scholarly journals Hospital wastewater treated with a novel bacterial consortium (Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp.) for phytotoxicity reduction in Berseem clover and Tomato crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeba Rashid ◽  
Safdar A. Mirza ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Sikander Ali ◽  
Luiza C. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Berseem Clover ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Abstract Hospital wastewaters are produced in large amount in Pakistan (∼362–745 L/bed.day) and are discharged without proper treatment. They are widely used by farmers for crop irrigation and induce a phytotoxic effect on plant growth. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of untreated and treated hospital wastewater on seed germination of a fodder crop Trifolium alexandrinum (berseem clover) and a food crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). A bacterial consortium was formed with three bacterial strains, i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp., which were individually proven efficient in previous studies. The concentrations of untreated and treated hospital wastewater (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used to irrigate these crop seeds. To assess the efficiency of treatment, the germination percentage (GP), delay index (DI), germination index (GI), stress tolerance indices (STIs), seedling vigour index (SVI) and phytotoxicity index (PI) were calculated and were statistically proven significant. The seeds grown in treated wastewater concentrations showed negative values of Phytotoxicity indices (tomato: −0.36, −0.47, −0.78 and −1.11; berseem clover: −0.23) which indicate a stimulatory or non-toxic effect on seedling growth. Our work proposes that this bacterial consortium is efficient for hospital wastewater treatment before crop irrigation.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approach to Predict Quality Parameters for Bacterial Consortium-Treated Hospital Wastewater and Phytotoxicity Assessment on Radish, Cauliflower, Hot Pepper, Rice and Wheat Crops

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Aneeba Rashid ◽  
Safdar A. Mirza ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Umer Z. Ijaz ◽  
Sikander Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Raw hospital wastewater is a source of excessive heavy metals and pharmaceutical pollutants. In water-stressed countries such as Pakistan, the practice of unsafe reuse by local farmers for crop irrigation is of major concern. In our previous work, we developed a low-cost bacterial consortium wastewater treatment method. Here, in a two-part study, we first aimed to find what physico-chemical parameters were the most important for differentiating consortium-treated and untreated wastewater for its safe reuse. This was achieved using a Kruskal–Wallis test on a suite of physico-chemical measurements to find those parameters which were differentially abundant between consortium-treated and untreated wastewater. The differentially abundant parameters were then input to a Random Forest classifier. The classifier showed that ‘turbidity’ was the most influential parameter for predicting biotreatment. In the second part of our study, we wanted to know if the consortium-treated wastewater was safe for crop irrigation. We therefore carried out a plant growth experiment using a range of popular crop plants in Pakistan (Radish, Cauliflower, Hot pepper, Rice and Wheat), which were grown using irrigation from consortium-treated and untreated hospital wastewater at a range of dilutions (turbidity levels) and performed a phytotoxicity assessment. Our results showed an increasing trend in germination indices and a decreasing one in phytotoxicity indices in plants after irrigation with consortium-treated hospital wastewater (at each dilution/turbidity measure). The comparative study of growth between plants showed the following trend: Cauliflower > Radish > Wheat > Rice > Hot pepper. Cauliflower was the most adaptive plant (PI: −0.28, −0.13, −0.16, −0.06) for the treated hospital wastewater, while hot pepper was susceptible for reuse; hence, we conclude that bacterial consortium-treated hospital wastewater is safe for reuse for the irrigation of cauliflower, radish, wheat and rice. We further conclude that turbidity is the most influential parameter for predicting bio-treatment efficiency prior to water reuse. This method, therefore, could represent a low-cost, low-tech and safe means for farmers to grow crops in water stressed areas.

Efficacy of Cavern Isolates for Biodegradation of Synthetic Plastic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Tabassum ◽  
Muhammad Luqman ◽  
Fariha Hasan ◽  
Fariha Arooj ◽  
Saif Ur Rehman Kashif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ldpe Film ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Bacillus Sonorensis ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
First Time

: Synthetic plastic waste management is a tenacious environmental concern at the global level. Although all types of synthetic plastics are a nuisance to the environment, however, versatility and one time use have made polyethylene (PE) a foremost environmental issue. The current study has investigated cavern bacterial strains isolated from PE samples from San Giovanni cave, Sardinia, Italy for their efficacy to biodegrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. It was an initial effort to use cavern bacteria in plastic biodegradation studies. Chemical and physical changes in the composition of LDPE were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after incubation with the bacterial consortium for two months. Collected cavern PE plastic samples were also studied for biodegradation after incubation in nutrient broth for two months. FTIR revealed obvious signs of degradation with the appearance of two new peaks of functional groups, nitriles (C≡N) and amines (N-H) in LDPE film, which are intermediate metabolites of β- oxidation pathway. An increase in various existing peaks of several intermediate metabolites including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, were also observed in experimental LDPE compared to control. Peaks of alkanes decreased significantly owing to cavern bacterial activity. SEM revealed biofilm formation on experimental LDPE surface with substantial mechanical damage. Similar signs of degradation were observed in the cavern PE samples. Four bacterial strains in the current consortium, including Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus subtilis, Aneurinibacillus spp., and Alcaligenes faecalis are first time reported to be linked with biodegradation of plastics. The cavern bacteria under study have the potential to biodegrade LDPE.

