scholarly journals Thymic carcinoma in a 2-year-old child: case description and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
E. I. Konopleva ◽  
D. V. Shevtsov ◽  
G. R. Kazaryan ◽  
A. M. Suleymanova ◽  
D. S. Abramov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Thymic Carcinoma ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Epithelial Tumours

Thymic carcinoma (TC) belongs to a group of rare thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) arising from the anterior mediastinum. One of the most relevant established prognostic factors is complete surgical resection. Given the high invasive potential of TC a lot of patents at the diagnosis present with a locally advanced or metastatic disease, therefore complete resection could not be achieved, and a role of systemic therapy is increasing. Due to the rarity of this tumor type in children and adolescents, treatment approaches based on the guidelines for management of TETs in adults. In this article we report a case of TC in a 2-year-old boy. The literature review describes the current histological classification of the TET, approaches for systemic chemotherapy and local control in patients with TC.

scholarly journals Denosumab Chemotherapy for Recurrent Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone: A Case Report of Neoadjuvant Use Enabling Complete Surgical Resection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Agarwal ◽  
Brandon T. Larsen ◽  
Lawrence D. Buadu ◽  
Jack Dunn ◽  
Russell Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Tumor ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor

Giant-cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a rare neoplasm that affects young adults. The tumor is generally benign but sometimes can be locally aggressive. There are no standardized approaches to the treatment of GCTB. Recently, the RANKL inhibitor denosumab has shown activity in this tumor type. We present the case of a young female who presented with locally advanced disease and was successfully managed with the neoadjuvant use of denosumab allowing for surgical resection of the tumor that was previously deemed unresectable. Following surgery, the patient is being managed with continued use of denosumab as ‘maintenance,’ and she continues to be free of disease. Our case highlights a novel approach for the management of locally advanced and aggressive giant cell tumor of the bone.

scholarly journals The role of modern technologies in the management of azoospermia using microdissection TESE in the framework of the ECF-ICSI program. A literature review. Part I.

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
I I Vitiazeva ◽  
S V Bogoliubov ◽  
I I Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Azf Region

The present review is focused on the modern methods for the treatment of male infertility related to obstructive and unobstructive azoospermia. The criteria and prognostic factors for obtaining spermatozoa by means of invasive manipulations on the testicles are considered. Special attention is given to the results of investigations into the state of the AZF-region of Y-chromosome and of the studies of patients presenting with Klinefelter's syndrome. The modern classification of testicular biopsies is presented that allows to discriminate between different forms of compromised spermatogenesis.

The molecular and genetic basis of carcinogenesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Аскольд Майборода ◽  
Aleksei Kaliagin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
State Educational

The textbook deals with the classification of tumor growth, signs of malignancy, genetic basis of cancer, chronology of cellular events of oncogenesis. The differences between oncogenes and suppressor genes by the principle of action, the role of apoptosis in the processes of programmed cell death and their utilization are discussed. Attention is paid to the role of apoptosis defects in the development of oncogenic States. The modern ideas about the diagnosis of oncological diseases, which include screening examinations and individual verification of the tumor type, are generalized. The modern successes of diagnostic techniques, which were the result of the combined capabilities of molecular genetics and cytogenetics, are noted. The features of the course of virus-induced and non-viral forms of cancer are analyzed. Fundamental and clinical aspects of Oncology are combined. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students on programs of specialization "Medical business", "Pediatrics", "Medical biochemistry". It will also be useful for residents and doctors.

scholarly journals A közszolgálati szervezetek értékelési módszereinek osztályozása (Classification of evaluation methods of public sector organizations)

2015 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Erika Takács
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Public Sector Organizations

Az utóbbi évtizedekben egyre gyakrabban merült fel a közszolgálati szervezetek értékelésének igénye, és egyre újabb módszerek jelentek meg, amelyek felvetették ezek rendszerezésének szükségességét mind a gyakorlatban, mind a kutatásokban. A szerző a szakirodalomban fellelhető osztályozási kísérleteknek és az értékelés szakterülete szempontjainak figyelembevételével javaslatot tesz a közszolgálati szervezetek értékelési módszereinek osztályozási keretrendszerére. Az osztályozási szempontok között szerepel az értékelő helyzete, az értékelés szerepe és a megismerés módszere. Az osztályozási keretrendszer tartalmát a szerző példákkal is illusztrálja, amely jelzi a modell gyakorlati alkalmazhatóságát. Ugyanakkor a keretrendszer a kutatások fókuszának és érvényességi körének meghatározásában is segítséget nyújthat. _____ In the last decades the need of the evaluation of public sector organizations has emerged more and more often, and many new methods have shown up that has raised the need of their classification in practice and in research, as well. Based on literature review and the literature of evaluation the author makes a proposal on the classification framework of the evaluation methods of public sector organizations. The dimensions of the classification include the situation of evaluator, the role of evaluation and the approach of knowledge. The author illustrates the content of the framework with examples referring to the applicability of the model in practice. At the same time, the framework is also useful in determining the focus or the scope of research projects.

scholarly journals The role of metallothionein in oncogenesis and cancer treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bizoń ◽  
Kinga Jędryczko ◽  
Halina Milnerowicz
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Treatment

