scholarly journals Exploring Soto Zen in Peru

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Germán McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Soto Zen ◽  
Lay Members ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

Soto Zen has grown in importance in Peru since 2005, a phenomenon that has not yet been well studied. To analyze such a process, this research uses the “processive modes” theory as developed by M. Baumann and the Rational Choice Theory as applied to religion by R. Stark and R. Finke. It draws upon qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews and written questionnaires conducted in two stages, the first one between 2007 and 2009, and the second one in 2013, as well as through participant observation. This study concludes that after deploying important organizational, institutional, communicational and financial resources, today’s Soto Zen presence in Peru can be characterized by the drive to adapt its tradition to Peruvians on the one hand, and maintaining a connection to its roots on the other. As a consequence of these two realities, the Soto Zen community is facing tensions between ordained leadership and lay members. These may jeopardize the strategic position the community has within the Peruvian religious marketplace. 

scholarly journals The culture of UK employee-owned worker cooperatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-776
Author(s):  
David Wren
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worker Cooperatives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ownership Types

PurposeThis paper presents exploratory, empirical data from a three-year study of organizational culture in for-profit, employee-owned businesses within the UK, comparing ownership types (direct, trust, and cooperative). It outlines the study and then focuses on worker cooperatives. Culture is illuminated through the lens of performance and reward management.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data was gathered from three worker cooperatives based in the North of England, using semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document review and was compared to qualitative data collected from other types of employee-owned businesses.FindingsThe findings suggest a distinct culture within worker cooperatives encompassing five key values: a whole life perspective, consistently shared values, self-ownership, self-control, and secure employment.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional time with each cooperative and a greater spread of cooperatives would be beneficial. The research was carried out during a period of organizational growth for the case organizations, which may influence attitudes to reward and retention management.Practical implicationsThe results inform recruitment and retention policy and practice within worker cooperatives and highlight concerns regarding the stresses of being a self-owner. These are important considerations for potential worker co-operatives alongside policy recommendations to advance employee ownership.Originality/valueA comparative analysis of culture, performance, and rewards across different employee ownership types has not been undertaken before. This addresses an under-researched area of employee ownership regarding HR practices. Within the UK, recent research on the culture(s) of worker cooperatives is limited.

Mapping the Field of “AR”: Adventure Racing and Bourdieu’s Concept of Field

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Kay ◽  
Suzanne Laberge
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Dynamic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adventure Racing

Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of field, this paper explores the particular stakes and struggles that animate both the relationships among adventure racing (AR) participants and the competition among race organizers in order to highlight the social dynamic and power structure of this new “lifestyle” sport. Our investigation relies on a diversity of qualitative data, namely semi-structured interviews with 37 AR participants. Adventure Racing Association Listserve discussion, and participant observation of Eco-Challenge Argentina 1999. Our analysis demonstrates that what is at stake in the AR field is both the definition of the sport practice’s legitimate form as well as its orientation with respect to two dominant delineating forces: “authenticity” and “spectacularization” of the adventure. These two forces currently constitute the specific forms of capital (sources of prestige) that define the AR field.

scholarly journals How Does Voluntary Contact with the Police Produce Distrust? Evidence from the French Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Victor Le Le Franc ◽  
Alexis Spire
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Police Station ◽  
French Case ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, this article points out the effects that instances of contact with the police can produce on the relationship with this public institution. The quantitative analysis highlights that trust in the police depends on social variables, such as political orientation, level of resources, age, and religion, but also on the frequency of direct contact with this institution. Being summoned to a police station is significantly associated with distrust in the police, and self-initiated contacts also promote distrust toward the police. Our qualitative data, collected through participant observation and interviews, provide a further insight into these results. The interaction between the police and governed people has two dimensions that may explain the production of distrust. On the one hand, the interaction involves a relationship of domination by the police, which is manifested by a demand on the part of the police for docility from the complainants. On the other hand, it involves a relationship of service, which gives rise to an expectation of recognition on the part of governed people, an expectation that is rarely satisfied. These everyday interactions do not necessarily translate into judgments about the fairness of police officers. Such feelings of frustration and dispossession should be taken into consideration in understanding how trust is affected by these voluntary contacts.

