scholarly journals Industrial Clusters in Russia: Old Problems and New Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Gagarina ◽  
L. N. Chaynikova ◽  
N. Yu. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
State Support ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Product Output ◽  
Cluster Pattern

Industrial clusters, on the one hand, act as a tool of today's industrial policy pursued in sectoral and territorial aspects and, on the other hand, they are the object of state support, which is carried out within the frames of the program of cluster policy. Nowadays state support of industrial clusters includes mainly measures encouraging production localization aimed at product output within the frames of sectoral plans of import substitution and national projects. It is shown that key difficulties arising in using the cluster approach in Russia are the absence of methodology needed to estimate potential cluster market, restricting the cluster by borders of entity of the Federation or a group of municipal structures, underdeveloped forms of interaction between enterprises - cluster participants, absolutization of cluster pattern and the absence of concrete steps aimed at cluster development on the part of its participants, bodies of regional administration and other concerned parties. It is proven that state support of industrial clusters in the Russian Federation should target at cutting administrative, institutional and other barriers for cluster participants and promoting the development of their industrial competences. In this case cluster policy in the aspect of industrial cluster support can become an important driver of building spots of national economy growth, raising competitiveness of regions and sectors on the international level.

scholarly journals Cluster Policy in the Russian Federation: A Сase Study of Industrial Clusters

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Rodionova ◽  
Tatiana Krejdenko ◽  
Cezary Mądry
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract The article describes cluster policy in the Russian Federation regarding industrial clusters. In the first part, the authors explain the definitions of basic concepts related to clusters that are used in Russia, the features of cluster policy in the light of European experiences, and bring closer the Russian literature on the subject. In the second part, they distinguish and describe five stages of cluster policy in Russia. In the third part, they present basic quantitative data describing clusters in Russia, including their spatial diversification, the number of entities creating clusters, employment, etc. A particular role of the state in creating clusters and subsequent cluster policy programs is described, paying attention to their low efficiency.

scholarly journals The Impact of Innovative Industrial Cluster Policy on Regional Innovation: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Jinhua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
The Impact

As important carriers of local innovation activities, innovative industrial clusters are attracting increasing attention. Therefore, several countries have started promotion policies for innovative industrial clusters. However, there are few empirical studies on relevant policies. This paper investigates the impact of China’s “innovative industrial cluster pilot” (IICP) policy on regional innovation. Taking the implementation of IICP policy as a quasi-natural experiment and using the panel data of 266 prefecture-level cities in China in 2008-2019, this paper provides strong evidence that IICP policy promotes regional innovation. The conclusion still holds after a battery of robustness checks. The heterogeneity test shows that the promoting effect of IICP policy on innovation is more significant in central and western region than in eastern region. Moreover, the lower the city administrative level and the lower the dependence on natural resource, the more prominent the innovation effect of IICP policy. Further, the mechanism test shows that the IICP policy can promote regional innovation indirectly by strengthening government support for innovation and attracting the agglomeration of science and technological talents, but the mediation effect of industrial structure has not been verified.

scholarly journals Priorities of National Food Security Policy in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tatiana Viktorovna Barkhatova ◽  
Alexander B. Melnikov ◽  
Vladimir I. Trysyachny ◽  
Alexander D. Kotenev ◽  
Petr N. Shirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The Russian Federation

The influence of the globalization process on the world food market as a basic element of ensuring the domestic needs of the national economic system and affecting the level of economic security of individual states is analyzed. It is shown that the effectiveness of the import substitution policy pursued in the Russian Federation is related to the sanctions pressure and the devaluation of the national currency, while increasing the level of food security associated with self-sufficiency in basic food products is accompanied by a drop in the quality of domestic producers' products. Formation of a quality and safety management system for food products is possible within the framework of the creation of regional agro-industrial clusters, the use of which will also make it possible to apply the available technological, human and scientific and production potential more efficiently through more optimal interaction between economic agents.

scholarly journals The effects of culture, attitudes and perceptions on industrial cluster policy: The case of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 102452942094949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Sosnovskikh ◽  
Bruce Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Model ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Culture, attitudes and perceptions have an underappreciated effect on industrial cluster policies particularly in transition economies, where long-established local social norms are confronted with hard-pressed external imperatives. This paper examines the impact of cultural and governmental peculiarities in the Russian context on the development of special economic zones and industrial parks. Based on some stylized facts about the Russian context, in-depth interviews and surveys of the managing companies and tenants of all industrial clusters in Russia, we find cultural and governmental characteristics emerge as major influences on the effective development of industrial cluster policies. We develop an adapted industrial cluster model that accommodates these factors and suggests a policy pathway for mitigation.

