scholarly journals The importance of organic carbon as a coadjutant in the transport of pollutants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pisa Grudzien Iubel ◽  
Sérgio Michelotto Braga ◽  
Maria Cristina Borba Braga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Dissolved organic carbon is a physicochemical parameter widely used in the evaluation of surface water quality, however, its role as an agent of transport and transference of pollutants sometimes is still disregarded. The DOC heterogeneous composition, predominantly composed of humin, humic and fulvic acids, renders it an inherent capacity to bound to organic and inorganic pollutants. This is an important feature when the knowledge of present and future conditions of aquatic environments is of concern. Some authors concluded that DOC is a controlling agent of mobility of metals, phosphorus, herbicides, and pesticides, among others. Nevertheless, some physical and chemical conditions in the water column and in the sediment can immobilize the contaminants and make the DOC less soluble, which will hamper the formation of DOC-pollutant complexes. This mini review is intended to present the importance of DOC quantification and some information on its association with water contaminants, which could render them unavailable for uptaking.

scholarly journals Identifikasi lingkungan perairan untuk budi daya karang hias di desa Arakan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indri S Manembu ◽  
Edwin L.A Ngangi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Bottom Substrate ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research aimed to gather data and information as well as to evaluate the waters condition and water quality suitable for ornamental coral aquaculture, so the characteristic of Arakan waters for ornamental coral aquaculture could be examined.  The research applied Explorative Descriptive method with Purposive Sampling.  Research stations were established at 20 points representing the overall ecosystem of Arakan waters.  Data collected  consisted of physical conditions (bottom substrate, flow rate, turbidity, water depth, salinity, temperature, TSS) and  chemical conditions (pH, DO, nitrate, phosphate). Data were analyzed using Matching Method by matching the data obtained from sea water standard quality table for marine biota in accordance to Kep.Men. LH No. 51/2004 and data from Hutabarat and Evans (1984).  Based on physical and chemical conditions, Arakan waters was suitable for ornamental coral aquaculture or categorized as suitable. However, water temperature at the time of measurement was not proper,  thus monitoring of this parameter for longer period was required. Keywords: Arakan Village, ornamental coral, water quality, waters condition,  matching                      method

scholarly journals Organik Tavukçulukta İçme Suyu Özellikleri, Beslemedeki Önemi ve Su Kalitesini Artırmaya Yönelik Uygulamalar

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Eleroğlu ◽  
Arda Yıldırım ◽  
Ahmet Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The source of water, the content and quality is very important used in every stage of poultry production. The birds must have continuous access and supply of quality water without any antibiotic and bacteriological residues. Sensory, physiochemical properties and chemical composition must be taken into consideration while assessing water quality. The quality of water used in the production of conventional or organic poultry has impacts on the poultry health, quality of products and human health. The impact of water quality is higher on the functionality of water in live organism and the consumption amount varies depending on many factors. A source of water which is used in organic production is also important with their characteristics. Different water sources may be used for animal consumption, such as springs, shallow wells, deep and artesian wells, lakes and creeks. Organic farms should regularly submit water samples to a laboratory for testing of water quality against the possibility of contamination of water sources. Water contaminants could create equipment problems and restrict the amount of water available for consumption therefore affects the quality of products. There are many aspects to the broad problems of water quality and different physical and chemical applications used to ensure sustainability of water quality for human and animal use. In this review, it will be focused on the quality of the water to be used in the organic poultry production and quality enhancing physical and chemical applications.

scholarly journals Sources and fate of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in lakes of a Boreal Plains region recently affected by wildfire

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 6093-6141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Olefeldt ◽  
K. J. Devito ◽  
M. R. Turetsky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Lake Morphometry ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Boreal Plains ◽  
Peat Pore Water ◽  
Surface Geology

