The Discrepancy between Gross Features and Chemical Compositions in Gallbladder Stone: A Descriptive Single Center Study in the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Hyo Cha ◽  
Min Jung Park ◽  
Joo Yeong Baeg ◽  
Sunpyo Lee ◽  
Young Joon Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cholesterol Stone ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Gallbladder Stone ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Primary Indication

Background and Study Aim: Gallbladder stone (GBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease that is the primary indication for cholecystectomy. The present study was conducted to describe the chemical composition of gallstones in a tertiary referral hospital in the United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with GBS and who underwent cholecystectomy due to symptomatic GBS and cholecystitis in Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital were enrolled in this study. After cholecystectomy, all stone specimens were classified according to their gross findings into 4 groups, namely black pigmented stones (BLPS), brown pigmented stones (BRPS), mixed cholesterol stones, and cholesterol stones (CLS). Quantitative analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was then performed to define the stones’ chemical constituents. They were reclassified into two groups as CLS (cholesterol ≥ 60%) and pigmented stones (PGS, cholesterol ≤ 59%) based on gallstone composition analysis. Results: A total of 237 stones were divided into four groups based on their gross findings; cholesterol stones (32.0%), mixed cholesterol (29.2%), black pigmented (26.4%), and brown pigmented (12.3%). After chemical composition analysis, they were resorted into the two following groups according to their cholesterol proportions: pigmented (28.3%) and cholesterol (71.7%). There were significant statistical mean age differences between the pigmented and cholesterol stone groups (58.5±19.8 vs. 34.4±11.0, p < 0.01). Conclusion: This descriptive study showed the hospital-based clinical incidence of GBS and suggested that there might be a discrepancy in stone classification based on gross findings and chemical compositions. Moreover, pigmented stones are more likely to be present in older patients than cholesterol stones.

scholarly journals Research on NDT Technology in Inference of Steel Member Strength Based on Macro/Micro Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Beidou Ding ◽  
Naiqiang Xiao ◽  
Shuxun Zhang ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Steel Strength ◽  
Tension Properties

In consideration of correlations among hardness, chemical composition, grain size, and strength of carbon steel, a new nondestructive testing technology (NDT) of inferring the carbon steel strength was explored. First, the hardness test, chemical composition analysis, and metallographic analysis of 162 low-carbon steel samples were conducted. Second, the following works were carried out: (1) quantitative relationship between steel Leeb hardness and carbon steel strength was studied on the basis of regression analysis of experimental data; (2) influences of chemical composition and grain size on tension properties of carbon steel were analyzed on the basis of stepwise regression analysis, and quantitative relationship between conventional compositions and grain size with steel strength was obtained; (3) according to the macro and/or micro factors such as hardness, chemical compositions, and grain size of carbon steel, the fitting formula of steel strength was established based on MLR (multiple linear regressions) method. The above relationships and fitting formula based on MLR method could be used to estimate the steel strength with no damage to the structure in engineering practice.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Resistance and Sensitivity of Infectious Bacteria to Dendrostellera lessertii and Chemical Composition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Mostafa Alamholo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis

Introduction: Herbal plants are important sources for finding new and rare products of medicinal value for drug development. The present research aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of Dendrostellera lessertii against infectious bacteria and analyze its chemical composition. Methods: The different organs comprising root, stem, and leaf of D. lessertii from Lorestan province, Iran, were tested. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well-diffusion assay. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were assessed by the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were tested by the serial dilution method, and chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: The chemical composition analysis showed the dominance of bergamotol (10.62%) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (7.49%) in the stem extract. However, phytol (12.64%) and E-11-hexadecenal (12.53%) were major constituents in the root extract. Furthermore, major constituents in the leaf extract were phytol (19.658%) and hexadecanoic acid (7.151%). The methanolic extract of root exhibited the highest TPC as 109.1±2.2 mgGA/g and TFC as 2.1±0.33 mgQ/g. The root methanolic extract demonstrated a MIC of 3.125 mg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis. Accordingly, the highest sensitivity and resistance were observed on E. faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Conclusion: Dendrostellera lessertii extract is suggested as a source for antimicrobial drugs, especially to treat bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Comparison of colors, microstructure, chemical composition and thermal properties of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells with heat treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyu Wu ◽  
Tuhua Zhong ◽  
Wenfu Zhang ◽  
Jiangjing Shi ◽  
Benhua Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

