A Study of India's Trade Relations with China in WTO Era

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendar Singh ◽  
R. C. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

China's joining of WTO in 2001 has completely changed its economic structure and its entry in WTO proved to be a landmark event in the global economy. As a result, China's trade relations with the world have improved significantly particularly with India. Both, India and China are the fastest growing economies in the world since they have grown at rate of 8% and 10% GDP respectively. The total trade between India and China was reached to $60 billion in 2010. However, the major change in the trade relations between India and China has come after China's joining of WTO in 2001. In the above background, this paper is divided into three parts. The first part of the paper examines the direction of foreign trade of China after becoming a member of WTO and, the second part analyzes India's trade relations with China (Pre and Post China's joining of WTO). The final section of the paper delineates the major constraints between India and China for improving trade relations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Current Foreign Trade Relations between Slovakia and Ukraine Affected by the Global Changes in the World Economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Elena Kašťáková ◽  
Dáša Bebiaková
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Given

Abstract The article focuses on the issues of the perspectives of foreign trade relations between Slovakia and Ukraine affected by the current changes of EU trade policy towards Ukraine and other global changes underway in the global economy, which are very demanding in terms of the ongoing conflict situation in eastern Ukraine. The authors examine the development of foreign trade relations between the Slovak Republic and Ukraine, and based on the globalization processes taking place in Ukraine and analysing the foreign trade, the SWOT analysis of prospects for foreign trade relations of Slovakia and Ukraine influenced by the given facts will be performed.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL COMPONENTS OF UKRAINE’S EXPORT GROWTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (8) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Kateryna ANUFRIIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
International Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Credit Agency

Today, the state policy on export development is being improved and the export support tools are being implemented at the legislative level. Exporting economic entities form the demand for financial services, which would meet current conditions in the international market, as well as allow for unrestricted settlements with foreign counterparties, available financing of working capital and insurance provision of export operations in order to increase the competitiveness of such entities. The author substantiates importance of the centralized focus of export support efforts, determines the concept of “trade financing and insurance” as a source of resource and institutional support for export operations and highlights the positive aspects and problems arising from financing of export transactions and settlements with counterparties. The state of international cooperation on export issues and trends of the world trade are briefly mentioned. As is known, the Export and Credit agency (ECA), an institution for insurance and export support, has recently been established; however, its place, management, tasks and resource base are still being determined. Therefore, the article proposes a basic schematic model of the activities of this institution. The author emphasizes that increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian exporters and strengthening their confidence in them in the international market are especially important given the world trend of “de-risking”. De-risking is the limitation of cooperation with certain categories of clients or states (which Ukraine is sometimes included in) to avoid the risk of financing illicit activities, a person under sanctions, terrorism, and the like. The focus of further research the author suggests addressing such issues: (i) interaction of the state and private sectors with support of exports; (ii) determination of the product range of financial institutions servicing the subjects of foreign trade, as well as the ECA; (iii) impact of sanctions and restrictions on Ukraine’s foreign trade relations. Accelerating the development of exports and overcoming obstacles when concluding the external trade agreements and settlements will ultimately help Ukraine to take a niche among the world’s exporters and strengthen its own financial security.

scholarly journals Extracting Trading Locus: Where we are in Indo-Nepal Trade?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Khom Raj Kharel ◽  
Dhan Raj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Import Trade

Nepal and India have had trade relations since time immemorial. Nepal was known as an exporting nation in the ancient times. Before the trade agreement between Nepal-Britain Treaty in1923, Nepal's trade with India was more than 95 percent. Despite various treaties and agreements between Nepal and India, Nepal's trade with India now accounts for around 65 percent of total trade. Despite the trade and mutual relations between Nepal and India, India has been treating Nepal on the basis of benefits. In different time periods, India has been creating problems in trade and transit, contrary to international norms and trade and transit treaties, under various pretexts. The objective of this paper is to review of Indo-Nepal trade and transit treaties and analyzing the present status. Descritptive and analytical research design is applied and simple statistical tools are used to analyze the growth and direction of foreign trade of Nepal. Linear regression model is applied to measure the total trade with India and total volume of foreign trade of Nepal. This study has found that there has been significant contribution of total trade with India to the total volume of foreign trade of Nepal. The import trade of Nepal with India is extremely high in comparison to export trade and total trade balance and trade balance with India has been increasing with a huge deficit.

scholarly journals СПОЉНОТРГОВИНСКА РАЗМЕНА СРБИЈЕ И ЗНАЧАЈ АГРАРНОГ СЕКТОРА

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Драгица Божић ◽  
Марија Николић
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Large Deficit

The foreign trade of the Serbian economy is characterized by a large deficit and unfavourable structure. The importance of the agrarian sector in total trade is reflected in the constant positive trade balance and increasing participation, particularly in export. The aim of the paper is to analyze the basic characteristics of foreign trade of Serbia, as well as to point out the importance of the agrarian sector in the period 2005-2014. In the first part of the paper are analyzed trends of export, import, and the level of openness of Serbian economy. In the following part the structure of export and import is discussed, and the concentration index presented, or the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index, as well as the diversification index which indicates the difference between the structure of Serbian export and import and the international average. In addition to these indicators, the revealed comparative advantage index was calculated. The analysis of foreign trade of Serbian overall economy indicates a significant presence of agricultural and food products in its structure, particularly in export, and confirms that the agrarian sector is one of few sectors with a constant surplus. Determined indicators show that the comparative advantage in the overall economy trade of Serbia with the world is achieved in primary products and products of lower processing phase, of which a significant part is from the agrarian sector. Therefore, in the final part of the paper the participation of the agrarian sector in the total foreign trade of Serbia is shown.