Abstract. Downstream mineralization and sedimentation of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) render lakes important for landscape carbon cycling in the boreal region, with regulating processes potentially sensitive to perturbations associated with climate change including increased occurrence of wildfire. In this study we assessed chemical composition and reactivity (during both dark and UV incubations) of DOC from lakes and terrestrial sources within a peatland-rich western boreal plains region partially affected by a recent wildfire. While wildfire was found to increase aromaticity of DOC in peat pore-water above the water table, it had no effect on concentrations or composition of DOC from peatland wells and neither affected mineral well or lake DOC characteristics. Lake DOC composition reflected a mixing of peatland and mineral groundwater, with a greater influence of mineral sources to lakes in coarse- than fine-textured settings. Peatland DOC was less biodegradable than mineral DOC, but both mineralization and sedimentation of peatland DOC increased substantially during UV incubations through selective removal of aromatic humic and fulvic acids. DOC composition in lakes with longer residence times had characteristics consistent with increased UV-mediated processing. We estimate that about half of terrestrial DOC inputs had been lost within lakes, mostly due to UV-mediated processes. The importance of within-lake losses of aromatic DOC from peatland sources through UV-mediated processes indicate that terrestrial-aquatic C linkages in the study region are largely disconnected from recent terrestrial primary productivity. Together, our results suggest that characteristics of the study region (climate, surface geology and lake morphometry) render linkages between terrestrial and aquatic C cycling insensitive to the effects of wildfire by determining dominant terrestrial sources and within-lake processes of DOC removal.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 053
Author(s):  
María Paz Salazar ◽  
Rafael Villarreal ◽  
Luis Alberto Lozano ◽  
María Florencia Otero ◽  
Nicolás Guillermo Polich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Quality Diagnosis

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important factor for soil quality diagnosis. Physical and chemical fractionation of SOC are useful to characterize SOC, because some fractions are more sensitive indicators of the effects of different management practices. The aims of this study were (i) to determine values of SOC and different fractions of SOC at different depths and positions in an Argiudoll of the Argentinian Pampas under NT, and (ii) to determine the relation between physical and chemical fractions of SOC. In an experimental plot located in Chascomús, we determined SOC content, humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), humins, coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (POCc and POCf) and mineral associated organic carbon (MOC), at different depths and in the row and inter-row. The content of SOC and different SOC fractions, as well as the contribution of each fraction to SOC showed a vertical variation. The contribution of HA and POCc (newer and more labile fractions) to SOC was larger in the surface than in deeper layers, while humins’ (older and more recalcitrant fraction) contribution to SOC increased with depth, and the contribution of FA, POCf and MOC to SOC remained relatively constant. There was no effect of row and inter-row in SOC content and composition. FA content was correlated to POCc, HA content to POCc and POCf and humins to MOC.

scholarly journals New possibility for characterization of dissociation behaviour of supramolecular electrolytes: results obtained for the International Humic Substances Society standard and reference samples by coulometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Klučáková
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Reference Samples

Abstract Background Humic substances can be considered as polyelectrolytes with supramolecular character and complicated behaviour in water environment. The fractions of humic substances dissolved in water are the most active ones and determinative for their functioning in nature, where the proton-binding and dissociation ability play a crucial role. The dissociation behaviour of humic and fulvic acids can be affected by different circumstances including their concentration which is directly connected with the molecular organization of humic particles in solution and the accessibility of their ionizable functional groups. This study is focused just on these active fractions and their dissociation behaviour in the dependence on their content in studied system. Results Standards and reference samples of International Humic Substances Society were used. Flow-through coulometry was used to determine the total content of acidic functional groups in fulvic solutions and humic leachates. The amount of dissociated acidic groups was determined on the basis of potentiometry. Several differences between the behaviour of humic and fulvic acids were found. While whole samples of fulvic acids including the weakest functional groups were analysed, only the active dissolved humic fractions containing stronger acidic functional groups were characterized. The fractions containing higher amounts of the weakest functional groups remained insoluble. The dissociation degree of fulvic acids decreased with their increasing content, but a maximum on its concentration dependence obtained for humic acids was observed. Conclusions Two different values of dissociation constants were determined for each sample. The first was determined on the basis of the extrapolation of infinite dilution, second was determined as their average value in the region of high concentrations in which it was constant. Obtained values characterize the functioning of dissolved humic substances from point of view of their dissociation ability. The results obtained by this approach can help to predict the acid–base behaviour of dissolved organic carbon in soil and generally in nature. The acid–base behaviour of dissolved organic carbon depends on its ratio to water. It behaves differently in soil which is dry and in soil which is wet or saturated by water.

scholarly journals Changes in Water-Extractable Organic Carbon with Cover Crop Planting under Continuous Corn Silage Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S30708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Grebliunas ◽  
Shalamar D. Armstrong ◽  
William L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Parallel Factor ◽  
Water Extractable

