the estimated cost of this treatment method was 0.22 $/m3 rejected water.

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Copper removal from sludge permeate with ultrafiltration membranes using zeolite, bentonite and vermiculite as adsorbents

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.859 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 581-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. Malamis ◽

E. Katsou ◽

M. Stylianou ◽

K. J. Haralambous ◽

M. Loizidou

Keyword(s):

Membrane Fouling ◽

Ph Value ◽

Low Cost ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Copper Removal ◽

Ultrafiltration Membranes ◽

Ion Exchange Capacity ◽

Mineral Addition ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Final Effluent

The aim of this work is to examine copper removal from sludge permeate with the use of low-cost minerals of Mediterranean origin combined with ultrafiltration membranes. The minerals used were zeolite (clinoptilolite), bentonite and vermiculite. Activated sludge was enriched with 0.01 N (317.7 ppm) of Cu(II). Fixed concentrations of minerals were added to sludge and the pH value was adjusted at 5.5. The mixture was agitated for 2 hours at 800 rpm at room temperature and was then filtered through a batch ultrafiltration system for 1 hour. This experiment was repeated, for comparison purposes, with sludge enriched with 0.01 N of Cu(II) with no mineral addition. The results showed that ultrafiltration membranes with no mineral addition were able to remove a significant amount of copper with removal efficiencies ranging from 59.4–78.3%. The addition of 10 g/l and 20 g/l of bentonite combined with ultrafiltration membranes resulted in removal efficiencies of 94.9% and 99.4% respectively and that of 10 g/l and 20 g/l of vermiculite in removal efficiencies of 93.8% and 96.8%, respectively. The ion exchange capacity of minerals followed the order bentonite > vermiculite > zeolite. Furthermore, membrane fouling was investigated. The addition of zeolite and bentonite reduced membrane fouling, while the addition of vermiculite did not impact on fouling. The use of low-cost minerals in combination with ultrafiltration membranes can be employed to treat industrial wastewater, resulting in a final effluent with very low copper concentrations.

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Low Cost Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant for Production of High Quality Effluent at Small Works

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0518 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (5-6) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Chambers ◽

J. Whitaker ◽

A. F. Elvidge

Keyword(s):

Suspended Solids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Aeration Tank ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Demonstration Plant ◽

The Uk

In the UK there are over 7000 small works which treat the sewage from populations of less than 10,000. Many of these works are at risk of non-compliance with effluent quality consents and options for improving the standard of treatment are being pursued by many utilities. WRc and Anglian Water Services have developed designs for packaged sewage treatment plants to serve populations in the range of 1000-10,000. A demonstration plant has been constructed at the Waterbeach STW of Anglian Water to serve a population of about 6,500. Target effluent quality is 15:20:5mg/l of BOD, SS and ammonia nitrogen respectively on a 95 percentile basis. Following plant commissioning a process performance evaluation programme was commenced in February 1991. Nitrification was established after about 6 weeks of operation but suspended solids values have been affected by the presence of a stable foam on the surface of the aeration tank. Process modifications have reduced the effect of this phenomenon substantially and effluent quality has improved.

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A Low Cost Method for Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewaters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1986.0077 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Ignjatovic ◽

P. Marjanović

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Pistia Stratiotes ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Eichornia Crassipes ◽

Effective Use

At the town of Sokobanja, experiments were conducted with selected aquatic macrophytes in order to remove nutrients from domestic wastewater and thus improve the effluent quality and help prevent the eutrophication of lake Bovan. The effective use of Eichornia crassipes Martius (water hyacinith), Pistia stratiotes I. (water lettuce) and Salvinia auriculata for the removal of BOD, NH3 and PO4 has been demonstrated. In the course of the experiments temperature proved to be the most significant limiting factor under local conditions. The plants are of tropical origin which makes them very suitable for use in Mediterranean countries. A special advantage of this technology also lies in the fact that the plants cannot survive in braekish water and there is no danger of their propagation into marine ecosystems. The technology can be implemented very efficiently by slightly adapting the existing stabilization ponds or by constructing new specialized systems. In any case, the economic effects can be extremely positive since there is no need for expensive equipment and skilled labour.

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