Dendrimer applications: a brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Daniel Pedro-Hernández ◽  
Marcos Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Laser Emission ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Controlled Structure ◽  
Dendritic Branches ◽  
Metallic Species

: Dendrimers are highly branched three-dimensional macromolecules with a highly controlled structure, a single molecular weight, numerous controllable dendritic branches and peripheral functionalities, as well as the tendency to adopt an ellipsoid or spheroid shape once a certain size is reached. These features have made them attractive for application in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry in gene transfection, as medical imaging agents, and as drug carriers in potential drug delivery agents. The incorporation of metallic species into dendritic molecules has also been reported; the focus has been on organometallic dendrimers with metallic species only at specific positions of the molecules, such as the core, dendritic branches and the periphery, studied for their magnetic, electronic, and photo-optical or catalytic properties. Dendrimers have been investigated for optoelectronic applications (adsorption, emission, laser emission, nonlinear optics) through the encapsulation of active units by dendritic branches, core and peripheral. This review briefly discusses their use in nanomedicine, cancer treatment, treatment of other diseases, tissue repair, catalysis and applications in OLEDs and solar cells.

scholarly journals Cell-free Exosome-laden Scaffolds for Tissue Repair

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Huang ◽  
Jianyi Xiong ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Shuqing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
The Core ◽  
Organ Level

With the development of regenerative medicine, tissue repair at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level has seen continuous improvements over traditional techniques. As the core of tissue repair, seed...

Regulation of gene transfection by cell size, shape and elongation on micropatterned surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Wang ◽  
Yingjun Yang ◽  
Toru Yoshitomi ◽  
Naoki Kawazoe ◽  
Yingnan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Potential Applications

Gene transfection has been widely studied due to its potential applications in tissue repair and gene therapy. Many studies have focused on designing gene carriers and developing novel transfection techniques....

The three-dimensional structure of interleukin-1β

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN P. PRIESTLE ◽  
HANS-PETER SCHÄR ◽  
MARKUS G. GRÜTTER
Keyword(s):  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
R Factor ◽  
The Core ◽  
Internal Sequence ◽  
Network Of Hydrogen Bonds

Summary The three-dimensional structure of human recombinant interleukin-1β has been determined at 0.24 nm resolution by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The partially refined model has a crystallographic R-factor of just under 19%. The structure is composed of 12 β-strands forming a complex network of hydrogen bonds. The core of the structure can best be described as a tetrahedron whose edges are each formed by two antiparallel β-strands. The interior of this structure is filled with hydrophobic side-chains. There is a 3-fold repeat in the folding of the polypeptide chain. Although this folding pattern suggests gene triplication, no significant internal sequence homology between topologically corresponding residues exists. The folding topology of interleukin-1β is very similar to that described by A. D. McLachlan [(1979) J. Mol. Biol. 133, 557–563] for soybean trypsin inhibitor.

Performance of Core Exit Thermocouple for PWR Accident Management Action in Vessel Top Break LOCA Simulation Experiment at OECD/NEA ROSA Project

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Takeshi Takeda ◽  
Hideo Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
The Core ◽  
Accident Management

Presented are experiment results of the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) conducted at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) with a focus on core exit thermocouple (CET) performance to detect core overheat during a vessel top break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) simulation experiment. The CET temperatures are used to start accident management (AM) action to quickly depressurize steam generator (SG) secondary sides in case of core temperature excursion. Test 6-1 is the first test of the OECD/NEA ROSA Project started in 2005, simulating withdraw of a control rod drive mechanism penetration nozzle at the vessel top head. The break size is equivalent to 1.9% cold leg break. The AM action was initiated when CET temperature rose up to 623K. There was no reflux water fallback onto the CETs during the core heat-up period. The core overheat, however, was detected with a time delay of about 230s. In addition, a large temperature discrepancy was observed between the CETs and the hottest core region. This paper clarifies the reasons of time delay and temperature discrepancy between the CETs and heated core during boil-off including three-dimensional steam flows in the core and core exit. The paper discusses applicability of the LSTF CET performance to pressurized water reactor (PWR) conditions and a possibility of alternative indicators for earlier AM action than in Test 6-1 is studied by using symptom-based plant parameters such as a reactor vessel water level detection.

scholarly journals Supercritical carbon dioxide design strategies: from drug carriers to soft killers