Why property market forecasts fail

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manya Mainza Mooya
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neoclassical Economic Theory ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The One

PurposeThe paper addresses the puzzling phenomenon of the ubiquity of economic forecasting, of which property market forecasting is but one instance, on the one hand, and the unreliability of such forecasts, on the other hand. The paper explains why property market forecasts fail, in a non-trivial sense, and why this problem is irredeemable.Design/methodology/approachThis was a conceptual paper and was based on original thought and literature review.FindingsThis paper attributes the failure of property market forecasts to the inappropriate application of the methodology of the natural sciences to the social sciences by mainstream economics. Specifically, the problem is located in the positivist philosophy and the assumptions of methodological individualism and rational choice theory underlying neoclassical economic theory.Originality/valueThe paper makes an original contribution by clearly showing why and how the methodology of the natural sciences, especially physics, has been applied to economics and property market analysis, why this is inappropriate and why it leads to failure. The paper introduces a debate that has hitherto been mostly confined to philosophy and mainstream economics into the property or real estate discipline and in a manner that is accessible to a non-philosophy audience.

scholarly journals Alternatives to the face-to-face consultation in general practice: focused ethnographic case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (669) ◽  
pp. e293-e300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Atherton ◽  
Heather Brant ◽  
Sue Ziebland ◽  
Annemieke Bikker ◽  
John Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Practices ◽  
The One

BackgroundNHS policy encourages general practices to introduce alternatives to the face-to-face consultation, such as telephone, email, e-consultation systems, or internet video. Most have been slow to adopt these, citing concerns about workload. This project builds on previous research by focusing on the experiences of patients and practitioners who have used one or more of these alternatives.AimTo understand how, under what conditions, for which patients, and in what ways, alternatives to face-to-face consultations present benefits and challenges to patients and practitioners in general practice.Design and settingFocused ethnographic case studies took place in eight UK general practices between June 2015 and March 2016.MethodNon-participant observation, informal conversations with staff, and semi-structured interviews with staff and patients were conducted. Practice documents and protocols were reviewed. Data were analysed through charting and the ‘one sheet of paper’ mind-map method to identify the line of argument in each thematic report.ResultsCase study practices had different rationales for offering alternatives to the face-to-face consultation. Beliefs varied about which patients and health issues were suitable. Co-workers were often unaware of each other’s practice; for example, practice policies for use of e-consultations systems with patients were not known about or followed. Patients reported benefits including convenience and access. Staff and some patients regarded the face-to-face consultation as the ideal.ConclusionExperience of implementing alternatives to the face-to-face consultation suggests that changes in patient access and staff workload may be both modest and gradual. Practices planning to implement them should consider carefully their reasons for doing so and involve the whole practice team.

scholarly journals Implikasi Latihan Yoga Asana Bagi Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Di Ashram Gandhi Puri Sevagram Klungkung

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
I Wayan Rudiarta
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Character Formation ◽  
Yoga Class ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Way Of Thinking

<p><em>Character is a positive values and attitude of life, which is owned by a person so that it influences behavior, way of thinking, acting and ultimately becomes a culture. A person's character will be formed if given positive touches, both physically, mentally and spiritually. One method used is through the practice of yoga asanas as applied at the Ashram Gandhi Puri Sevagram Klungkung. The practice of yoga asanas with the principle of the ashram is able to have implications for changing the character of students towards noble characters. This study focuses on issues concerning the process of forming student’s character through yoga asana exercises and character values formed in students through Yoga asana practice at Ashram Gandhi Puri Sevagram Klungkung. This type of research is qualitative. Data from informants in this research was collected using a purposive technique and to obtain data used several techniques, namely participant observation, in-depth structured interviews, literature studies and documentation studies that were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results found that the process of character formation of Ashram students through three stages called kriya yoga, namely Tapah, Svadhyaya, and Isvara Pranidhana. In the Tapah stage, a yoga class is conducted which is correlated with panca kramaning sembah. Character values that are formed from the process of yoga asana practice at Ashram Gandhi Puri are the values of discipline, the value of curiosity, the value of responsibility, the value of hard work, creative value, religious value, and honest values.</em></p>