scholarly journals Appraisal on Microbiologal Qualities of Hospital Wastewaters from off a Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Usman Kolawole Muftau ◽  
Arotupin Daniel Juwon ◽  
Ekundayo, Fatuyi Olanipekun
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

Aims: This study investigates the microorganisms associated with hospital wastewaters collected from the Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria, during the wet and dry seasons. Study Design: This project was a cross sectional descriptive study in which subjects were hospital wastewater samples collected from the study site. Place and Duration of Study: the samples were analyzed in the department of microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methodology: Microbiological study of one hundred and twenty-six samples of hospital wastewater collected both during wet season and dry season periods in the years 2018 – 2019 from Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria, was carried out using conventional and molecular techniques respectively and the Global Positioning System (GPS) of each collection site was accurately recorded. Results: The microbial load of wet season samples collected from Offa Local Government Area ranged between 7±4,00 and 150±43.59 while that of dry season samples ranged between 10±2.00 x 105 and 225±67.27 (x 105cfu/ml). The bacteria isolated from wet season samples included; Alcaligenes faecalis, A. aquatilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus with percentage occurrences of 65.4, 19.2 and 15.4 respectively, while bacteria isolated from dry season sample were A. faecalis and S. saprophyticus with percentages occurrence of 79.17 and 20.89, respectively. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that hospital wastewater collected during dry season period had more bacterial load than that of wet season period. The findings also confirmed A. faecalis as the most predominant and prevailing bacteria inhabiting hospital wastewater. Thus, care must be taken by avoiding hospital wastewater from getting into the municipal water supply to prevent infections associated with A. faecalis, A. aquatilis and S. saprophyticus.

scholarly journals Indigenous Bacillus paramycoides and Alcaligenes faecalis: potential solution for the bioremediation of wastewaters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeba Rashid ◽  
Safdar A. Mirza ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Sikander Ali ◽  
Luiza C. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal 6

AbstractFarmers near towns and cities are using wide range of untreated wastewaters for crop irrigation in Pakistan due to severe freshwater shortage. The present study aimed to treat different types of wastewater including domestic, hospital, textile, pharmaceutical and mixed wastewaters using indigenous bacterial isolates to remove contaminants and render these wastewaters safer for irrigation. 37 bacterial strains were isolated from the 5 wastewater samples collected from different sites in Lahore, Pakistan. Under optimum growth conditions, the isolates D6, D7 and P1 showed maximum decolourisation potential of 96, 96, 93 %, respectively against hospital wastewater. GCMS analysis of the untreated hospital wastewater confirmed the presence of pharmaceutic pollutants i.e. Phenol, Salicylic acid, Caffeine, Naproxen, Octadecene and Diazepam. These organic compounds were biodegraded into derivate Ticlopidine in the case of isolate D6, derivatives Tetradecene and Griseofulvin in the case of isolate D7, and derivatives Lidocaine and Butalbital in the case of isolate P1. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify these isolates. Isolates D6 and D7 showed 100 and 99.86 % homology to Bacillus paramycoides, a novel strain from Bacillus cereus group (Liu et al., 2017). Isolate P1 showed 97.47 % homology to Alcaligenes faecalis. These strains therefore could represent a low-cost and low-tech alternative to bioremediate complex wastewaters prior to irrigation to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 6 - clean water and sanitation in Pakistan.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Dye Degradation by Leaf and Root Extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Dipesh Shahi ◽  
Rajiv Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test

