Efficacy of Cavern Isolates for Biodegradation of Synthetic Plastic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Tabassum ◽  
Muhammad Luqman ◽  
Fariha Hasan ◽  
Fariha Arooj ◽  
Saif Ur Rehman Kashif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ldpe Film ◽  
Intermediate Metabolites ◽  
Bacillus Sonorensis ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
First Time

: Synthetic plastic waste management is a tenacious environmental concern at the global level. Although all types of synthetic plastics are a nuisance to the environment, however, versatility and one time use have made polyethylene (PE) a foremost environmental issue. The current study has investigated cavern bacterial strains isolated from PE samples from San Giovanni cave, Sardinia, Italy for their efficacy to biodegrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. It was an initial effort to use cavern bacteria in plastic biodegradation studies. Chemical and physical changes in the composition of LDPE were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after incubation with the bacterial consortium for two months. Collected cavern PE plastic samples were also studied for biodegradation after incubation in nutrient broth for two months. FTIR revealed obvious signs of degradation with the appearance of two new peaks of functional groups, nitriles (C≡N) and amines (N-H) in LDPE film, which are intermediate metabolites of β- oxidation pathway. An increase in various existing peaks of several intermediate metabolites including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, were also observed in experimental LDPE compared to control. Peaks of alkanes decreased significantly owing to cavern bacterial activity. SEM revealed biofilm formation on experimental LDPE surface with substantial mechanical damage. Similar signs of degradation were observed in the cavern PE samples. Four bacterial strains in the current consortium, including Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus subtilis, Aneurinibacillus spp., and Alcaligenes faecalis are first time reported to be linked with biodegradation of plastics. The cavern bacteria under study have the potential to biodegrade LDPE.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils using indigenous bacterial consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Yalda Basim ◽  
Ghasemali Mohebali ◽  
Sahand Jorfi ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Mehdi Ahmadi Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Similar Texture

Background: Biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds is a great environmental concern due to their toxic nature and ubiquitous occurrence. In this study, biodegradation potential of oily soils was investigated in an oil field using indigenous bacterial consortium. Methods: The bacterial strains present in the contaminated and non-contaminated soils were identified via DNA extraction using 16S rDNA gene sequencing during six months. Furthermore, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were removed from oil-contaminated soils. The TPH values were determined using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results: The bacterial consortium identified in oil-contaminated soils (case) belonged to the families Halomonadaceae (91.5%) and Bacillaceae (8.5%), which was significantly different from those identified in non-contaminated soils (control) belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae (84.6%), Paenibacillaceae (6%), and Bacillaceae (9.4%). It was revealed that the diversity of bacterial strains was less in oil-contaminated soils and varied significantly between case and control samples. Indigenous bacterial consortium was used in oil-contaminated soils without need for amplification of heterogeneous bacteria and the results showed that the identified bacterial strains could be introduced as a sufficient consortium for biodegradation of oil-contaminated soils with similar texture, which is one of the innovative aspects of this research. Conclusion: An oil-contaminated soil sample with TPH concentration of 1640 mg/kg was subjected to bioremediation during 6 months using indigenous bacterial consortium and a TPH removal efficiency of 28.1% was obtained.

scholarly journals Hospital wastewater treated with a novel bacterial consortium (Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp.) for phytotoxicity reduction in Berseem clover and Tomato crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeba Rashid ◽  
Safdar A. Mirza ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Sikander Ali ◽  
Luiza C. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Berseem Clover ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Abstract Hospital wastewaters are produced in large amount in Pakistan (∼362–745 L/bed.day) and are discharged without proper treatment. They are widely used by farmers for crop irrigation and induce a phytotoxic effect on plant growth. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of untreated and treated hospital wastewater on seed germination of a fodder crop Trifolium alexandrinum (berseem clover) and a food crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). A bacterial consortium was formed with three bacterial strains, i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp., which were individually proven efficient in previous studies. The concentrations of untreated and treated hospital wastewater (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used to irrigate these crop seeds. To assess the efficiency of treatment, the germination percentage (GP), delay index (DI), germination index (GI), stress tolerance indices (STIs), seedling vigour index (SVI) and phytotoxicity index (PI) were calculated and were statistically proven significant. The seeds grown in treated wastewater concentrations showed negative values of Phytotoxicity indices (tomato: −0.36, −0.47, −0.78 and −1.11; berseem clover: −0.23) which indicate a stimulatory or non-toxic effect on seedling growth. Our work proposes that this bacterial consortium is efficient for hospital wastewater treatment before crop irrigation.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Fructosyltransferase from Lactobacillus reuteri That Synthesizes High-Molecular-Weight Inulin and Inulin Oligosaccharides

