Efficacy of some Herbal Medicines in Osteoarthritis with a Focus on Topical Agents: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681
Author(s):  
Sadra Ansaripour ◽  
Morteza Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Keywords Osteoarthritis ◽  
Herbal Formulations

: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of musculoskeletal disorders that mainly affects the elderly population. Some herbal medicines have the potential to alleviate the pain associated with OA and improve physical activity mostly through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of herbal medicines, especially topical types, on osteoarthritis. : In this systematic review, the keywords “osteoarthritis”, “herbal compounds”, “herbal medicine”, “topical drug”, “hydrogels”, “cream” and “treatment” were used to search publications published from 2010 to 2019 and indexed in databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar. After screening of titles and abstracts and detection of duplicate publications, 38 eligible articles were included in the main review. We also included herbal formulations in vivo. : Bioactive fractions of herbal medicines mostly worked on OA through suppression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by inhibition of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 phosphorylation, and p65 nuclear translocation, downregulation of NF-κB targets including COX-2 and MMPs, upregulation of collagen type II, cartilage-specific proteoglycans (CSPGs), β1-integrin, and expression of cartilage-specific transcription factor SOX-9 protein. Noticeably, herbal medicines do not produce desirable effects, thereby using their combinations with other therapeutic agents seem to exert substantial clinical outcomes. : Herbal gels have demonstrated robustly significant healing effects on knee pain, stiffness and mobility. It is worth considering that because OA is a chronic disease, longer duration of the studies/trials would even lead to obtaining more reliable judgments regarding topical treatment tolerability, safety and efficacy and clarify local or systemic adverse effects. Stability and standardization of a defined amount or concentrations of herbal gels would give promising effects on OA treatment and pain relief.

Metabolomic Alterations in the Blood and Brain in Association with Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from in vivo to Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Sirawit Sriwichaiin ◽  
Nipon Chattipakorn ◽  
Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a major health problem among the elderly population. Some evidence suggests that metabolic disturbance possibly plays a role in the pathophysiology of AD. Currently, the study of metabolomics has been used to explore changes in multiple metabolites in several diseases, including AD. Thus, the metabolomics research in AD might provide some information regarding metabolic dysregulations, and their possible associated pathophysiology. This review summarizes the information discovered regarding the metabolites in the brain and the blood from the metabolomics research of AD from both animal and clinical studies. Additionally, the correlation between the changes in metabolites and outcomes, such as pathological findings in the brain and cognitive impairment are discussed. We also deliberate on the findings of cohort studies, demonstrating the alterations in metabolites before changes of cognitive function. All of these findings can be used to inform the potential identity of specific metabolites as possible biomarkers for AD.

scholarly journals The Role of Spinal Orthoses in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures of the Elderly Population (Age 60 Years or Older): Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822094803
Author(s):  
Barry Ting Sheen Kweh ◽  
Hui Qing Lee ◽  
Terence Tan ◽  
Joost Rutges ◽  
Travis Marion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Spinal Orthoses

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: Spinal orthoses have been generally used in the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in the elderly population with purported positive biomechanical and functional effects. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the literature examining the role of spinal orthoses in osteoporotic elderly patients who sustain low energy trauma vertebral fractures. Methods: A systematic literature review adherent to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. Methodical searches utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Databases was performed. Results: Of the 2019 articles initially retrieved, 7 published articles (4 randomized controlled trials and 3 prospective cohort studies) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Five studies reported improvement in quantitative measurements of spinal column stability when either a rigid or semirigid orthosis was used, while 1 study was equivocal. The studies also showed the translation of biomechanical benefit into significant functional improvement as manifested by improved postural stability and reduced body sway. Subjective improvement in pain scores and quality of life was also noted with bracing. Conclusion: The use of spinal orthoses in neurologically intact elderly patients aged 60 years and older with osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures results in improved biomechanical vertebral stability, reduced kyphotic deformity, enhanced postural stability, greater muscular strength and superior functional outcomes.

scholarly journals COVID 19 - Clinical Picture in the Elderly Population: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Neumann-Podczaska ◽  
Salwan R Al-Saad ◽  
Lukasz M Karbowski ◽  
Michal Chojnicki ◽  
Slawomir Tobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review

