scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION PRIORITY AREAS OF TRADE FACILITATION TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA'S FOREIGN TRADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Nenadyshina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Currently global economic characterized such trends as increased geopolitical tensions and the expansion of the protectionist measures in the regulation of trade by the world biggest economies. An additional factor that seriously slowed down the global economy growth was the COVID-19 pandemic.  These  crisis  effects  provide  opportunities  for  re-engineering the structure of global value chains and development Russian foreign trade. Based on the statistical data contained in the ratings and reports periodically published by the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation  and  Development,  the  International  Institute  for  Management  Development,  the author identified the main problem areas that impede the conduct of foreign economic activity in Russia as well as barriers of the cross-border movement of goods. The integrated trade facilitation index for Russia was calculated having regard of above mentioned problem areas and barriers. The  index  characterizes  the  state  of  identified  problem  areas  and  barriers in relation to 121  countries.  The  main  directions  of  trade  facilitation  to  stimulate  foreign  trade  and  the integration of Russian manufacturers into the global value chains are proposed based on the factor analysis carried out on the basis of the integrated trade facilitation index variables.

scholarly journals Development of international trade in the context of global value chains transformation in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Olga Bezzubchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World

The article examines current trends in international trade, comparative analysis of the commodity structure of exports of the world, identifies the features of the transformation of global value chains in the growing confrontation of free trade and protectionism in foreign trade and under the influence of the global pandemic.

International trade: Research of the reasons for the fall

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Basic Commodity ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.

Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
The World

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.

scholarly journals The institutional development of International Association of Academies of Sciences: from scientific councils to international scientific-technological consortia

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr A. Vityaz ◽  
Vyacheslav K. Shcherbin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
International Association ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
To Receive

The article considers the history of creation of formal and informal institutional structures of International Association of the Academies of sciences (IAAS) the functioning of which is based on the technological chains of cognition that are characteristic of traditional disciplinary science. The differences between the technological chains of cognition and the global value chains that have developed in the global economy are shown. The prospects of combining the chains of these types within the framework of international scientific and technological consortia, which are more consistent with the requirements of modern technoscience, are determined. The conclusion is substantiated that the creation of a number of international scientific-technological consortia on the basis of scientific councils of association will allow IAAS to receive a stable source of its additional financing.

scholarly journals CADEIAS GLOBAIS DE VALOR (CGV): A FRAGMENTAÇÃO DO PROCESSO PRODUTIVO CONFORME A ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DO COMÉRCIO

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (57) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Joana STELZER ◽  
Silvano Denega SOUZA ◽  
Adrielle Betina I. OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
Economy Globalization

RESUMOObjetivo: O artigo visa identificar a aparição e a abordagem das CGV (Cadeias Globais de Valor) no âmbito da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), tendo em vista a aparente alteração na plasticidade do comércio internacional e, por consequência, na economia mundial. A globalização nos tempos atuais pode ser compreendida como uma fragmentação da produção, em que o processo produtivo de uma mercadoria (ou serviço) é concebido em etapas, porém, executadas em diversos Estados.Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada é dedutiva com abordagem qualitativa e a pesquisa desenvolve-se por meio de bibliografias.  Resultados: O destaque do principal resultado é a possibilidade de identificar características distintas entre Cadeias de Commodities, passando pela Cadeia de Commodities Global, até se alcançar as Cadeias Globais de Valor. Revela, também, que o avanço das CGV tem-se mostrado positivo, mormente no que tange às repercussões observadas nas políticas comerciais e econômicas dos Estados.Contribuições: Como principal contribuição, o artigo apresenta uma análise do cenário internacional no que tange ao comércio e sua nova forma de transacionar, sobretudo com Estados não desenvolvidos. Partindo-se da análise do CGV e sua relação com a Organização Mundial do Comércio,  a revelação desse emergente modelo foi flagrada, ademais, na insistente inserção dos termos CGV e Global Value Chains nos documentos e relatórios da Organização Mundial do Comércio, especialmente com maior intensidade a partir de 2014.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Tributo; responsabilidade tributária; terceiros.  ABSTRACTObjective: To identify the appearance and approach of GVCs (Global Value Chains) within the World Trade Organization (WTO), in view of the apparent change in the plasticity of international trade and, consequently, in the world economy. Globalization in the present times can be understood as a fragmentation of production, in which the productive process of a commodity (or service) is conceived in stages, but executed in several States.Methodology: The methodology used is deductive with qualitative approach and the research is developed via bibliographies.Results: The highlight of the main result is the ability to identify distinct characteristics between Commodity Chains, going through the Global Commodity Chain, until reaching Global Value Chains. It also reveals that the advancement of GVCs has been positive, especially regarding the repercussions observed in the commercial and economic policies of the States.Contributions: As the main contribution, the article presents an analysis of the international scenario regarding trade and its new way of trading, especially with undeveloped States. Based on the analysis of the GVC and its relationship with the  World Trade Organization, the revelation of this emerging model was also caught in the insistent insertion of the terms GVC and Global Value Chains in World Trade Organization documents and reports, especially with greater emphasis. Intensity as of 2014.KEYWORDS: Tax; tax liability; third parties.