scholarly journals Capital theory and rational choice

Sociologija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Natasa Golubovic
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Marxian Theory ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Almost from the very beginning of economic science the notion of capital has been the subject of numerous controversies. The main reason for the concept's controversial nature is that it explains interest and profit. In Marxian theory, where 'manner of production' determines forms of activities, mutual relationships and life of individuals, capital appears as a social phenomenon i.e. social relation. Goods and money are not capital by themselves but become capital in the capitalist way of production. Economics mainstream is based on methodological individualism upon which explanation of social phenomena and processes must be derived from individual behavior and motivation. Capital, therefore, is not a product of capitalism as a socially and historically specific form of economic organization, but is rather perceived as connected to the individual and his or her rational behavior. Rational choice is the basic and sometimes the only explanatory factor in the neoclassic theories of capital. Although theories of human and cultural capital point out the interdependence between individual activity and choice on the one hand, and social position on the other hand in the process of capitalization, the connection remains in the background and somehow unclear. A more explicit indication of the interdependence between social structure and choice can be found in the theory of social capital. The goal of this paper is to explore the role of rational choice theory in explaining the nature of capital.

To Vote or not to Vote?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortune Agbele
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
National Level ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
General Elections

This book examines variations in voter turnout at the sub-national level during general elections. It employs a case study–mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to provide in-depth evidence for three systematically selected constituencies with varying levels of voter turnout. Findings from the study challenge the adequacy of the strict application of rational choice theory in providing a comprehensive understanding of why voter turnout might vary. The book furthermore advances a framework, that is, individual and collective-level utilities, expanding on the concept of utility to account for variations in voter turnouts. The book’s conclusions highlight the importance of local contexts in shaping voter behaviour and emphasises the primacy of local political dynamics when studying voter behaviour. Moreover, the book enriches our understanding of voter behaviour on the African continent, underscoring the need to adopt a multi-dimensional lens for the study of African politics.

Structure and Virtue in United States Political Economy

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary O. Furner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salvage Operation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Reform ◽  
The One

During a crucial period of United States history, 1880s–1940s, ideas developed in political economy were the core component of a transformation in the way Americans thought about the social and political order. These decades, the era of the elaboration in the United States and internationally of what historians of liberal reform thought refer to as the New Liberalism, were the site of a general reassessment of the constitutive ideologies, Smithian/Lockean liberalism, and a democratized, commercialized version of classical republicanism hanging over from the agrarian republic. Scary, unexpectedly turbulent conditions in an economy plagued by recurrent cyclical downturns in investment and employment, accompanied by unprecedented levels of social conflict, placed a premium on new knowledge. This need arose just as the academic professionalization of the social sciences, the rise of critical political journalism, and highly mobilized women's and labor movements began providing impressive new analytical talent. Efforts to find answers to pressing issues raised by the “social question” were intended initially by most of those involved as a salvage operation for what remained valid among key tenets of American liberalism regarding individualism, competition, the efficacy of the market, and the role of the state. Instead, they led ultimately to a reconstruction in public philosophy, at least on the scale of the one underway since the 1970s, with the “the return of the market,” the unprecedented sway of neoclassicism, and the multidisciplinary appeal of rational choice theory.

scholarly journals SAINDO DO ARMÁRIO: DIÁRIO DE CAMPO EM UMA ESCOLA LGBTTT / COMING OUT OF THE CLOSET: FIELD DIARY ON A SCHOOL LGBTTT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Antônio Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Personal Learning ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Two Stages

Este trabalho tem como foco a investigação das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos homossexuais em seu percurso de vida. Investiga ainda a realidade dos alunos da escola E-Jovem, uma instituição de Campinas (SP) voltada para o público LGBTTT, verificando as possíveis transformações vividas tanto no âmbito pessoal (aprendizagem, liberdade etc.) quanto no âmbito coletivo relativas ao combate à homofobia. A coleta de dados aconteceu em duas etapas: inicialmente foram realizadas observações participantes no ambiente escolar e, em seguida, foram feitas entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas com cinco alunos e cinco professores.ABSTRACTThis work focuses on the investigation of the difficulties faced by homosexuals in their life path. It also investigates the reality of E-Jovem school students, an institution from Campinas/ (SP, Brazil) dedicated to the LGBT+ public, checking possible transformations in both personal (learning, freedom etc.) and collective levels regarding the struggle against homophobia. Data collection was carried out in two stages: initially, a participant observation was conducted in the school environment, and then individual semi-structured interviews were lead with five students and five teachers.

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