The Effect of Reminiscence on the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Chun Lin ◽  
Yu-Tzu Dai ◽  
Shiow-Li Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly

scholarly journals Neutrophil Elastase Induces Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Facilitates the Occurrence of Osteoarthritis via Caspase Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganyu Wang ◽  
Weiqiang Jing ◽  
Yuxuan Bi ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chondrocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common and prevalent chronic joint disorders in the elderly population across the globe, resulting in severe disability and impairment of quality of life. Existing treatment can only alleviate the symptoms and delay the progression of OA. Therefore, novel and effective therapeutics strategies for OA need to be developed. Our present study first found that neutrophil elastase (NE) was significantly increased in OA patients’ synovial fluid. Next, we examined the effect of neutrophil elastase (NE) on chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that NE suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and prevented cell migration in chondrocytes in vitro, accompanied by the elevation of intracellular ROS and calcium level. Moreover, NE enhanced the cleaved caspase-3 levels and disrupted the mitochondrial transmembrane potential balance. Meanwhile, chondrocytes apoptosis induced by NE can be alleviated by caspase inhibitor, zVAD-FMK and antioxidants, GSH. Besides, treatment of sivelestat, the inhibitor of NE, significantly reduced the pathological processes in OA model rats in vivo. The results of our study suggested that NE is an important factor in OA, which induces chondrocyte apoptosis and facilitates the occurrence of OA via caspase signaling pathway, and targeting the crucial signal centering around NE may be the potential therapies for OA.

scholarly journals Tolerability of Duloxetine in the Elderly and in Young Adults: A Protocol and Preliminary Results of a Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Roy ◽  
Chloé Rousseau ◽  
Alexis Jutel ◽  
Florian Naudet ◽  
Gabriel Robert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Individual Participant

Abstract BackgroundDuloxetine is an antidepressant that benefits from a wide range of approval in the elderly population, while its safety for use in the elderly population, compared to younger adults, is not clearly assessed. This protocol outlines a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis comparing the tolerability of duloxetine between elderly and younger adults. MethodsOnly randomised controlled clinical trials, comparing duloxetine to placebo, will be included in this meta-analysis. The studies will be selected if participants were adults of less and more than 65 years old, in conditions of use of duloxetine approved by the European Medical Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The primary outcome will be the rate ratio of serious adverse events under duloxetine compared to placebo, between participants at least 65 years old and younger adults. Second, the number of any adverse events, clinical efficacy and quality of life will be compared between elderly and younger adults under both interventions. The quality of evidence in the tolerability of duloxetine will be assessed using the GRADE system. A two-step random effect meta-analysis will be conducted. Preliminary searches and formal screening of search results against eligibility criteria on have been completed using predefined search term on electronic databases. DiscussionThis study represents the first meta-analysis investigating the safety of duloxetine in the elderly population across all conditions approved by European and American regulatory authorities. The results from this meta-analysis are intended to help prescribers to provide better care for the elderly population.Systematic review registrationThe protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42019130488).

scholarly journals Tau activates microglia via the PQBP1-cGAS-STING pathway to promote brain inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Jin ◽  
Hiroki Shiwaku ◽  
Hikari Tanaka ◽  
Takayuki Obita ◽  
Sakurako Ohuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Intracellular Receptor ◽  
Disease Protein ◽  
Sting Pathway

AbstractBrain inflammation generally accompanies and accelerates neurodegeneration. Here we report a microglial mechanism in which polyglutamine binding protein 1 (PQBP1) senses extrinsic tau 3R/4R proteins by direct interaction and triggers an innate immune response by activating a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Tamoxifen-inducible and microglia-specific depletion of PQBP1 in primary culture in vitro and mouse brain in vivo shows that PQBP1 is essential for sensing-tau to induce nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB), NFκB-dependent transcription of inflammation genes, brain inflammation in vivo, and eventually mouse cognitive impairment. Collectively, PQBP1 is an intracellular receptor in the cGAS-STING pathway not only for cDNA of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but also for the transmissible neurodegenerative disease protein tau. This study characterises a mechanism of brain inflammation that is common to virus infection and neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Cognitive and balance dysfunctions due to the use of zolpidem in the elderly: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Guilherme Tavares ◽  
Gizela Kelmann ◽  
Francisco Tustumi ◽  
Catherine Nardini Tundisi ◽  
Bárbara Regina Bruço Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT. Zolpidem is one of the most widely prescribed hypnotic (non-benzodiazepine) agents for sleep disorder. Recently, an increase in the demand for this drug has been observed, mainly in the elderly population. Objective: This study aims to analyze the acute effect of zolpidem on cognitive and balance dysfunctions in the elderly population. Methods: A study was conducted by two independent researchers in four virtual scientific information bases and included randomized controlled trials. The studies evaluated elderly patients using zolpidem. Cognitive and balance dysfunctions were analyzed. Results: Six articles were included. The mean age of the participants in the studies was 69 years. The following zolpidem dosages were evaluated: 5, 6.25, 10, and 12.5 mg. Comparing zolpidem and placebo, relating to the cognitive dysfunctions, there is no statistically significant difference between the groups. However, in relation to balance dysfunctions, there is a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the comparison, favoring placebo. Conclusions: Zolpidem, even in usual doses (5 mg and 10 mg), has shown to increase the risk for balance dysfunctions. However, this does not occur in relation to cognitive changes.

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