Metallothionein is cysteine-rich low molecular mass protein. The involvement of MT in many physiological and pathophysiological processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and the detoxification of heavy metals suggested participation of this protein in carcinogenesis and tumor therapy.Depending on the type of tissue and classification of carcinoma various it was observed relation between MT expression and tumor type, stage, grade, poor prognosis and body resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. MT in tumor cell plays important role in defense mechanism against the effect of radiation by inhibiting the processes that lead to the apoptosis. A number of studies have shown an increased expression of MT in various human tumors of larynx, pancreas, kidney, uterus and breast, whereas lower MT expression was detected in liver tumors. Variable MT expression was detected in case of thyroid, prostate, lung, stomach and central nervous system tumors.Also MT plays crucial role in the cytostatics treatment. MT can bind cis-platinum compounds and removes them from the cells, which may lead to multidrug resistance. However, the same functions of MT protect against the negative effects of chemotherapeutic treatment. It is especially important in case of heart cells.Analysis of MT expression in tumor cells may be useful in choosing method of treatment. It is difficult to determine whether increased expression of MT is only a inducing factor of the development of the carcinogenesis, its malignances and multidrug resistance, or it is a factor inhibiting the induction and development of cancer.

scholarly journals Differential Diagnosis of Anterior Mediastinal Masses in Children (Literature Review with Their Own Clinical Observations)

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
N. A. Kriventsova ◽  
G. V. Tereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiographic Features ◽  
Anatomical Region ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Mediastinal Masses

The article is devoted to the description of the X-ray anatomy of the mediastinum, the evolution of the classification of this anatomical region. As well as systematization of radiological signs of the most common formations of the anterior (prevascular) mediastinum in children. Based on these data, a table of the most characteristic radiographic features of various neoplasms of different groups. Reflected basic criteria differential diagnosis of various tumors of the anterior mediastinum.

scholarly journals Dehumanizacja w komentarzach internetowych w polskich portalach informacyjnych. Identyfikacja i klasyfikacja zjawiska na przykładzie odbioru Fransa Timmermansa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-474
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Domagała
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Dehumanization in the Internet Comments on Polish News Portals. Identification and Classification of the Phenomenon, on the Example of the Reception of Franz Timmermans The paper addresses the issue of the main types of dehumanization in the Polish right-wing portals (wPolityce, DoRzeczy, Republika) and the conceptualization of hypotheses concerning the relationship between framing and the content of comments on the Vice-President of the European Commission, Frans Timmermans. The premise of the paper is that an article and its comments form a specific entity and in tandem constitute its essence (global sense) together. In the literature review, some types of dehumanization were distinguished: animalization, biologization, objectification, subhumanization, demonization. An insectization was added as an extremely hateful form of de-humanization. Then the role of political hate speech and selected forms of dehumanization in the portals was determined by specially prepared indicators. Comments in the right-wing identity portals like wPolityce and Republika are specific with the noticeable role of insectization and demonization. Subsequently, the dehumanization comments in right-wing portals were compared with the comments on TVPInfo and Gazeta.pl. The latters, in comparison to right-wing portals, turned out to be similar when it comes to dehumanization as such and political hate speech, but contained a limited number of dehumanization forms. Frames based on conflict were consistently used in all the portals. However, the right-wing portals were distinguished by a much greater role of moral frames, which, combined with expressive linguistic forms, constituted strong frames.

scholarly journals Predictive value of NLR, TILs (CD4+/CD8+) and PD-L1 expression for prognosis and response to preoperative chemotherapy in gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Valeria Zurlo ◽  
Mattia Schino ◽  
Antonia Strippoli ◽  
Maria Alessandra Calegari ◽  
Alessandra Cocomazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Perioperative Chemotherapy ◽  
Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe combination of perioperative chemotherapy plus complete surgical resection is currently accounted as the first-choice strategy in patients with locally advanced Gastric Cancer (LAGC). Nevertheless, the partial response rate makes it necessary to search biological parameters useful to select patients who would benefit most from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAD-CT). We performed a retrospective analysis on a cohort of 65 LAGC cases, EBV negative and without MMR defect, submitted to perioperative chemotherapy plus surgical resection. We evaluated the neutrophil-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood, the TILs density (reported as CD4/CD8 tissue ratio) and PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry on bioptic tissues before the treatment. Results were correlated with the biological features, histological response (TRG) and clinical outcome (PFS and OS). We found that NLR, TILs and PD-L1 expression showed a significant correlation with TNM stage, lymphovascular invasion and response to NAD-CT (TRG). Correlating the NLR, TILs and PD-L1 expression with PFS and OS, we found that patients with lower NLR levels (< 2.5 ratio), lower TILs (< 0.2 ratio) and higher PD-L1 level (CPS ≥ 1) had a significantly better PFS and OS than those with higher NLR, higher TILs and lower PD-L1 expression (p < 0.0001). Multivariate and multiple regression analyses confirmed the predictive and prognostic role of all three parameters, especially when all three parameters are combined. Our study demonstrated that pre-treatment NLR, TILs and PD-L1 expression are predictive and prognostic parameters in NAD-CT-treated LAGC suggesting a pivotal role of the systemic and tumor microenvironment immunological profile in the response to chemotherapy.

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