Global Sourcing and Global Manufacturing Competitiveness

Paradigm ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
S.K. Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Global Manufacturing ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Manufacturing Competitiveness

We are at the beginning of a major change in global economy. The decade will see increasing polarisation of super regional trade agreements. With increasing world trade great opportunities are developing thrust on global manufacturing competitiveness and formation of international, multinational and transnational firms percolating various aspects of glolml sourcing for achieving internationalisation in their operations with utilisation of local resources and creating source partnering throughout the world.

scholarly journals Rethinking Pakistan’s Development Strategy

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Naved Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Alternative Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The objective of this paper is to set out the key components of a development strategy for Pakistan. A fundamental premise of our analysis is that the world economic environment is changing dramatically and a development strategy today must position itself to take advantage of the changes taking place. The paper is divided into five sections: First, we provide a brief review of Pakistan’s experience with development strategies so far. Next, we discuss the changes that have occurred, or are taking place in the global economy, which have strategic relevance for Pakistan. In the third section we look at the current situation in Pakistan with regard to the potential drivers of growth, based on the earlier discussion of the global developments. In the final section key elements of an alternative development strategy for Pakistan are outlined.

Transforming the world order amid the emerging multipolarity: Evidence from the African continent

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2180-2198
Author(s):  
A.M. Chernysheva
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Subject. As the world becomes more multipolar, global leaders change their approaches to capture the areas they dominate. Currently, advocates of the Western and Eastern models clash, with the latter demonstrating a greater efficiency. Objectives. I examine the foreign trade of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa, assuming that the region's countries are teetering on the edge of the Western and Eastern approaches to determining the domination area of the leading country. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach, comparative and statistical methods for reviewing exports and imports of Sub-Saharan Africa, illustrating the case of South Africa. Results. As the global economy currently develops, the multipolar world and its emergence are showed to gain momentum, with Sub-Saharan Africa actively diversifying their foreign trade. I mention the way the USA, EU, China, India and Russia influence the region and evaluate development trends in south Africa's exports and imports, setting their further development trend. Notwithstanding the noticeable impact of the USA, Sub-Saharan Africa establish regional alliances and tend to follow the course of other States, with China becoming increasingly important. Conclusions and Relevance. Transforming the world order into the multipolar format, the third-world countries should diversify their foreign trade, following multiple vectors in their economic policy, thus ensuring their own economic security and an opportunity to raise their significance regionally and internationally.

Foreign trade relations of the European Union against the background of increasing turbulence (results 2019, on the threshold of 2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
I. Gladkov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Expert Forecasts ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the current changes that have occurred over the past five years in the dynamics, geographical and commodity structure of foreign trade relations of the European Union (the EU) as the largest collective entity in the system of modern international commodity trade. The EU was able to maintain its dominant position in the world commodity exchange quite effectively, despite the increase in a number of adverse external factors, such as General "turbulence", the expansion of the zone of protectionist and sanctions measures, and trade conflicts in international commodity trade. The worldwide spread of a new viral infection in early 2020 also made a significant contribution to the noticeable increase in tension in the world economy. This process has acted as a so-called "black Swan", that is, a kind of catalyst that contributes to the approach of the next General cyclical crisis, which was expected by experts of the largest international structures in 2019. It is worth noting that the scale of this challenge has yet to be assessed, since the latest expert forecasts suggest a much more modest reduction in the main indicators of world economic evolution. The author provides up-to-date statistical materials and numerous calculation data that are being introduced into the domestic scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION IN COUNTERING THE GROWTH OF PROTECTIONISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Viktoriia SIDLIAR
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times

Introduction. The global economy has been shaken by a wave of protectionism, which has led to trade restrictions and a deterioration in world trade and GDP. The spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 has put the international community in a state of uncertainty and unpredictability, and world trade in a state of crisis due to a record rate of decline. Sharp confrontations in trade relations between world leaders have called into question the ability of international arbitrators, such as the WTO, to resolve trade disputes on the basis of existing rules and agreements reached. Today, WTO members recognize the need to reform the organization. The purpose of the article is to research the role of the World Trade Organization in countering the spread of protectionist policies and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. Modern tendencies of world trade and pragmatism of introduction of trade restrictions are considered. The key problems of the WTO institutional crisis are revealed and the need for its reform is determined. Conclusions. The WTO needs to be reformed in order to a more flexible structure that will better meet the demands of the times and perform its core functions more effectively, in particular, providing mechanisms for settling international trade disputes and developing and adopting world trade standards. Effective WTO reforms, the resumption of dialogue between members and the choice of achievable goals are the basis of a multilateral trading system that meets the needs of today’s digital economy and promotes economic growth. The result of WTO reforms should not be a new paradigm that is not based on trade liberalization, but the development of corrective tools that will support the benefits of this institution, meet current and future needs.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of Russia: trends at the stage of the general crisis (2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
I.S. Gladkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Energy Group ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
First Time

The author examines new trends in the dynamics of foreign trade relations of Russia during the pandemic of 2020, which played a kind of «black swan» in relation to the world economic evolution: the processes of turbulence, which increased in the previous period of development of the world economy and modern international trade, continued in the mechanisms of deployment of a global crisis in 2020 in the context of the introduction of a full lockdown in many countries; this was reflected in the downward trend in prices for fuel and energy group goods, which are very important for domestic exports. The article shows the shifts in Russia’s foreign trade turnover provoked by the crisis. The study used the methodology of comparative and statistical analysis based on the latest statistical materials, as well as a number of official calculations, introduced into the Russian scientific turnover for the first time.

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