scholarly journals The role of interleukin-18 in the development and progression of atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsane Bahrami ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

: Atherosclerosis (AS) as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the cardiovascular system, is one of the leading cause of ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. There is growing evidence on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-18 is one of the novel proinflammatory cytokines involved in the atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque instability and plaque rupture. In this review, we overview the findings of the preclinical and clinical studies about the role and mechanism of action of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of AS, which could offer novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Nuclear Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lost in Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Moutinho ◽  
Juan F. Codocedo ◽  
Shweta S. Puntambekar ◽  
Gary E. Landreth
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Lost In Translation

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons that leads to a broad range of disabilities, including severe cognitive decline and motor impairment, for which there are no effective therapies. Several lines of evidence support a putative therapeutic role of nuclear receptors (NRs) in these types of disorders. NRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of genes linked to metabolism and inflammation. Although the activation of NRs in animal models of neurodegenerative disease exhibits promising results, the translation of this strategy to clinical practice has been unsuccessful. In this review we discuss the role of NRs in neurodegenerative diseases in light of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as new findings derived from the analysis of transcriptomic databases from humans and animal models. We discuss the failure in the translation of NR-based therapeutic approaches and consider alternative and novel research avenues in the development of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica

Reumatismo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Possemato ◽  
C. Salvarani ◽  
N. Pipitone
Keyword(s):  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of unknown cause clinically characterized by pain and prolonged morning stiffness affecting the shoulders and often the pelvic girdle and neck. Imaging has substantially contributed to defining PMR as a disease mainly involving extra-articular structures. This review article analyses the role of the different imaging techniques in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with PMR with particular emphasis on the role of ultrasound, PET/CT and MRI.

scholarly journals Role of epithelial ion transports in inflammatory bowel disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (7) ◽  
pp. G460-G476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Magalhães ◽  
José Miguel Cabral ◽  
Patrício Soares-da-Silva ◽  
Fernando Magro
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Potassium Secretion ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Diarrhea is a highly prevalent and often debilitating symptom of IBD patients that results, at least in part, from an intestinal hydroelectrolytic imbalance. Evidence suggests that reduced electrolyte absorption is more relevant than increased secretion to this disequilibrium. This systematic review analyses and integrates the current evidence on the roles of epithelial Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA), Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC), and K+ channels (KC) in IBD-associated diarrhea. NKA is the key driving force of the transepithelial ionic transport and its activity is decreased in IBD. In addition, the downregulation of apical NHE and ENaC and the upregulation of apical large-conductance KC all contribute to the IBD-associated diarrhea by lowering sodium absorption and/or increasing potassium secretion.

scholarly journals The Expanding Role of Systemic Therapy in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Winson Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Global Health Problem

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global health problem, with the majority of patients presenting at an advanced or incurable stage. The development of effective systemic therapy options for this disease has been challenging because many HCC patients suffer from underlying liver cirrhosis that precludes the safe delivery of systemic therapy. The current review seeks to provide an overview of the current systemic therapeutic approaches for advanced HCC as well as some of the novel management strategies that are currently being evaluated.

scholarly journals The role of lymphocyte-monocyte ratio on ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis and sacroiliac arthritis staging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Xiaxia Jin ◽  
Guoguang Lu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder

Abstract Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the sacroiliac joints, lumbar spine, thoracic spine and even cervical spine, and could leading to disability due to the failure of timely treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential to for AS treatment. The lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a systemic inflammatory and immunological indicator for prediction of disease development and progression. However, its role in AS remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of LMR in AS diagnosis, disease activity classification and sacroiliac arthritis staging. Methods: Seventy-eight AS patients and 78 sex-age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of AS was performed according to the New York criteria, whereas the staging of sacroiliac arthritis of AS patients was determined by X-ray examination.Comparison of between AS patients and HCs and between patients with high and low stages on LMR levels and other laboratory indicators were carried out. Results: A higher level of NLR, RDW, PLR, MPV, ESR, CRP and lower level of RBC, Hb, Hct, LMR, ALT, AST, TBIL and A/G were noted in the AS patients compared to HCs. A positive correlation was observed between LMR and RBC, Hb, Hct and A/G, while negative correlation was found between LMR and NLR, PLR, AST, TBIL (P< 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of LMR was 0.803(95%CI =0.734-0.872), with a sensitivity and specificity of 62.8% and 87.2%,and the AUC (95%CI) for ESR, CRP and LMR in the combined diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis were 0.975(0.948-1.000),with the sensitivity and specificity of 94.9% and 97.4% .Levels of WBC and NLR were higher in high X-ray stage patients, whereas levels of LMR was lower (P<0.05) and statistical differences were observed of LMR values among different stages (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggested that LMR is an important inflammatory marker that can be used to diagnosis AS and identify disease activity and X-ray stage of sacroiliac arthritis in AS patients.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Results of Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J Lorenzatti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the vasculature where cholesterol accumulates in the arterial wall stimulating infiltration of immune cells. This plays an important role in plaque formation, as well as complications caused by its build up. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are implicated throughout the progression of the disease and different therapies that aim to resolve this chronic inflammation, reduce cardiovascular (CV) events and improve clinical outcomes have been tested. The results from the pivotal CANTOS trial show that targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β successfully reduces the incidence of secondary CV events. This review briefly assesses the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, providing a picture of the multiple players involved in the process and offering a perspective on targeting inflammation to prevent atherosclerotic CV events, as well as focusing on the results of the latest Phase III clinical trials.