AbstractThe effects of heat treatment at various temperatures on mechanically separated bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were examined in terms of color, microstructure, chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal properties. The heat-treated parenchyma cells and fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), chemical composition analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the colors of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were darkened as treatment temperature increased. The microstructure of the treated fibers and parenchyma cells slightly changed, yet the shape of starch granules in parenchyma cells markedly altered at a temperature of above 160 °C. The chemical compositions varied depending on the heat treatment temperature. When treated at 220 °C, the cellulose content was almost unchanged in fibers but increased by 15% in parenchyma cells; the hemicellulose content decreased and the lignin content increased regardless of fibers and parenchyma cells. The cellulose crystal structure was nearly unaffected by heat treatment, but the cellulose crystallinity of fibers changed more pronouncedly than that of parenchyma cells. The thermal stability of parenchyma cells after heat treatment was affected more substantially compared to fibers.

scholarly journals Determining Chemical Composition of Cattle Urine and Indigenous Plant Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Md. Nur Alam Miah ◽  
M. R. U. Miah ◽  
M. Z. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Neem Seed Kernel Extracts

 The study was conducted to determine the specific chemical constituents of cattle urine and indigenous plant extracts. Chemical analysis revealed that the specific chemical composition i.e., chloride, sulphate, nitrite and phosphorus pentaoxide contents of fresh and fermented cattle urine were 1556, 364, 2.0, 26.8 and 4514, 252, 22.4, 7.49 mg l-1, respectively. The proximate chemical compositions of neem seed kernel extracts, mahagoni seed extracts and allamanda leaves extracts were analyzed and it was found to contain chloride (144, 55.4, 141 mg l-1), sulphate (51.1, 5.03, ˂4.0 mg l-1), nitrite (˂1.0, ˂1.0, ˂1.0 mg l-1) and phosphorus pentaoxide (413, 410, 49.5 mg l-1), respectively. Chloride and nitrite in fermented cattle urine (4514 and 22.4 mg l-1) was found extremely higher than in fresh cattle urine (1556 and 2.0 mg l-1). There was numerically higher difference in sulphate and phosphorus pentaoxide concentrations in fresh cattle urine (364, 26.8 mg l-1) compared to fermented cattle urine (252, 7.49 mg l-1).These results revealed that indigenous plant extracts of neem seed kernel, mahagoni seed and allamanda leaves contents chloride, sulphate and nitrite were extremely lower than in both fresh and fermented cattle urine but there were great difference in phosphorus pentaoxide concentration (413, 410, 49.5 mg l-1) in both fresh and fermented cattle urine (26.8, 7.49 mg l-1) composition. It was evident from this study that as the fermented cattle urine contained higher concentration of chloride and nitrite can be considered as a good means of insect pest management.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions of Edamame Genotypes Grown in Different Locations in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dajun Yu ◽  
Tiantian Lin ◽  
Kemper Sutton ◽  
Nick Lord ◽  
Renata Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Little Rock ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
High Sucrose