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4390-4398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. F. T. van Hijum ◽  
G. H. van Geel-Schutten ◽  
H. Rahaoui ◽  
M. J. E. C. van der Maarel ◽  
L. Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Fructosyltransferase (FTF) enzymes produce fructose polymers (fructans) from sucrose. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an FTF-encoding gene from Lactobacillus reuteri strain 121. A C-terminally truncated version of the ftf gene was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. When incubated with sucrose, the purified recombinant FTF enzyme produced large amounts of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) with β-(2→1)-linked fructosyl units, plus a high-molecular-weight fructan polymer (>107) with β-(2→1) linkages (an inulin). FOS, but not inulin, was found in supernatants of L. reuteri strain 121 cultures grown on medium containing sucrose. Bacterial inulin production has been reported for only Streptococcus mutans strains. FOS production has been reported for a few bacterial strains. This paper reports the first-time isolation and molecular characterization of (i) a Lactobacillus ftf gene, (ii) an inulosucrase associated with a generally regarded as safe bacterium, (iii) an FTF enzyme synthesizing both a high molecular weight inulin and FOS, and (iv) an FTF protein containing a cell wall-anchoring LPXTG motif. The biological relevance and potential health benefits of an inulosucrase associated with an L. reuteri strain remain to be established.

Diversity of nodular bacteria ofScorpiurus muricatusin western Algeria and their impact on plant growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoulikha Bouchiba ◽  
Zineb Faiza Boukhatem ◽  
Zohra Ighilhariz ◽  
Nouria Derkaoui ◽  
Benaissa Kerdouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
First Time

A total of 51 bacterial strains were isolated from root nodules of Scorpiurus muricatus sampled from 6 regions of western Algeria. Strain diversity was assessed by rep-PCR amplification fingerprinting, which grouped the isolates into 28 different clusters. Partial nucleotide sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and BLAST analysis revealed that root nodules of S. muricatus were colonized by different species close to Rhizobium vignae, Rhizobium radiobacter, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense, Phyllobacterium endophyticum, Starkeya sp., and Pseudomonas sp. However, none of these strains was able to form nodules on its host plant; even nodC was present in a single strain (SMT8a). The inoculation test showed a great improvement in the growth of inoculated plants compared with noninoculated control plants. A significant amount of indole acetic acid was produced by some strains, but only 2 strains could solubilize phosphate. In this report we described for the first time the diversity of bacteria isolated from root nodules of S. muricatus growing in different regions in western Algeria and demonstrated their potential use in promoting plant growth.

scholarly journals Identification of mechanical damage in the 'Fuji' apple cv. using artificial hyperspectral vision

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (210) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Oscar Leonardo García Navarrete ◽  
Sergio Cubero García ◽  
José Manuel Prats Montalbán
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Over Time

One problem in the post-harvest phase of apples is the mechanical impact damage; its identification prevents quality issues during storage. The objective was to identify the wavelengths at which the damage is detected early in apples of the 'Fuji' cultivar, simulating the damage with a controlled stroke and taking hyperspectral images from 400 to 1700 nm. Three experiments were carried out at different temperatures (4 and 20 ° C) and with varying sampling times. It was found that in the NIR zone ranging between 1050 and 1100 nm, it was possible to classify healthy and bruised zones by means of a discriminant analysis by partial least squares (PLS-DA). Additionally, the evolution of the damage over time was not significant for the classification of the pixels (healthy and bruised classes), since bumps were detected in all three experiments from the first time.

scholarly journals Removal of Microcystin-LR by a Novel Native Effective Bacterial Community Designated as YFMCD4 Isolated from Lake Taihu

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yang ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Feiyu Huang ◽  
Isaac Massey ◽  
Ruixue Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cost Efficient

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic and frequently detected monocyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, which poses a great threat to the natural ecosystem and public health. It is very important to seek environment-friendly and cost-efficient methods to remove MC-LR in water. In this study, the MC-degrading capacities of a novel indigenous bacterial community designated as YFMCD4 and the influence of environmental factors including various temperatures, MC concentrations and pH on the MC-degrading activities were investigated utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the MC-degrading mechanism of YFMCD4 was also studied using HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization interface (HPLC-ESI-MS). The data showed MC-LR was completely removed at the maximum rate of 0.5 µg/(mL·h) under the optimal condition by YFMCD4. Two pure bacterial strains Alcaligenes faecalis and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiohila were isolated from YFMCD4 degraded MC-LR at a slower rate. The MC-degrading rates of YFMCD4 were significantly affected by different temperatures, pH and MC-LR concentrations. Two intermediates of a tetrapeptide and Adda appeared in the degradation process. These results illustrate that the novel YFMCD4 is one of the highest effective MC-degrading bacterial community, which can completely remove MC-LR and possesses a significant potential to treat water bodies contaminated by MC-LR.

scholarly journals Revealing the Physical Changes Taking Place in Z-Track Motion in Low Mass X-Ray Binaries

2004 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
M. Bałucińska-Church ◽  
M. J. Church ◽  
G. Halai ◽  
A. Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Spectral Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Astrophysical Problem ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
First Time ◽  
X Ray Binaries