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2057) ◽  
pp. 20150009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Aguiar-Ricardo ◽  
Vasco D. B. Bonifácio ◽  
Teresa Casimiro ◽  
Vanessa G. Correia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Simple Economic ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The integrated use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) and micro- and nanotechnologies has enabled new sustainable strategies for the manufacturing of new medications. ‘Green’ scCO 2 -based methodologies are well suited to improve either the synthesis or materials processing leading to the assembly of three-dimensional multifunctional constructs. By using scCO 2 either as C1 feedstock or as solvent, simple, economic, efficient and clean routes can be designed to synthesize materials with unique properties such as polyurea dendrimers and oxazoline-based polymers/oligomers. These new biocompatible, biodegradable and water-soluble polymeric materials can be engineered into multifunctional constructs with antimicrobial activity, targeting moieties, labelling units and/or efficiently loaded with therapeutics. This mini-review highlights the particular features exhibited by these materials resulting directly from the followed supercritical routes.

Monte Carlo studies on electromagnetic cascades in extensive air showers

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S189-S196 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Thielheim ◽  
E. K. Schlegel ◽  
R. Beiersdorf
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fragmentation Mechanisms ◽  
Monte Carlo Studies

Three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculations have been performed on the trajectories of high-energy hadrons in extensive air showers. The central electron density and gradient of distribution are obtained for individual electromagnetic cascades together with coordinates at the level of observation. Various assumptions concerning primary mass number and energy, distributions of strong interaction parameters, and fragmentation mechanisms are discussed with respect to the production of steep maxima of electron density by single electromagnetic cascades in the core region of extensive air showers.

CFD Investigation of Thermal-Hydraulic Behaviors in Full Reactor Core for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Dalin Zhang ◽  
Suizheng Qiu ◽  
Kui Zhang ◽  
Mingjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
The Core ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Heat Removal System ◽  
China Experimental Fast Reactor ◽  
Full Core

As the first developmental step of the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) in China, the pool-type China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) is equipped with the openings and inter-wrapper space in the core, which act as an important part of the decay heat removal system. The accurate prediction of coolant flow in the reactor core calls for complete three-dimensional calculations. In the present study, an investigation of thermal-hydraulic behaviors in a 180° full core model similar to that of CEFR was carried out using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The actual geometries of the peripheral core baffle, fluid channels and narrow inter-wrapper gap were built up, and numerous subassemblies (SAs) were modeled as the porous medium with appropriate resistance and radial power distribution. First, the three-dimensional flow and temperature distributions in the full core under normal operating condition are obtained and quantitatively analyzed. And then the effect of inter-wrapper flow (IWF) on heat transfer performance is evaluated. In addition, the detailed flow path and direction in local inter-wrapper space including the internal and outlet regions are captured. This work can provide some valuable understanding of the core thermal-hydraulic phenomena for the research and design of SFRs.

scholarly journals Synthesis and structural characterization of hexa-μ2-chlorido-μ4-oxido-tetrakis{[4-(phenylethynyl)pyridine-κN]copper(II)} dichloromethane monosolvate

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Rayya A. Al Balushi ◽  
Muhammad S. Khan ◽  
Md. Serajul Haque Faizi ◽  
Ashanul Haque ◽  
Kieran Molloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hirshfeld Surface ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Packing Arrangement

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu4Cl6O(C13H9N)4]·CH2Cl2, the core molecular structure consists of a Cu4 tetrahedron with a central interstitial O atom. Each edge of the Cu4 tetrahedron is bridged by a chlorido ligand. Each copper(II) cation is coordinated to the central O atom, two chlorido ligands and one N atom of the 4-phenylethynylpyridine ligand. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H...Cl interactions. Furthermore, C—H...π and π–π interactions also connect the molecules, forming a three-dimensional network. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions for the packing arrangement are from H...H and C...H/H...C interactions.

scholarly journals ARBTools: A Tricubic Spline Interpolator for Three-Dimensional Scalar or Vector Fields

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Walker ◽  
Ulrich Krohn ◽  
Carty David
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Vector Field ◽  
Vector Fields ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spline Method ◽  
Particle Trajectories ◽  
The Core ◽  
Numerical Integrators ◽  
Data Points ◽  
System Requirements

ARBTools is a Python library containing a Lekien-Marsden type tricubic spline method for interpolating three-dimensional scalar or vector fields presented as a set of discrete data points on a regular cuboid grid. ARBTools was developed for simulations of magnetic molecular traps, in which the magnitude, gradient and vector components of a magnetic field are required. Numerical integrators for solving particle trajectories are included, but the core interpolator can be used for any scalar or vector field. The only additional system requirements are NumPy.

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