scholarly journals Smoking and Periodontitis Can Play a Synergistic Role in the Development of Psoriasis: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ju Hee Han ◽  
Jin Woo Park ◽  
Kyung Do Han ◽  
Jun Beom Park ◽  
Miri Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increase In Risk

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the periodontium. The precise nature of the association between periodontitis and psoriasis has not been determined. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This nationwide population-based study investigated the relationship between periodontitis and the risk of psoriasis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A health screening database, which is a sub-dataset of the Korean National Health Insurance System database, was used in this study. Subjects with (<i>n</i> = 1,063,004) and without (<i>n</i> = 8,655,587) periodontitis who underwent health examinations from January to December 2009 were followed for 9 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In multivariable analysis, compared to the non-periodontitis group, periodontitis patients had a significantly higher risk of developing psoriasis (hazard ratio 1.116, 95% confidence interval 1.101–1.13). Non-smokers with periodontitis had an 11% increase in risk of psoriasis and smokers with periodontitis had a 26.5% increase in risk of psoriasis compared to non-smokers without periodontitis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study highlights periodontitis as a potential independent risk factor for psoriasis, increasing awareness of the synergistic role of smoking and periodontitis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Diffusion Lung Capacity of Carbon Monoxide: A Novel Marker of Airways Remodeling in Asthmatic Children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. ar.2012.3.0033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio L. Piacentini ◽  
Giovanna Tezza ◽  
Elena Cattazzo ◽  
Ahmad Kantar ◽  
Vincenzo Ragazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Noninvasive Markers ◽  
Free Environment

Asthma is universally considered a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Several noninvasive markers, such as exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and exhaled breath temperature (PletM), have been proposed to evaluate the degree of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and these inflammatory markers in asthmatic children. We compared data of FeNO, PletM, and DLCO collected in 35 asthmatic children at admission (T0) and discharge (T1) after a period spent in a dust-mite–free environment (Misurina, Italian Dolomites, 1756 m). PletM showed a reduction from 29.48°C at T0 to 29.13°C at T1 (p = 0.17); DLCO passed from 93 to 102 (p = 0.085). FeNO mean value was 29.7 ppb at admission and 18.9 ppb at discharge (p = 0.014). Eosinophil mean count in induced sputum was 4 at T0 and 2 at T1 (p = 0.004). Spearman standardization coefficient beta was 0.414 between eosinophils and FeNO and −0.278 between eosinophils and DLCO. Pearson's correlation index between DLCO and PletM was −0.456 (p = 0.019). A negative correlation between DLCO and PletM was found. However, DLCO did not show a significant correlation with FeNO and eosinophils in the airways. Additional studies are needed to clarify the role of DLCO as a potential tool in monitoring childhood asthma.

scholarly journals A Novel Application of Ti-Substituted Polyoxometalates: Anti-Inflammatory Activity in OVA-Induced Asthma Murine Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Xiuzhu Gao ◽  
Jingmin Gu ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Yaqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Novel Approach

Objective. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Despite extensive researches into the treatment and management of it, current treatments and management strategies are still limited. The search for a novel approach to its treatments is urgently needed. Researches on the potential medical use of polyoxometalates (POMs) have already shown it has antiviral and antitumor bioactivities. But the effects of POM in immune systems are still largely unknown.Methods. In order to investigate the role of POM in the asthmatic disease, we used OVA-induced asthma murine model and observed the pathological changes between mice that received three different Ti-substituted POMs (0.3 μg per mouse per dose) when challenged with OVA. We also measured the type 2 cytokine expressions to reveal the potential mechanism.Results and Conclusions. Our results showed that two Ti-substituted POMs, K5H2[FeW11TiO40]·17H2O and K5H[H2ZnW11TiO40]·35H2O, could reduce OVA-induced lung inflammation, serum IgE level (around 2000 ng/mL to less than 1000 ng/mL), leukocytes infiltration in the lung, and cytokines levels (including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α) but Ti-centered POM K4[TiW12O40]·10H2O did not. Thus, Ti-substituted POMs may have pharmaceutical values especially in treatments for asthmatic diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical Implications of IL-32, IL-34 and IL-37 in Atherosclerosis: Speculative Role in Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Chee Law ◽  
Rajesh Puranik ◽  
Jingchun Fan ◽  
Jian Fei ◽  
Brett D. Hambly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unstable Plaque ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Plaque Phenotype ◽  
Unstable Plaques ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture

Atherosclerosis, which is a primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths around the world, is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterised by the accumulation of lipid plaques in the arterial wall, triggering inflammation that is regulated by cytokines/chemokines that mediate innate and adaptive immunity. This review focuses on IL-32, -34 and -37 in the stable vs. unstable plaques from atherosclerotic patients. Dysregulation of the novel cytokines IL-32, -34 and -37 has been discovered in atherosclerotic plaques. IL-32 and -34 are pro-atherogenic and associated with an unstable plaque phenotype; whereas IL-37 is anti-atherogenic and maintains plaque stability. It is speculated that these cytokines may contribute to the explanation for the increased occurrence of atherosclerotic plaque rupture seen in patients with COVID-19 infection. Understanding the roles of these cytokines in atherogenesis may provide future therapeutic perspectives, both in the management of unstable plaque and acute coronary syndrome, and may contribute to our understanding of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.

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