Amruthapala (Decalepis arayalpathra (J. Joseph and V. Chandras.) Venter): A Comprehensive Review on Diversity, Therapeutic Uses, and Valorization of Bioactive Constituents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Mishra ◽  
Nupur Srivastava ◽  
Velusamy Sundaresan ◽  
Karuna Shanker
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Decalepis Arayalpathra

Background: Decalepis arayalpathra (J. Joseph and V. Chandras.) Venter is used primarily for nutrition besides its therapeutic values. Traditional preparations/formulations from its tuber are used as a vitalizer and blood purifier drink. The folklore medicinal uses cover inflammation, cough, wound healing, antipyretic, and digestive system management. A comprehensive review of the current understanding of the plant is required due to emerging concerns over its safety and efficacy. Objective: The systematic collection of the authentic information from different sources with the critical discussion is summarised in order to address various issues related to botanical identity, therapeutic medicine, nutritional usage, phytochemical, and pharmacological potentials of the D. arayalpathra. Current use of traditional systems of medicine can be used to expand future research opportunities. Materials and Methods: Available scripted information was collected manually, from peered review research papers and international databases viz. Science Direct, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus, etc. The unpublished resources which were not available in database were collected through the classical books of ‘Ayurveda’ and ‘Siddha’ published in regional languages. The information from books, Ph.D. and MSc dissertations, conference papers and government reports were also collected. We thoroughly screened the scripted information of classical books, titles, abstracts, reports, and full-texts of the journals to establish the reliability of the content. Results: Tuber bearing vanilla like signature flavor is due to the presence of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB). Among five other species, Decalepis arayalpathra (DA) has come under the ‘critically endangered’ category, due to over-exploitation for traditional, therapeutic and cool drink use. The experimental studies proved that it possesses gastro-protective, anti-tumor, and antiinflammatory activities. Some efforts were also made to develop better therapeutics by logical modifications in 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, which is a major secondary metabolite of D. arayalpathra. ‘Amruthapala’ offers the enormous opportunity to develop herbal drink with health benefits like gastro-protective, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Results: The plant has the potential to generate the investigational new lead (IND) based on its major secondary metabolite i.e. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde. The present mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on Decalepis arayalpathra, covering its phytochemical diversity, biological potentials, strategies for its conservation, and intellectual property rights (IPR) status. Chemical Compounds: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 69600), α-amyrin acetate (Pubchem CID: 293754), Magnificol (Pubchem CID: 44575983), β-sitosterol (Pubchem CID: 222284), 3-hydroxy-p-anisaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 12127), Naringenin (Pubchem CID: 932), Kaempferol (Pubchem CID: 5280863), Aromadendrin (Pubchem CID: 122850), 3-methoxy-1,2-cyclopentanedione (Pubchem CID: 61209), p-anisaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 31244), Menthyl acetate (Pubchem CID: 27867), Benzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 240), p-cymene (Pubchem CID: 7463), Salicylaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 6998), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (Pubchem CID: 6430754), α -amyrin (Pubchem CID: 225688), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 12127).

How and Why Do Criminal Justice Public Policies Spread Throughout U.S. States? A Critical Review of the Diffusion Literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Bergin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Media Attention

Why do some criminal justice public policies spread rapidly throughout U.S. states, and other policies never take hold? To answer this question, this article presents the first review specifically of studies that have examined the diffusion of criminal justice policies throughout U.S. states. After a comprehensive review of key research databases, 23 studies are identified. The key findings of these studies are analyzed in great depth, with particular reference to cross-study differences in how three variables from the general policy literature—geographic proximity, political ideology, and media attention—were operationalized. The article identifies important gaps in current knowledge about the factors that affect the diffusion of criminal justice policies and suggests several directions for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) as an Emerging Source for Value-Added Functional Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4078 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe ◽  
Amy Davis ◽  
Shanthanu K. Kumar ◽  
Beth Murray ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., Cannabaceae) is an ancient cultivated plant originating from Central Asia and historically has been a multi-use crop valued for its fiber, food, and medicinal uses. Various oriental and Asian cultures kept records of its production and numerous uses. Due to the similarities between industrial hemp (fiber and grain) and the narcotic/medical type of Cannabis, the production of industrial hemp was prohibited in most countries, wiping out centuries of learning and genetic resources. In the past two decades, most countries have legalized industrial hemp production, prompting a significant amount of research on the health benefits of hemp and hemp products. Current research is yet to verify the various health claims of the numerous commercially available hemp products. Hence, this review aims to compile recent advances in the science of industrial hemp, with respect to its use as value-added functional food ingredients/nutraceuticals and health benefits, while also highlighting gaps in our current knowledge and avenues of future research on this high-value multi-use plant for the global food chain.

scholarly journals Tropospheric aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Peng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Lanxiadi Chen ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
State Chemical ◽  
Aerosol Hygroscopicity