The consumption of edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the US has rapidly increased due to its nutritional value and potential health benefits. In this study, 10 edamame genotypes were planted in duplicates in three different locations in the US—Whitethorne, Virginia (VA), Little Rock, Arkansas (AR), and Painter, VA. Edamame samples were harvested at the R6 stage of the bean development when beans filled 80–90% of the pod cavity. Afterward, comprehensive chemical composition analysis, including sugars, alanine, protein, oil, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), starch, ash, and moisture contents, were conducted on powdered samples using standard methods and the total sweetness was calculated based on the measured sugars and alanine contents. Significant effects of the location were observed on all chemical constituents of edamame (p &lt; 0.05). The average performance of the genotypes was higher in Whitethorne for the contents of free sucrose (59.29 mg/g), fructose (11.42 mg/g), glucose (5.38 mg/g), raffinose (5.32 mg/g), stachyose (2.34 mg/g), total sweetness (78.63 mg/g), and starch (15.14%) when compared to Little Rock and Painter. The highest soluble alanine (2.67 mg/g), NDF (9.00%), ash (5.60%), and moisture (70.36%) contents were found on edamame planted in Little Rock while edamame planted in Painter had the highest crude protein (43.11%) and oil (20.33%) contents. Significant effects of genotype were observed on most of the chemical constituents (p &lt; 0.05) except NDF and raffinose. Among the 10 genotypes, R13-5029 consistently had high sucrose content and total sweetness across the three locations, meanwhile it had relatively high protein and fiber contents. Overall, the results indicate that to breed better edamame genotypes in the US, both genotype and planting location should be taken into considerations.

Extraction and the Chemical Composition Analysis of the Essential Oil Flowers of Ficus hookeriana Corner

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Gui Qiong Wei ◽  
Rong Zheng ◽  
Xiao Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Phenylethyl Alcohol ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis ◽  
Oil Flowers

Objective: To analyse chemical constituents of the volatiles of Ficus hookeriana Corner. Method: The volatiles of bungei were extracted through steam distillation, and then the constituents were separated by GC and identified by MS. Result and Conclusion: 53 Compounds were identified. The principal chemical constituents of the volatiles of Ficus hookeriana Corner are Acetal (6.323%)、Benzyl Alcohol（11.781%）、Benzoic acid, methyl ester（1.749%）、Linalol（4.920%）、Phenylethyl Alcohol（3.101%）、Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester（1.415%）、Elemicin（5.099%）、Morillol（2.441%）、 Griseoxanthone C（1.212%）、Prednisolone（3.302%）、Fenolipuna（2.672%）、Norpluviine（1.494%）、Crotonosine（28.115%）、Griseoxanthone C*（2.085%）、α-Endosulfan（1.055%）、1,4-diamino-2-methoxy-9,10-Anthracenedione（3.349%）and so on.

Chemical Composition Analysis of TiAlBN Nanocomposite Coating Deposited via RF Magnetron Sputtering

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkifli Mohd Rosli ◽  
Zainab Mahamud ◽  
Wai Loon Kwan ◽  
Jariah Mohamad Juoi ◽  
K.T. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Nanocomposite Coating ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

TiAlBN nanocomposite coating have been successfully deposited on AISI 316 substrate via RF magnetron sputtering by varying nitrogen-to-total flow ratio (RN) of 5, 15, 20, 25%, as well as varying substrate temperature of 100, 200, 300, and 400 oC; using single Ti-Al-BN hot-pressed target. Chemical compositions of the coatings were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS results showed that the TiAlBN nanocomposite coating reaches a nitride saturated state at higher RN(e.g 15, 20, and 25%) and boron concentration was found to be approximately 9 at.%. However, as the concentration of nitrogen decreases at lower RN(5%), boron concentration was found to increase to 16.17 at. %.This is due to the increase of TiB2phase in the coating. Variations of substrate temperatures were found to give no significant effect on the chemical composition of the deposited TiAlBN nanocomposite coating.

Chemical Characteristics of Heartwood and Sapwood of Red-Heart Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Xiangwen Deng ◽  
Yifei Zhang ◽  
Yaqi Huang ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ph Values