Long-term row crop agricultural production has dramatically reduced the pool of soil organic carbon. The implementation of cover crops in Midwestern agroecosystems is primarily to reduce losses of nitrogenous fertilizers, but has also been shown to restore soil carbon stocks over time. If labile carbon within agricultural soils could be increased, it could improve soil health, and if mobilized into subsurface drainage, it may positively impact watershed biogeochemistry. We tested for potential differences in water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) at two different soil profiles (0-5 cm and 5-20 cm) between plots planted with cereal rye/daikon radish (cover crop), corn, and zero control (no vegetation) within the Illinois State University Research and Teaching Farm. We also tested for potential differences in denitrification within the upper soil profile throughout the growing year. We modeled excitation–emission matrices from soil cores through parallel factor analysis. We found no difference in WEOC concentrations between each crop treatment ( P = 0.2850), but concentrations of WEOC were significantly lower in the 5-20 cm profile than that in the upper (0-5 cm) profile ( P = 0.0033). There was a significant increase in WEOC after each treatment in samples after cover crop termination. The parallel factor analysis model found humic and fulvic acids to be the dominant fractions of WEOC in all soils tested. Humic and fulvic acids accounted for ~70% and 30% of model variation. Denitrification rates did not differ across treatments ( P = 0.3520), which is likely attributed to soil WEOC being in limiting quantities and in primarily recalcitrant fractions. After three years, cover crops do not appear to alter soil WEOC quantity and type. Restoring the availability of carbon within agricultural soils will not be a short-term fix, and fields will likely be a net carbon sink, contributing minimal labile carbon to receiving waterways.

scholarly journals Biological Monitoring Using Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Water Quality of Maroaga Stream in the Maroaga Cave System, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazon, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Brito Uherek ◽  
Fernando Bernardo Pinto Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Score System ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aquatic environments are being modified by anthropogenic activities regarding their biological, physical, and chemical conditions; even pristine aquatic ecosystems can be threatened. This study focused on the biological monitoring of Maroaga Stream—a first order stream located in an Environmental Protection Area in the Amazon using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) Score System. The BMWP Score System revealed that the Maroaga Stream was a Class I stream (score of 138 points), indicating clean or not significantly altered water quality. The results suggest the adequate environmental conditions and ecological responses of the Maroaga Stream.

scholarly journals Pollution Control for Nature Surface Water 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Fakron
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors

Abstract The huge amounts of pollutants in nature surface water in. This contaminates due to different operations in surface water. During the past fifty years, increasing attention has centered on the discharge of sewage into coastal waters. This practice has been widely criticized on the grounds that sewage-polluted seawater is a health hazard to bathers. The pollution of the surface water is becoming more and more serious. The marine environment has undergone great changes. This research is presented two methods to control pollution and rehabilitation environment. First method by using temporary floating a waterfall for removing containment from the surface water and reducing concentration total suspended matter in surface water and reducing concentrations for phosphate, nitrogen, organic carbon. Second method by using towed rotating biological contactors to reducing concentrations for phosphate, nitrogen, and organic carbon. To control effects of algae bloom occurs. These two methods are converted to heterogeneous reactor with solid catalysts; this reactor is multi step treatment. First step is screening and second step is solid catalyst bed reactor. As waterfall or towed rotating biological contactor is multi bed reactor. The water quality assessment for selection best scheme for enhancement water quality for surface water is based on acceptable japan environmental ministry guidelines for surface water quality level for bathing.

Climate Change Impacts on Surface Water Quality

2017 ◽  
pp. 322-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Never Mujere ◽  
William Moyce
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change affects water resources through changes in evaporation, groundwater recharge, temperature, runoff and rainfall. Such changes affect the mobilization of nutrients, distribution and mobility of pollutants in freshwater systems. The direct and indirect climate change impacts on water quality comprise biological, physical and chemical changes. Biological changes include pathogenic microbes in water. Physical changes include increased water temperature, reduced river and lake ice cover, more stable vertical stratification and less mixing of water of deep-water lakes, and changes in water discharge, affecting water level and retention time. Chemical changes include increased nutrient concentrations, water color and decreased oxygen content. However, few scientific works have been recently published on the impacts of climate change on water quality modification. This chapter fills a real gap because there has been no comprehensive review on climate change and river water quality to date. It focuses on the expected water quality impacts of climate change.

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