scholarly journals Score estimate of covid-19 risks as per socio-hygienic and behavioral indicators

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
T.S. Isiutina-Fedotkova ◽  
◽  
D.Yu. Kazieva ◽  
V.A. Sukhov ◽  
O.V. Mitrokhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Contagion Risk ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Infection Spread

Epidemiologic situation remains a serious concern all over the world due to the coronavirus infection spread. It is vital to adhere to measure of non-specific COVID-19 prevention. According to literature data, the highest risks of the infection spread occur in public transport, retail outlets where foods and nonfoods are sold, medical organizations, and chemists’ shops. Our research objects were socio-hygienic and behavioral indicators that were risk factors of the coronavirus infection. Our research aim was to substantiate a score estimate of the COVID-19 contagion risk based on socio-hygienic and behavioral indicators. Questioning was applied to determine frequency of visiting public places and adherence to basic measurements of non-specific COVID-19 prevention; overall, 400 respondents took part in it. A questionnaire was developed by experts of the De-partment of General Hygiene at Sechenov University and contained questions aimed at revealing informative signs (risk factors) of the coronavirus infection spread. Cluster analysis was applied to group respondents’ questions and to identify informative signs for further development of a scale showing risk categories. Factor analysis in a form of principal component analysis was applied to questions that had the highest number of statistically significant indicators of Spearman’s correlation coefficient. We developed a procedure for assessing risks of COVID-19 contagion according to socio-hygienic and behavioral in-dicators and substantiated risk categories. The most significant risk factors were indicators related to mandatory mask wearing when visiting specific social objects (risk objects); when taking trips by various means of public transport and duration of such trips; keeping social distance when visiting social objects. We performed score estimate of risk categories regarding COVID-19 contagion.

Features of the course of coronavirus infection in patients with diabetes mellitus

2022 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolievich Klimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Population Mortality

Diabetesmellitus, overweight and the age of a patient over 65 years old are identified by clinicians as themain factors that can complicate the course of the coronavirus infection and increase the likelihood of fatal outcome. Although in the general human population mortality from coronavirus fluctuateswithin 3–5 %, sometimes very significantly differing in individual countries, this level can reach 15–25 % among patientswith diabetes, especially for those receiving insulin therapy. Diabetes mellitus as a concomitant disease in COVID-19 is considered one of the most significant risk factors for the development of adverse outcomes due to a more severe course of infection in conditions of hyperglycemia and other aggravating factors.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Impacting the Project Value Created by Green Buildings in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7388
Author(s):  
Wael Alattyih ◽  
Husnain Haider ◽  
Halim Boussabaine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Green Building Design

Green buildings are playing a pivotal role in sustainable urban development around the world, including Saudi Arabia. Green buildings subject to various sources of risk that influence the potential outcomes of the investments or services added in their design. The present study developed a structured framework to examine various risks that may lead to green buildings’ value destruction in Saudi Arabia. The framework initiates with identification of 66 potential risk factors from reported literature. A questionnaire compiling a list of identified risk factors was hand-delivered to 300 practitioners (managers, engineers, and architects) having knowledge of value engineering in the construction industry, and an overall response rate of 29.7% was achieved. Subsequently, descriptive statistics ranked the risk factors based on scores given by the respondents. The principal component analysis extracted 16 components, based on the likelihood of risk factors impacting the value created by green building design. Finally, the factor analysis grouped the 35 most significant risk factors in 5 clusters—i.e., 8 in functional risk, 13 in financial risk, 3 in operational risk, 3 in environmental risk, and 8 in management risk cluster. The study enhances the understanding of the importance of the risk factors’ impact on value creation. Based on the results, the value management (or engineering) teams and the top-level management can identify, manage, and control the risk factors that have a significant impact on the project value created by green building design.

scholarly journals Risk-Based Causal Model of Risk Factors for Infection among Medical Personnel Involved in the Care Of Patients with the New COVID-19 Coronavirus Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
E.A. Annenkova ◽  
◽  
O.A. Tikhonova ◽  
A.P. Biryukov ◽  
L.I. Baranov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Infectious Disease Department ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The aim of the study is to develop and apply a mathematical model for assessing the risks of contamination of medical personnel involved in providing medical care to patients with COVID-19 in a "red zone" environment. Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of informative signs and information on working conditions in the infectious disease department of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, a decision-making support system was developed to provide an objective assessment of the risks of infection for medical personnel when providing medical care in the "red zone". Results of the study and their analysis. The influence of various risk factors for infection of medical personnel involved in the provision of medical care to patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was analyzed; the most significant risk factors were identified.

scholarly journals Postoperative complications in patients infected with covid-19 (review of literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
M. V. Timerbulatov ◽  
M. V. Zabelin ◽  
S. V. Timerbulatov ◽  
A. R. Gafarova ◽  
T. R. Nizamutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Complications And Mortality

The article provides an analysis of the literature on the frequency and nature of postoperative complications in patients infected with a new coronavirus infection – COVID-19. Risk factors for the development of postoperative complications and mortality are considered; the presence of SARS-CoV-2 is a leading risk factor for these complications and mortality, significant risk factors are also patients age ≥70 years, male gender, cancer surgery, severity of the patient’s condition before surgery (3–5 points on the ASA scale), performance emergency operations, a significant amount of surgical interventions. Postoperative complications in patients with COVID-19 develop in 50 %, the mortality rate is 2 times higher compared with patients without coronavirus infection.

