Catalytic Applications of Saccharin and its Derivatives in Organic Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (28) ◽  
pp. 3191-3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bubun Banerjee ◽  
Vaishali Bhardwaj ◽  
Amninder Kaur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Arvind Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Catalytic Applications

: Saccharin (1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-dioxide) is a very mild, cheap, commercially available, water soluble, environmentally benign and edible Brønsted acidic substance. Recently, with other utilities, saccharin and its derivatives were employed as catalysts for various organic transformations. In this review, catalytic applicability of saccharin and its derivatives under various reaction conditions is summarized.

Anodic Oxidation as an Enabling Tool for the Synthesis of Natural Products

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (19) ◽  
pp. 2781-2794
Author(s):  
Till Opatz ◽  
Leander Geske ◽  
Eisuke Sato
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Natural Product Synthesis ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Chemical Oxidants

Electrochemistry provides a valuable toolbox for organic synthesis and offers an appealing, environmentally benign alternative to the use of stoichiometric quantities of chemical oxidants or reductants. Its potential to control current efficiency along with providing alternative reaction conditions in a classical sense makes electrochemistry a suitable method for large-scale industrial transformations as well as for laboratory applications in the synthesis of complex molecular architectures. Even though research in this field has intensified over the recent decades, many synthetic chemists still hesitate to add electroorganic reactions to their standard repertoire, and hence, the full potential of preparative organic electrochemistry has not yet been unleashed. This short review highlights the versatility of anodic transformations by summarizing their application in natural product synthesis.1 Introduction2 Shono-Type Oxidation3 C–N/N–N Bond Formation4 Aryl–Alkene/Aryl–Aryl Coupling5 Cycloadditions Triggered by Oxidation of Electron-Rich Arenes6 Spirocycles7 Miscellaneous Transformations8 Future Prospects

scholarly journals MgO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and applications as a catalyst for organic transformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-108
Author(s):  
Harshal Dabhane ◽  
Suresh Ghotekar ◽  
Pawan Tambade ◽  
Shreyas Pansambal ◽  
Rajeshwari Oza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Product Separation ◽  
Shape Selective ◽  
Catalytic Applications

Currently, the size and shape selective synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) and their varied catalytic applications are gaining significant enthusiasm in the field of nanochemistry. Homogeneous catalysis is crucial due to its inherent benefits like high selectivity and mild reaction conditions. Nevertheless, it endures with serious disadvantages of catalysts and/or product separation/recycles compared to their heterogeneous counterparts restricting their catalytic applications. The utilization of catalysts in the form of nano-size is an elective methodology for the combination of merits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs are important as they find applications for catalysis, organic transformation, and synthesis of fine chemicals and organic intermediates. The applications of MgO NPs in diverse organic transformations including oxidation, reduction, epoxidation, condensation, and C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S bond formation in a variety of notable heterocyclic reactions are also discussed. The use of MgO NPs in organic transformation is advantageous as it mitigates the use of ligands; the procurable separation of catalyst for recyclability makes the protocol heterogeneous and monetary. MgO NPs gave efficacious catalytic performance towards the desired products due to high surface area. By considering these efficient merits, scientists have focused their attentions towards stupendous applications of MgO NPs in selective organic transformation. In the current review article, we summarized the synthesis of MgO NPs and numerous characterization techniques, whereas the application section illustrates their utility as a catalyst in several organic transformations. We believe this decisive appraisal will provide imperative details to further advance the application of MgO NPs in selective catalysis.

Lemon Peel Powder: A Natural Catalyst for Multicomponent Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Ganesh D. Jadhav ◽  
Taufique Ahmed P. Mujawar ◽  
Sunil U. Tekale ◽  
Rajendra P. Pawar ◽  
Yogesh W. More
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Multicomponent Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
High Yields

Background: Lemon peel powder was used as a natural catalyst for the synthesis of biscoumarins and 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivatives. The catalyst is natural, biodegradable, environmentally benign and thus contributes a valuable addition to the existing sustainable methods for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. Objective: Development of Green synthesis and use of Natural catalyst. Methods: Lemon peel powder was used as a natural, biodegradable, environmentally benign heterogenous catalyst for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. Results: Natural lemon peel powder was successfully used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of coumarin based heterocyclic compounds. Conclusion: In conclusion, an environmentally benign, green and one-pot multicomponent protocol has been developed for the synthesis of biscoumarins and 3,4-dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivatives using lemon peel powder as a natural and biodegradable catalyst. Lemon peel being natural, the present approach is sustainable and will highlight the emerging applications of natural resources for synthetic organic transformations. This protocol offers several advantages such as high yields, clean reaction conditions, and no pollution threat to the environment making it a useful and attractive process for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives.

Ultrasound-Promoted Organic Synthesis – A Recent Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Brahmachari ◽  
Nayana Nayek ◽  
Mullicka Mandal ◽  
Anindita Bhowmick ◽  
Indrajit Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Reducing Energy

: Ultrasonication, nowadays, is well-regarded as an effective green tool in implementing a plethora of organic transformations. The last decade has seen quite useful applications of ultrasound irradiation in synthetic organic chemistry. Ultrasound has already come out as a unique technique in green chemistry practice, for its inherent properties of minimizing wastes and reducing energy and time, thereby increasing the product yields with higher purities under milder reaction conditions. The present review summarizes ultrasound-promoted useful organic transformations involving both carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N, O, S) bond-forming reactions in the absence or presence of varying catalytic systems, reported during the period 2016-2020.