scholarly journals STATE SUPPORT OF YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA AND RUSSIAN REGIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Eremeeva ◽  
N. V. Volkova ◽  
T. V. Khalilova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
State Support ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Youth Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs

The article is devoted to the analysis of support for youth entrepreneurship in Russia and Russian regions. Consideration of this topic is relevant, since, on the one hand, the interest of Russian youth in creating a business is growing, and on the other, society and the state are interested in young, initiative entrepreneurs. The article reviews, analyzes and compares the state support for young businessmen at the federal and regional levels. The main research methods are comparative analysis, analysis of regulatory legal acts of Russia and regions of the Russian Federation, systematization and generalization of legal information. The result of the study was the conclusion on the implementation of support for young entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation and its feasibility. The main problems of this direction of support were highlighted. So, some discrepancies in federal and regional legislation, inaccuracies in the organization of the assistance process itself, the lack of a clear plan of measures to support this type of business, etc. were revealed. Recommendations were also proposed that will help to overcome these problems and make the support of young entrepreneurs more accessible, appropriate and effective. So, for example, it was proposed to simplify the very concept of youth entrepreneurship, to fix at the federal level the main directions of its support, etc.

scholarly journals TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FORMATION OF DAIRY INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
A. D. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article describes modern aspects of the basic instruments application of state-private partnership in the formation of the industrial cluster in the dairy industry. It is shown that the main range of tools of public-private partnership is well established in infrastructure projects. The feasibility of using these instruments for the dairy industry is dictated by the transition to the principles of import substitution (particularly in respect of dairy products). Characteristics of legal, organizational, economic and financial tools of public-private partnerships are used in the formation of dairy industrial cluster. Legal instruments are the adoption of an appropriate legislative framework (the agreement on the establishment of the cluster, Federal and regional target programs for the development of industrial clusters, the Concept of state support for territorial clusters in the period until 2018). The formation of industrial clusters is based on several laws in the Russian Federation such as: No. 224-FL "On state-private partnership, municipal-private partnership in the RF", Federal law №115-FL "On concession agreements" and laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on public-private partnerships (for example, from 01.06.2016 the law "On regulation of separate relations in the sphere of state-private partnership in the Voronezh region" No. 65-RL). The use of organizational and economic instruments aimed at choosing the optimal legal form that will operate the milk industry cluster (recommended non-profit partnership). It is shown that in modern conditions of market environment instability the financial instruments are of great importance, not only those which are widely distributed (e.g., blended funding), but new ones so called “pilot” tools. Such financial instruments, the author proposes to include, are the use of "deferred payments" and the use of scenario forecasting method. This method enables to carry out funds expenditure for the creation of the necessary infrastructure directly by the investor at the first stage. In this case at the next stage of industrial cluster development, expenses incurred by investor may be reimbursed (compensated) by entering in the budgets additional sources of income from the development of the territory of cluster functioning. The author's proposal is that in this case, in the accounts of the Investment Fund the financial resources for compensation of investors’ expenses can be accumulated to build the infrastructure of the cluster. The sources of additional revenues to the budget system may be additional amounts of tax paid by economic entities located on the territory of the dairy industry cluster, so we can talk about expanding the tax base caused by development of the territory. It is shown that in addition to using the tools of public-private partnership, formation of dairy industrial cluster must be done with consideration of foreign experience of functioning such clusters. The article is also attempted to highlight the main groups of risks that arise when implementing the investment project to build a dairy industrial cluster and to show the ways (tools) of the distribution of these risks between members of the cluster. The author has made the calculations for the change in funding between the major stakeholders in the dairy industrial cluster. In addition, the paper is concerned with a compensation model for the redistribution of additionally arising costs between the potential members of the dairy industrial cluster that would facilitate the use of the priority tools for the formation of dairy industrial cluster.

scholarly journals The role of cluster cycle and pattern of interaction to competition strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hartono ◽  
Agus Sobari
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Wooden Furniture ◽  
The Impact