Prevalence, ethnic differences and risk factors of primary angle-closure glaucoma in a multiethnic Chinese adult population: the Yunnan Minority Eye Study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-320241
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Qing Cun ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Wen-Yan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Primary Angle Closure ◽  
Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

PurposeTo describe the prevalence and risk factors of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and to explore nationality difference in Chinese.MethodsThe Yunnan Minority Eye Study was conducted in a rural multiethnic area in Yunnan province and included 6546 participants aged over 50 years. PACG was diagnosed based on International Society of Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology criteria by experienced ophthalmologists. Multivariate regression modelling was conducted to examine risk factors for PACG. Principal component analyis (PCA) was performed to evaluate the effects of ethnicity on PACG.ResultsThe overall prevalence of PACG was 0.7% (95% CIs: 0.5% to 0.9%). PCA indicated that ethnicity is significantly related to the presence of PACG (p<0.001) after controlling for other risk factors. In addition, higher PACG prevalence was also correlated with older age (60–69 years group (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.11 to 10.84; p<0.05) and 70–79 years group (OR: 4.71; 95% CI: 1.40 to 15.86; p<0.05) as compared with 50–59 years group), higher intraocular pressures (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.36; p<0.001), shorter axial lengths (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.56; p<0.001) and thinner central corneal thicknesses (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.99; p<0.05).ConclusionsThis multiethnic study on Chinese adults living in the same geographical location indicated that ethnicity is a significant risk factor for PACG. However, there were still some of the effects of ethnic differences on the prevalence of PACG that could not be explained and further studies should take culture and lifestyle factors into account.

scholarly journals Sanitary Aspects of Countering the Spread of COVID-19 in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12456
Author(s):  
Elena Belova ◽  
Ekaterina Shashina ◽  
Denis Shcherbakov ◽  
Yury Zhernov ◽  
Vitaly Sukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Risk Categories

Due to the conditions that cause the spread of COVID-19, national health systems worldwide are under severe strain. Most countries face similar difficulties such as a lack of medical personnel and equipment and tools for diagnosis and treatment, overrun hospitals, and forced restriction of planned medical care. Public authorities in healthcare take the following measures due to increased pressure: limiting the transmission and spread of the virus (social distancing and quarantine), mobilizing medical personnel, ensuring the availability of diagnostic and treatment tools, and providing a sufficient number of premises, which are not always suitable for the provision of medical care (buildings and structures). To date, the stages of management decision-making to counter coronavirus infection and the risk of COVID-19 transmission at various facilities have not been analyzed. The authors propose a methodology for assessing the COVID-19 transmission risk at various social and transport facilities. A survey of 1325 respondents from Moscow demonstrated the most significant risk factors, such as visitation avoidance, infection risk, and facemask wearing. Risk categories were determined and objects classified according to high, medium, and low-risk levels.

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

Renal Failure after Coronary Bypass Surgery and the Associated Risk Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 006
Author(s):  
Hasan Reyhanoglu ◽  
Kaan Ozcan ◽  
Murat Erturk ◽  
Fatih İslamoglu ◽  
İsa Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Factors Associated

<strong>Objective:</strong> We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> One hundred and six patients who developed renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) constituted the study group (RF group), while 110 patients who did not develop renal failure served as a control group <br />(C group). In addition, the RF group was divided into two subgroups: patients that were treated with conservative methods without the need for hemodialysis (NH group) and patients that required hemodialysis (HR group). Risk factors associated with renal failure were investigated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 106 patients that developed renal failure (RF), 80 patients were treated with conservative methods without any need for hemodialysis (NH group); while <br />26 patients required hemodialysis in the postoperative period (HR group). The multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and the postoperative use of positive inotropes and adrenaline were significant risk factors associated with development of renal failure. In addition, carotid stenosis and postoperative use of adrenaline were found to be significant risk factors associated with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure (P &lt; .05). The mortality in the RF group was determined as 13.2%, while the mortality rate in patients who did not require hemodialysis and those who required hemodialysis was 6.2% and 34%, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Renal failure requiring hemodialysis after CABG often results in high morbidity and mortality. Factors affecting microcirculation and atherosclerosis, like diabetes mellitus, carotid artery stenosis, and postoperative vasopressor use remain the major risk factors for the development of renal failure.<br /><br />

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