Effects of Infrasound on Respiratory Function of Man

Author(s):  
Osamu Okai

It is reported elsewhere that a high-level of infrasound can keep a dog alive without respiratory movement. An investigation was made into the effect of infrasound on the respiratory function of 8 human subjects with ages 21 to 25 years, 2 males and 6 females. After 30 seconds breath holding the oxygen-saturation content measured at the ear exhibited a flat latent prerecovery phase which was followed by a recovery phase. When the subjects were exposed to 100 dB-infrasound at 10 and 20 Hz, the latent time of the flat phase and the total recovery time (from the onset to the end of the recovery phase) were both decreased. At the same time the initial rise of the recovery curve was increased, compared with the control data. The result suggests that a high-level of infrasound can enhance the ventilation function of the respiratory system without any change in the respiratory period on the part of the subject.

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. McKenna

Psychogalvanic responses (PGR) were measured in human subjects as response to cutaneous stimulation by thermal radiation. There were 37 subjects of both sexes, aged 18–40 years and there were 2054 presentations. An apparatus for recording PGR on an EEG tracing is described. Based on physical intensity of stimulus there is a complete overlap of pain-nonpain categories—from 35Ð to 55ÐC end temperature in irradiated skin. Plotting magnitude of PGR against physical intensity of stimulus for pain and nonpain categories reveals that intensity of reaction in pain is not determined by physical intensity of stimulus. When magnitude of reaction is compared as between pain and nonpain responses on the basis of the same stimulus intensities, it is found to be greater for pain to a highly significant extent; on the same basis, duration of response is longer for pain, but not at a high level of significance. The PGR is shown to be an accurate discriminator of the subjective pain sensation threshold. When electrocortical are compared to electrodermal reactions, both are found to be triggered in a consistent manner by the common stimulus, which consistency is reduced when the subject judges the stimulus painful. Effects of habituation are examined and shown not to be causal to results. Implications of the findings for the pain experience in the true life situation are discussed. Submitted on October 20, 1958


1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Koler ◽  
A. C. Young ◽  
C. J. Martin

Lobarspirometry was used to measure the relative volume changes between pulmonary lobes in normal human subjects. The flow resistive properties of the system were obviated by having the subject interrupt flow throughout the vital capacity range. The plot of relative volume changes of the upper and the lower lobe during inspiration was curvilinear in all subjects. Expiration had a less consistent pattern, but most often the upper lobe, rather than the lower lobe, contributed more to late expiration. The plot of volume differences between lungs did not reveal a consistent relationship. However, in contrast to the plot of the lobes, the plot of the lung volumes was often linear. The breath-holding points frequently showed a ‘creep’ phenomenon where the volume changes between lobes were opposite in direction or where the volume in one lobe remained constant, while that in the other was increasing or decreasing. Changes in body position did not affect these curves. The occurrence of unequal volume changes must mean that the mechanical properties of the units differ or that they are exposed to different stresses. Submitted on August 19, 1958


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Evgeni Semizorov ◽  
Nikolai Prokopev ◽  
Denis Gubin ◽  
Svetlana Solovyeva

Purpose: to study body resilience to hypoxia of students from different regions enrolled to the specialized universities of Tiumen, with the use of Stange and Genchi tests. Research methods and organization. The study involved 105 students enrolled to three specialized universities in Tiumen, who used to live in urban areas (UA) and rural areas (RA). We studied the parameters of respiratory function by means of Stange and Genchi tests. Results and discussion. The study revealed that young men from rural areas demonstrate higher timed inspiratory capacity according to the results of Stange test than young men from urban areas do. Timed inspiratory and expiratory capacity varied depending on the age of young people, with the maximum peak occurring at the age of 18 and 19 years. Breath-holding capacity decreased when young men reached the first mature age. Conclusion. According to Stange test, students from rural areas demonstrate higher timed inspiratory capacity and volitional effort than the students from urban areas do. It characterizes a high level of non-specific adaptive capacity of their bodies. Physical education requires wide exploitation of a simple, accessible and informative indicator of timed inspiratory and expiratory capacity for objective assessment of respiratory function. We should take into consideration that breath-holding capacity decreases with advancing age.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Maria Yulianti

The background of this study was the low student learning outcomes of PPKn, from 28 students who achievedthe completeness criteria at least only 11 students (39.29%). The low student learning outcomes are caused bythe high level of individuality between students so that the achievement of competence among studentsexperiences a very distant difference. Based on this, the researchers made improvements to student learningoutcomes through the application of STAD cooperative learning models. This research is a classroom actionresearch, with the subject of class VII of SMP Negeri 3 Teluk Kuantan. The data used in this study is PPKnlearning outcomes data. The results stated that after applying the STAD type cooperative learning model studentlearning outcomes had increased in the initial data the number of students who completed were 11 students, incycle I had an increase with the number of 18 students, and in cycle II the number of students who completedcontinued to increase by the number 22 student.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (34) ◽  
pp. 391-422
Author(s):  
اشواق حسن حميد صالح

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed ​​3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .


Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.


Cultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Iryna MELNYCHUK ◽  
Nadiya FEDCHYSHYN ◽  
Oleg PYLYPYSHYN ◽  
Anatolii VYKHRUSHCH

The article analyzes the philosophical and cultural view of “doctor’s professional culture” as a result of centuries-old practice of human relations, which is characterized by constancy and passed from generation to generation. Medicine is a complex system in which an important role is played by: philosophical outlook of a doctor, philosophical culture, ecological culture, moral culture, aesthetic culture, artistic culture. We have found that within the system “doctor-patient” the degree of cultural proximity becomes a factor that influences the health or life of a patient. Thus, the following factors are important here: 1) communication that suppresses a sick person; 2) the balance of cultural and intellectual levels; 3) the cultural environment of a patient which has much more powerful impact on a patient than the medical one.At the present stage, the interdependence of professional and humanitarian training of future specialists is predominant, as a highly skilled specialist can not but become a subject of philosophizing. We outlined the sphere where the doctors present a genre variety of philosophizing (philosophical novels, apologies, dialogues, diaries, aphorisms, confessions, essays, etc.). This tradition represents the original variations in the formation of future doctor’s communicative competences, which are formed in the process of medical students’ professional training.A survey conducted among medical students made it possible to establish their professional values, which are indicators of the formation of philosophical and culturological competence. It was found out that 92% of respondents believed that a doctor should demonstrate a high level of health culture (avoid drinking and smoking habits, etc.)99% of respondents favoured a high level of personal qualities of a doctor which would allow methods and forms of medical practice to assert higher human ideals of truth, goodness and beauty that are the subject area of cultural studies and philosophy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2899
Author(s):  
Sang Hun Lee ◽  
Yi Hyun Kang ◽  
Rong Dai

Speeches delivered in the Conference of the Parties (COPs) to the Convention on Biological Diversity represent leading discourses about biodiversity conservation. The discourse shared by high-level politicians is especially influential in the financing and decision-making process of global biodiversity governance. However, the speeches given in the COPs have not been the subject of systematic analyses until now. This study analyzes the host countries’ speeches given at the six most recent COPs and investigates which discourses have been expressed in the speeches. The regulatory discourse that views nature as a resource was found to be the dominant discourse, while other discourses that view nature as a scientific object or a spiritual entity were represented only marginally. As the need for a transformational policy for biodiversity conservation is growing amid a global pandemic, it is essential to deepen our understanding of the dynamics and complexity of nature and reflect it in the policy process. This study suggests that more balanced discourse on biodiversity may earn broader audiences’ consensus on biodiversity conservation.


Author(s):  
Николай Алексеевич Коломытцев

Наличие значительного уровня рецидива в стране напрямую связано с весьма низкой (до 47 %) раскрываемостью преступлений. Кроме того, высокий уровень рецидива преступлений свидетельствует о том, что применяемое к осужденным уголовное наказание в виде лишения свободы не всегда оказывает на них должное воспитательное и принудительное воздействие. Эта ситуация обусловлена недостатками деятельности администрации учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. Пробелы в законодательстве, ошибки в избрании судом вида и срока наказания сказываются на его эффективности. Рост рецидива преступлений связан и с неблагополучной жизненной ситуацией, в которой часто оказываются освобожденные от отбывания наказания. Все сказанное убедительно подтверждает актуальность и научную новизну данной работы. Целью написания данной статьи является попытка определения комплексной реализации борьбы с рецидивом преступлений. Предмет изучения рецидива преступлений определяется важностью существующих ценностей, причиняемым им ущербом и общественным резонансом в отношении этого явления. Методологическую основу работу составил метод познания, общенаучные и частнонаучные методы изучения. При этом использовались труды отечественных и зарубежных правоведов. В статье автор рассматривает историко-правовой, криминологический, уголовно-правовой и уголовно-исполнительный аспекты рецидива преступлений, анализирует законодательство и судебную практику за длительное время. Приводится понятие указанного социально-правового явления, предлагаются определенные направления его предупреждения. Статья представляет интерес для курсантов, слушателей, студентов юридических вузов, преподавателей и сотрудников правоохранительных органов. The high level of relapse in our country depends on the low crime detection rate (less than 47 %). In this context, ineffective penalization measures for offenders in prison can have an impact on recidivism rates. This fact revealed serious deficiencies in the administration of detention facilities. Gaps in legislation, judicial errors in the sentencing proceeds, incorrect type of punishment and penalty negatively affect the itseffectiveness. Difficult circumstances for discharged prisoners might cause the growth of resurgence. Thus, this article devoted to the topical and innovative issue. The aim of this article is to combat and prevent criminal activities in the area of resurgence. The subject matter of recidivism is determinated by the importance of social values, the harm inflicted, and public outcry provoked with this phenomenon. A methodological framework for this research includes the cognition method, common and private methods. The author used native and foreign scholarly writings. The author researches a historical and legal, criminological, criminal and penal reviews of relapse. He analysis legal rules and case law over a long term. “Resurgence of crimes” is defined. Some means of relapse prevention are supposed. The article might be meaningful for the students and tutors of law faculties, and also for the law enforcement officials.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336
Author(s):  
Siti Hadijah Che Mat Et.al

There are various factors influencing a student’s academic achievement at any level, either primary, secondary or tertiary. These factors include attitudes, learning techniques, general interest in the subject matter, factors related to teacher, family or friends, previous achievements, teaching and learning environment and facilities, infrastructure, and teaching methods. This article explores factors affecting the achievement of student of a course offered in the economic program of universitiutaramalaysia. For this article, a total of 220 students who registered for macroeconomics course at universitiutaramalaysia were randomly selected to be the study sample. of the 220 responses, only 211 were analysed because some questionnaire forms was returned with incomplete information. these students consist of second, third and fourth year students. The study found that among the items in the lecturer preparation factor which came with high mean scores is the item "lecturer shows dedication in teaching". There is no denying that teaching and learning methods incorporating the latest technology and trends are desirable but the study shows that teaching using longstanding approach like using whiteboards is still preferable among students and gives the highest mean value of 7.44, which is a high level score. In terms of learning techniques, the study found that students are not consistent between the goals to achieve excellence with the appropriate effort taken by them. although they want to achieve high excellence in this subject but their efforts and actions are not inclined to that desire


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document