The use of different dyes and pigments is increasing with the increase in industrialization leading to the high production of effluent. The effluent contaminated with dyes and dye-stuff has harmful effects on public health and the environment. Thus, the treatment of effluent is essential. Biological approaches are gaining much interest due to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature over various physicochemical methods for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater. This study highlights on the biodegradation of congo red and malachite green by using leaf and root extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus. The extract and the dye were mixed in the ratio of 1:2 and incubated at 40ºC for 90 minutes. Decolorization assay was performed using UV visible spectrophotometer which indicated that decolorization was due to degradation of dyes into non-colored metabolites. The leaves extract exhibited higher decolorizing activity than roots extract. The maximum decolorization for leaves extract was 55.8% (congo red) and 51.6% (malachite green). Furthermore, phytotoxicity test was carried out to determine the effect of dyes and their degradation metabolites on seed germination and seedling growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). The germination percentage and seedling growth were more in degradation metabolites than untreated dyes, indicating less toxic nature of degradation metabolites. Hence, it can be inferred that P. hysterophorus extracts can be used to treat dye wastewater and treated wastewater can be used for irrigation. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 327-331

Germination percentage and emergence potential of nine newly introduced temperate forage germplasms in Shika, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Y. M. Ishiaku ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
S. A. Abubakar ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

A trial was conducted to investigate the germination percentage and emergence potential of nine imported temperate forage germplasms at the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Nigeria. The seeds consisted of seven grasses namely; Beefsteak plant (Fructus perillae), Sweet elephant grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), Wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), King grass (Pennisetum sinese), Chinese sorghum (Sweet sorghum) and Zea mexican schard (Purus frumentum) and two legumes namely; Chinese woad (Isatis tinctoria) and Chinese alfalfa (Medicago sativa). A laboratory germination test and pot emergence trial was carried out to ascertain their viability. The result of the experiment showed that Sweet elephant grass, napier grass and king grass recorded over 90 % germination and the least was 30 % in Chinese sorghum. Chinese alfalfa and wild foxtail millet had least germination percentage with 100 % Seed dormancy.Highest emergence rate, seedling length and seedling vigour indexwere observed in king grass than the other forage germplasms. The highest percentage emergence was obtained in king grass > sweet elephant grass > napier grass > Zea mexican schard > beefsteak plant > Chinese woad > Chinese sorghum, respectively. It was concluded that these forages can successfully be adopted as animal feed resources in Nigeria and therefore, recommended formulti-locational trials in all the ecological zones of the country.

scholarly journals Development of priming technology for enhanced planting value of seeds in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-743
Author(s):  
Umesh Hiremath ◽  
Basave Gowda ◽  
Lokesh G.Y . ◽  
B. S. Ganiger
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Vigour Index

The continuous rise in global population demands more food production under limited land resources accompanied by climate change. More oversupply of quality seeds to meet ever-growing food demand is a highly challenging task. Seeds with low vigour level limit the growth and yield of crops at varied field conditions. Hence, an experiment was conducted to develop a technique for the fast and homogeneous growth of kabuli chickpea seeds. The priming treatments evaluated in the present study enhanced the various seed quality parameters of kabuli chickpea significantly when compared to control. Hydro-priming for 4 hours (at 20°C) and air drying for 72 hours showed better results compared to rest of the treatments both in fresh seeds which recorded higher first count (66.38%), germination (92.50%) root length (11.85 cm), shoot length (6.16), mean seedling length (18.01), dry seedling weight (747 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1665), higher speed of emergence (0.3992) and old seeds with higher first count (61.88%), germination (74.13%) root length (8.15 cm), shoot length (5.85 cm), mean seedling length (14.00 cm), seedling dry weight (611 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1056), higher speed of emergence (0.3814). The aged seeds have recorded 29 % increase in germination percentage in contrast to 8 percent increases in fresh seeds. Kabuli chickpea seeds could be subjected to hydropriming, an affordable, alternative, and eco-friendly technique for improving seed and seedling vigour of kabuli chickpea.

Farmers’ acceptance and willingness to pay for using treated wastewater in crop irrigation: A survey in western Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 106262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoherh Deh-Haghi ◽  
Asghar Bagheri ◽  
Zahra Fotourehchi ◽  
Christos A. Damalas
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Waste stabilization ponds and rock filters: solutions for small communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Mara ◽  
M.L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Crop Irrigation

In temperate climates facultative ponds and rock filters (either unaerated or, if ammonia removal is required, aerated) are a low-cost but high-performance treatment system for small rural communities. Effluent quality is suitable for surface water discharge or, in summer, for restricted crop irrigation. In tropical climates anaerobic and facultative ponds and either unaerated rock filters or, if ammonia reduction is required, subsurface horizontal-flow or vertical-flow constructed wetland, can be used if the effluents are discharged to surface waters. However, if the treated wastewater is to be used for crop irrigation, then a 3-log unit pathogen reduction by treatment in anaerobic, facultative and single maturation ponds is required for both restricted and unrestricted irrigation, provided that, in the case of unrestricted irrigation, there are in place post-treatment health-protection control measures that together provide a further 4-log unit pathogen reduction.

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