Many studies show that industrial clusters have been successfully promoting the progress of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, many governments around the world, including Indonesia, enthusiastically perform comparative studies of cluster policy. Thus, it is important to understand the characteristics of the business of small and medium industries as input in formulating the policy of industrial clusters. Research objectives are focused on the early stages of analysis as to whether the cluster of wood and rattan furniture industry which has existed long enough in Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia, has formed a pattern of awareness among employers in considering the benefits proportionally between cooperation and competition. In various scientific literature reviews, this issue was named by the term coopetition. Thus, the benefits of this research are useful in formulating policy toward strengthening the industrial cluster furniture and rattan towards a more integrative of industrial clusters, and supporting industries involve complex, well integrated backward (backward linkage) and integrated into the front (forward linkage). In the end, it is expected that increasingly mature industrial clusters of wooden furniture and rattan will be transformed into a form of industrial agglomeration and positively impact on strengthening the competitiveness of the furniture industry widely influential in regional and national economy. The test results show that nearly all of the dimensions of a differentiator (discriminant factor) are significant by influence on differentiating into three patterns of interaction between companies in the cluster of wooden furniture and rattan, while there is only one dimension that is not significant, i.e., the horizontal dimension of cooperation. These results indicate that the industrial cluster of wooden furniture and rattan in Jepara have long formed, where the cycles and patterns of cooperation are factors that could indicate variations in differences concerning perceptions of entrepreneurs in the wood and rattan furniture cluster. Results of the analysis with the approach of the discriminant also show the forming awareness of employers about balancing the important role of competition. It is, as well as cooperation in the industrial cluster wood and rattan furniture from Jepara being already cycle of clusters, characterized by maturity. The cooperation is characterized by bilateral, multilateral, and vertical indicating that the cluster is ready to metamorphose into a form more complicated than an agglomeration. This condition needs to be examined further to see the impact of the maturity cycle of an industrial cluster and more complex patterns of cooperation towards the formation prerequisite agglomeration, and its impact on industrial performance and competitiveness clusters in the aggregate, as well as the economic development of the region

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CLUSTERS AS A TOOL TO ENSURE HIGH RATES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-197
Author(s):  
V. M. Evlashkina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Regional Clusters ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article explores the concept of a cluster, reviews the interpretation of this concept by various authors, and proposes an author's definition. We highlighted the advantages of creating a cluster for the region, as well as for companies that in the future will become its participants. The author noted the possible negative consequences of the functioning of the cluster. The paper outlines the priorities of the cluster policy of the European Center and analyzes the statistical data of industrial clusters in the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made about the creation of a cluster has a significant positive impact on the economy and sustainable development of the region and the country as a whole.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Financing Industrial Clusters

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
M.B. Trachenko ◽  
O.D. Gaisha
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Tier System ◽  
The Impact

The article is solving an actual problem — development of a system of indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of financing industrial clusters in Russia. The article analyzes the cluster models of Russian and foreign authors, identifies their strengths and weaknesses. A universal information model of the cluster was developed, reflecting the interaction of the participants among themselves and with external stakeholders of the cluster development. The developed model has three control loops: internal cluster stakeholders, cluster, cluster's region. Each has the specificity of the movement of inventory and cash flows, information interaction in the implementation of cluster policy, and reflects the interests of various stakeholders of industrial clusters. The model lays the groundwork to justify a three-tier system of indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of financing industrial clusters. The subsystems of the indicators of the impact of the industrial cluster on the regional economy, of the indicators of the industrial cluster development and the subsystem of the indicators of the financial condition of enterprises participating in the industrial cluster are highlighted in the proposed system. The study used the methods of bibliographic and logical analysis, synthesis and systems approach, mathematical methods of statistical data processing. The developed system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of financing industrial clusters can be used to conduct current and subsequent monitoring of financing the implementation of cluster programs, to prepare decisions on the allocation of budgetary funds by state and municipal authorities, and to potential investors to determine the most promising investment instruments.

Assessing the size of agricultural holdings

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
N. I. Shagaida
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Large Share ◽  
State Support ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
To Receive

The article clarifies the concept of “agricultural holding”, using an approach to assessing the size on the basis of the total revenue of all agricultural organizations within the agricultural holding. It has been revealed that only 100 of the total number of agricultural holdings that were identified can be attributed to large business entities. They comprise about 3% of agricultural organizations in the country, while their share in the proceeds is about 37%. A large share of agricultural holdings — large business subjects under the control of Russian entities operate in one, and under the control of foreign legal entities — in three or more regions of the Russian Federation. Vertical integration within the framework of large agricultural holdings with different schemes for including the stages of processing and sale of products produced in their agricultural organizations allows them to receive advantages. Strengthening the role of large business entities in agriculture puts on the agenda the issue of differentiating approaches to taxation and state support in agriculture, depending on the size of the companies’ agricultural businesses.

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