The explanation of the strong physical changes clearly taking place in the Z-track class of Low Mass X-ray Binaries has so far not been obtained, and this remains a significant astrophysical problem, without which we cannot claim to understand accretion in LMXB. We have for the first time applied the Birmingham emission model (2,3) to this problem to attempt to obtain a solution from the spectral evolution along the Z-track in the source GX 340+0 observed with Rossi- ХTE. In this model, X-ray emission consists of blackbody from the neutron star, plus Comptonized emission from an extended ADC.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Causing Bacterial Wilt of Potato in Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1292-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Siri ◽  
A. Sanabria ◽  
M. J. Pianzzola
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Levels

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major disease affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) production worldwide. Although local reports suggest that the disease is widespread in Uruguay, characterization of prevalent R. solanacearum strains in that country has not been done. In all, 28 strains of R. solanacearum isolated from major potato-growing areas in Uruguay were evaluated, including 26 strains isolated from potato tubers and 2 from soil samples. All strains belonged to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1 (race 3, biovar 2). Genetic diversity of strains was assessed by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction, which showed that the Uruguayan strains constituted a homogeneous group. In contrast, inoculation of the strains on tomato and potato plants showed, for the first time, different levels of aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains belonging to phylotype IIB, sequevar 1. Aggressiveness assays were also performed on accessions of S. commersonii, a wild species native to Uruguay that is a source of resistance for potato breeding. No significant interactions were found between bacterial strains and potato and S. commersonii genotypes, and differences in aggressiveness among R. solanacearum strains were consistent with previously identified groups based on tomato and potato inoculations. Moreover, variation in responses to R. solanacearum was observed among the S. commersonii accessions tested.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bioactivity of Methanolic Extracts from Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl.) Schiede ex Standl., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Cirsium mexicanum DC., Eryngium carlinae F. Delaroche, and Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Used in Traditional Medicine in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peter Knauth ◽  
Gustavo J. Acevedo-Hernández ◽  
M. Eduardo Cano ◽  
Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí ◽  
Zaira López
Keyword(s):  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
First Time

Seven out of eight methanolic extracts from five plants native to Mexico were inactive against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The fruit extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides inhibited the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 4375 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC = 1094 μg/ml), and Salmonella typhimurium (MIC = 137 μg/ml). The fruit extract of C. ambrosioides was with CC50 = 45 μg/ml most cytotoxic against the cell-line Caco-2, followed by the leaf extract from Pithecellobium dulce (CC50 = 126 μg/ml); interestingly, leaves of C. ambrosioides (CC50 = 563 μg/ml) and bark of P. dulce (CC50 = 347 μg/ml) extracts were much less cytotoxic. We describe for the first time the cytotoxic effect from extracts of the aerial parts and the flowers of Cirsium mexicanum (CC50 = 323 μg/ml and CC50 = 250 μg/ml, resp.). Phytochemical analysis demonstrated for both extracts high tannin and saponin and low flavonoid content, while terpenoids were found in the flowers. For the first time we report a cytotoxicological study on an extract of Eryngium carlinae (CC50 = 356 μg/ml) and likewise the bark extract from Amphipterygium adstringens (CC50 = 342 μg/ml). In conclusion the fruit extract of C. ambrosioides is a potential candidate for further biological studies.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial potentialities of (Nk-lysin peptides of chicken, bovine, and human) against bacteria and rotavirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged. M Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Hejin ◽  
Turki S Abujaml ◽  
S Abd-Elmaksoud ◽  
Salem M. El-Hamidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
First Time

Abstract For the first time, this study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the relative antibacterial activity of three different Nk-lysin peptides from human, chicken, and bovine activity compared to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as antiviral activity against rotavirus (strain SA-11) and finally mechanisms of action optionality. This report is the first of its kind that investigates the increased antimicrobial ability of (Nk-lysin + AgNPs) and (Nk-lysin + human IL-2) combinations against S. typhi activity by carrying out direct comparison under similar experimental settings. Our results showed that gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, are susceptible to NK-lysin treatment. It was shown in our findings that there was equal potentiality in mixture (Nk-lysin + AgNPs) and (Nk-lysin + human IL-2) for preventing the growth of S. typhi, however, when added together, there was minor increase in the level of action. In our study, the TOHO-1 gene was absent in treated bacteria. Following treatment with Nk-lysin peptides, the beta-lactamases genes (CTX-M-1, M-8, and M-9) were not found in any bacterial strains. The examination did not find any of the plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes in the bacterial strains as a response to NK-lysin treatment. Nonetheless, no study has been carried out in the past that characterized the antiviral activity of bovine, human and chicken Nk-lysin peptides. Hence, this is the foremost study on the enhanced antimicrobial activity of human, bovine and chicken Nk-lysin peptides against Rotavirus (strain SA-11). The findings of the study demonstrated that the powerful antiviral activities were exhibited by Nk-lysin peptides against Rotavirus (strain SA-11). Based on the comparison between these peptides, it can be concluded that there is an evident potent antiviral activity of bovine Nk-lysin against Rotavirus (strain SA-11) as it restrains infection by up to 90%. However, growth was restricted by 80% by chicken Nk-lysin and by 50% by the human peptide.

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