scholarly journals The similarity of global value chains: A network-based measure

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHEN ZHU ◽  
GREG MORRISON ◽  
MICHELANGELO PULIGA ◽  
ALESSANDRO CHESSA ◽  
MASSIMO RICCABONI
Keyword(s):  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Input Output ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Similarity ◽  
Node Similarity ◽  
Node Attributes ◽  
Measure Of Similarity ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Over Time

AbstractInternational trade has been increasingly organized in the form of global value chains (GVCs). In this paper, we provide a new method for comparing GVCs across countries and over time. First, we use the World Input–Output Database (WIOD) to construct both the upstream and the downstream global value networks. Second, we introduce a network-based measure of node similarity to compare the GVCs between any pair of countries for each sector and each year available in the WIOD. Our network-based similarity is a better measure for node comparison than the existing ones because it takes into account all the direct and indirect relationships between the country–sector pairs, is applicable to both directed and weighted networks with self-loops, and takes into account externally defined node attributes. As a result, our measure of similarity reveals the most intensive interactions among the GVCs across countries and over time. From 1995 to 2011, the average similarity between sectors and countries have clear increasing trends, which are temporarily interrupted by the recent economic crisis. This measure of the similarity of GVCs provides quantitative answers to important questions about dependency, sustainability, risk, and competition in the global production system.

Regional Trade Agreements with Global Value Chains

FEDS Notes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
François de Soyres ◽  
◽  
Julien Maire ◽  
Guillaume Sublet ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World

This FEDS Note looks at the effect of Regional Trade Agreements on trade between the agreement zone and the rest of the world. Global Value Chains are associated with an increase in outflow. Hence, RTAs can be a stumbling block for multilateralism.

Technology, the Global Economy and other New Challenges for Civil Justice

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
Transnational Cooperation ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Electronic Technologies

This is a fresh and stimulating book on new challenges for civil justice. It brings together leading experts from across the world to discuss relevant topics of civil justice from regional, cross-border, international and comparative perspectives. <i>Inter alia</i>, this book will focus on multinational rules and systems of dispute resolution in the era of a global economy, while also exploring accountability and transparency in the course of civil justice. Transnational cooperation in cross-border insolvency, regionalism in the process of recognition and enforcement of foreign titles, and the application of electronic technologies in judicial proceedings, including new types of evidence also play a major role. <br><br><i>Technology, the Global Economy and other New Challenges for Civil Justice</i> is a compact and accessible overview of new developments in the field from across the world and written for those with an interest in civil justice.

A Study of India's Trade Relations with China in WTO Era

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendar Singh ◽  
R. C. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

China's joining of WTO in 2001 has completely changed its economic structure and its entry in WTO proved to be a landmark event in the global economy. As a result, China's trade relations with the world have improved significantly particularly with India. Both, India and China are the fastest growing economies in the world since they have grown at rate of 8% and 10% GDP respectively. The total trade between India and China was reached to $60 billion in 2010. However, the major change in the trade relations between India and China has come after China's joining of WTO in 2001. In the above background, this paper is divided into three parts. The first part of the paper examines the direction of foreign trade of China after becoming a member of WTO and, the second part analyzes India's trade relations with China (Pre and Post China's joining of WTO). The final section of the paper delineates the major constraints between India and China for improving trade relations.

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