Abstract The chemical composition of wood is an important factor affecting the properties and utilization of wood. To compare the difference in chemical compositions between heartwood and sapwood of red-heart Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), three graded wood, dominant, average, and overtopped trees were selected from the Chenshan Forest Station of Anfu County in Jiangxi Province. Their chemical composition parameters were determined according to international standards. Our results indicate that sapwood contains on average a higher moisture content than that of heartwood, constituting 9.4 and 8.6 percent, respectively. The pH values of wood present acidic and are higher in sapwood. Cellulose is abundant in both wood tissues; the heartwood content (52.0%) is higher than that of sapwood (48.6%) on average. Furthermore, the lignin in heartwood is slightly less than that of sapwood. Hemicellulose content is similar in heartwood and sapwood (23.4% vs. 23.1%), on average. All kinds of extractives in heartwood are substantially richer. Approximately three times more benzene–ethanol extractives are in heartwood than sapwood. This suggests that there is a considerable variation of chemical constituents among the graded woods (P &lt; 0.05). The pH values are both significantly correlated with the contents of the four extractives in heartwood and sapwood (P &lt; 0.05). The longitudinal variation of chemical compositions is different along the direction of tree height in heartwood and sapwood. Understanding the chemical heterogeneity of wood is vital for wood product manufacturing as well as for wood property improvement.

scholarly journals Variation of Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Cupressus lusitanica Growing in Different Agro-ecological Zones of Rwanda

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Papias Nteziyaremye ◽  
Jackson Cherutoi ◽  
Jacqueline Makatiani ◽  
Théoneste Muhizi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Ft Ir

Chemical composition and essential oil contents among essential oil-bearing plants are mostly influenced by different factors including ecological features of habitat. In this study, variation in yield and chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from the leaves of Cupressus lusitanica Mill. (Cupressaceae) in different regions of Rwanda was investigated. Extraction of essential oils from fresh leaves of C. lusitanica collected in March 2021 and April, 2021 from three different ecological zones of Rwanda, Buberuka highland zone (Burera), Central plateau zone (Huye) and Eastern savannah zone (Kayonza) was realized through steam distillation. The chemical compositions of distilled EOs were analyzed using both Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while their yields were determined by simple calculus. The average yields of the EOs were 0.27 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.02 and 0.39 ± 0.01% (v/w) for Burera, Huye and Kayonza, respectively. Results of FT-IR analysis were confirmed by those of GC-MS analysis, and indicated the presence of different groups of compounds including aliphatic alkanes, carboxylic acids, alkenes, aldehydes, aromatics and ketones in the EOs. GC-MS results revealed that sabinene (20.84%), myrcene (19.63%), α-pinene (10.23%) and δ-3-carene (10.13%) were the dominant chemical constituents for EOs of C. lusitanica from Burera. Umbellulone (24.21%), δ-3-carene (16.76%), sabinene (10.54%) and α-pinene (8.21%) were the main constituents for EOs of C. lusitanica from Huye, while γ-terpinene (18.77%), umbellulone (18.16%), isobornyl acetate (9.972%), and myrcene (7.20%) were the major components of EOs of C. lusitanica from Kayonza. The current results demonstrated an intraspecific variation in content and chemical profile of C. lusitanica EOs from one geographical region to another. The observed variations are mostly due to the interactions of C. lusitanica species with climatic and environmental conditions of ecological habitat. However, it could also be the effects of various biotic factors, as well as maturity of plant and stage of plant growth. Further studies are needed to establish the influence of different geo-climatic and environmental factors on each single major component of C. lusitanica EOs.

Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Brostow ◽  
◽  
Haley E. Hagg Lobland ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Common Thread

The property of brittleness for polymers and polymer-based materials (PBMs) is an important factor in determining the potential uses of a material. Brittleness of polymers may also impact the ease and modes of polymer processing, thereby affecting economy of production. Brittleness of PBMs can be correlated with certain other properties and features of polymers; to name a few, connections to free volume, impact strength, and scratch recovery have been explored. A common thread among all such properties is their relationship to chemical composition and morphology. Through a survey of existing literature on polymer brittleness specifically combined with relevant reports that connect additional materials and properties to that of brittleness, it is possible to identify chemical features of PBMs that are connected with observable brittle behavior. Relations so identified between chemical composition and structure of PBMs and brittleness are described herein, advancing knowledge and improving the capacity to design new and to choose among existing polymers in order to obtain materials with particular property profiles.

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