Application of Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváč ◽  
Kristýna Bürglová
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Phase Chemistry ◽  
Alkali Salts ◽  
Solid Phase Chemistry

Trimethylsilanolate alkali salts are widely used in organic synthesis, mainly due to their solubility in common organic solvents. They are frequently used as nucleophiles in ester hydrolysis, both in solution and solid-phase chemistry. However, they have also been used as mild bases or as specific reagents in some chemical transformations. Reactions employing trimethylsilanolate alkali salts as the key component are typically performed under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the utilization of trimethylsilanolate alkali salts in various organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Properties of Alkali Metal Trimethylsilanolates (TMSO[M])3 Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis4 Conclusion

Organocatalytic Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Brief Overview Covering Recent Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Sarkar ◽  
Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Heterocycle Synthesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Atom Bond

Abstract:: The use of small organic molecules as organocatalysts in organic synthesis has intensely studied over the past decade. In this emerging field, considerable study has led to the introduction of various efficient organocatalyzed synthetic methods of carbon-carbon and carbon-hetero atom bond formations. The use of these organocatalysts also emerged environmentally benign reaction conditions compared to the metal catalyzed transformations. In this review, we make a special attention on the most recent organocatalytic protocols reported for the synthesis of heterocycles. The works have been outlined by depending on the organocatalysts used as (i) nitrogen based molecules as organocatalyst, (ii) NHCs as organocatalyst, and (iii) phosphorus based molecules as organocatalyst. The discussion intends to reveal the scope as well as vitality of organocatalysis in the area of heterocycle synthesis.

Taurine: A Water Friendly Organocatalyst in Organic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Agarwal ◽  
Priyanka Kalal ◽  
Ayushi Sethiya ◽  
Jay Soni
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Complex Molecules

: Organocatalysis has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis for the formation of C-C and C-X (N, S, O, etc.) bonds, leading to the formation of complex molecules from easily available starting materials. It provides an alternative platform to the conventional synthesis and fulfills the principles of green chemistry. During the last decades, taurine has emerged as a promising organocatalyst in an array of organic transformations in addition to its plentiful biological properties. It is highly stable, easy to store and separate, water-soluble, of low cost, easily available, and recyclable. The present article highlights the recent and up-to-date applications of taurine in organic transformations.

Urea-Catalyzed Functionalization of Unactivated C–H Bonds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex L. Bagdasarian ◽  
Stasik Popov ◽  
Benjamin Wigman ◽  
Wenjing Wei ◽  
woojin lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Lewis Acid Catalysts ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Acidic Nature

Herein we report the 3,5bistrifluoromethylphenyl urea-catalyzed functionalization of unactivated C–H bonds. In this system, the urea catalyst mediates the formation of high-energy vinyl carbocations that undergo facile C–H insertion and Friedel–Crafts reactions. We introduce a new paradigm for these privileged scaffolds where the combination of hydrogen bonding motifs and strong bases affords highly active Lewis acid catalysts capable of ionizing strong C–O bonds. Despite the highly Lewis acidic nature of these catalysts that enables triflate abstraction from sp<sup>2</sup> carbons, these newly found reaction conditions allow for the formation of heterocycles and tolerate highly Lewis basic heteroaromatic substrates. This strategy showcases the potential utility of dicoordinated vinyl carbocations in organic synthesis.<br>

Urea-Catalyzed Functionalization of Unactivated C–H Bonds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex L. Bagdasarian ◽  
Stasik Popov ◽  
Benjamin Wigman ◽  
Wenjing Wei ◽  
woojin lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Lewis Acid Catalysts ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Acidic Nature

Herein we report the 3,5bistrifluoromethylphenyl urea-catalyzed functionalization of unactivated C–H bonds. In this system, the urea catalyst mediates the formation of high-energy vinyl carbocations that undergo facile C–H insertion and Friedel–Crafts reactions. We introduce a new paradigm for these privileged scaffolds where the combination of hydrogen bonding motifs and strong bases affords highly active Lewis acid catalysts capable of ionizing strong C–O bonds. Despite the highly Lewis acidic nature of these catalysts that enables triflate abstraction from sp<sup>2</sup> carbons, these newly found reaction conditions allow for the formation of heterocycles and tolerate highly Lewis basic heteroaromatic substrates. This strategy showcases the potential utility of dicoordinated vinyl carbocations in organic synthesis.<br>

Naturally Occurring Organic Acid-catalyzed Facile Diastereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Active (E)-3-(arylimino)indolin-2-one Derivatives in Water at Room Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 1778-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Arvind Singh ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Mamta Devi ◽  
Anjana Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Diastereoselective Synthesis ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Column Chromatographic

A simple, straightforward and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-3-(arylimino)indolin-2-one derivatives and (E)-2-((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)- acenaphthylen-1(2H)-one. The synthesis of these biologically-significant scaffolds was achieved from the reactions of various substituted anilines and isatins or acenaphthaquinone, respectively, using commercially available, environmentally benign and naturally occurring organic acids such as mandelic acid or itaconic acid as catalyst in aqueous medium at room temperature. Mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, good to excellent yields, environmentally benign conditions, easy isolation of products, no need of column chromatographic separation and the reusability of reaction media are some of the significant features of the present protocol.

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