Abstract. Hygroscopicity largely determines phase state, chemical reactivity, optical properties and cloud nucleation activities of aerosol particles, thus significantly affecting their impacts on visibility, atmospheric chemistry and climate. In the last twenty years a large number of field studies have investigated hygroscopicity of tropospheric aerosols in China under sub- and super-saturated conditions. Aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China are reviewed in this paper: 1) a comprehensive summary and critical discussion of aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China is provided; 2) available measurement data are compiled and presented under a consistent framework to enhance their accessibility and usability; 3) current knowledge gaps are identified, and an outlook which could serve as guidelines for planning future research is also proposed.

scholarly journals Tropospheric aerosol hygroscopicity in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 13877-13903
Author(s):  
Chao Peng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Lanxiadi Chen ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
State Chemical ◽  
Aerosol Hygroscopicity

Abstract. Hygroscopicity largely determines phase state, chemical reactivity, optical properties, and cloud nucleation activities of aerosol particles, thus significantly affecting their impacts on visibility, atmospheric chemistry, and climate. In the last 20 years, a large number of field studies have investigated the hygroscopicity of tropospheric aerosols in China under subsaturated and supersaturated conditions. Aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China are reviewed in this paper: (1) a comprehensive summary and critical discussion of aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China are provided; (2) available measurement data are compiled and presented under a consistent framework to enhance their accessibility and usability; and (3) current knowledge gaps are identified, and an outlook which could serve as guidelines for planning future research is also proposed.

scholarly journals Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Xi-jun Wang ◽  
Jun-ling Ren ◽  
Aihua Zhang ◽  
Ling Kong ◽  
Xi-jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Quality Markers ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Cortex Phellodendri

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis (CPC), a traditional Chinese medicine known as “HuangBai” in China, are being widely employed as its health benefits. CPC has the function of clearing heat and expelling dampness, purging fire and removing toxin, detumescencing and removing necrotic tissue, which have the treatment for a variety of diseases. Aim of The Study: The present review is intended to summarize the current researches on the phytochemistry, pharmacological significances and medicinal uses of CPC, hoping to provide reference and scientific basis for the research of bioactive ingredients, quality markers of CPC, as well as further development and utilization in treatment of human diseases with CPC. Materials and Methods: Extensive search of various documents and electronic databases such as Pubmed, Royal Society of Chemistry, Science Direct, Springer, Web of Science, and Wiley, etc., were done to obtain data. Other online academic libraries, e.g. Google Scholars, Scopus and national pharmacology literature were also been employed to learn more information about CPC. Additional information was derived from herbal classic books, Chinese pharmacopoeia, Postgraduate theses, China national knowledge internet, etc. Results: The comprehensive analysis of the electronic database and literatures demonstrated that CPC is a valuable herbal medicine with multiple pharmacological effects. Phytochemical and pharmacological analysis indicated alkaloids are the major bioactive ingredients in CPC. However, there are no reports on the research of quality markers of CPC, which means in a short time, there will emerge many studies to fill this gap. Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicines theory, CPC is usually combined with other traditional Chinese medicines into prescriptions for various clinical use. Conclusions: This review summarized the results from current researches about the basic characteristics of CPC, such as bioactive constituents, pharmacological effect and mechanism of action, which are still being studied and explored in order to realize the optimal medical practice. Meanwhile, it points out the existed problems of the current researches of CPC and puts forward some suggestions for the future research of CPC.

scholarly journals Sauropus androgynus(L.) Merr. Induced Bronchiolitis Obliterans: From Botanical Studies to Toxicology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidun Bunawan ◽  
Siti Noraini Bunawan ◽  
Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽  
Normah Mohd. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Excessive Consumption

Sauropus androgynusL. Merr. is one of the most popular herbs in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China where it was known as a slimming agent until two outbreaks of pulmonary dysfunction were reported in Taiwan and Japan in 1995 and 2005, respectively. Several studies described that the excessive consumption ofSauropus androgynuscould cause drowsiness, constipation, and bronchiolitis obliterans and may lead to respiratory failure. Interestingly, this herb has been used in Malaysia and Indonesia in cooking and is commonly called the “multigreen” or “multivitamin” plant due to its high nutritive value and inexpensive source of dietary protein. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine for wound healing, inducing lactation, relief of urinary disorders, as an antidiabetic cure and also fever reduction. Besides these medicinal uses, the plant can also be used as colouring agent in food. This review will explore and compile the fragmented knowledge available on the botany, ethnobotany, chemical constitutes, pharmacological properties, and toxicological aspects of this plant. This comprehensive review will give readers the fundamental, comprehensive, and current knowledge regardingSauropus androgynusL. Merr.

scholarly journals The Fruit Malus prunifolia (Malus micromalus Mak.): A Minireview of Current Knowledge of Fruit Composition and Health Benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ji ◽  
Chunyan Hou ◽  
Xudan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Malus Prunifolia ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The fruit Malus prunifolia (Malus micromalus Mak.), which belongs to the Rosaceae family, grows mostly in the upper-middle reaches of the Yellow River area. It has long been popular as a fruit commodity and as a natural remedy. Its main biologically active components include vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and triterpenic acids. Recent phytochemical studies on the fruit have shed some light on its biological activities, such as anticancer, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, immunostimulating, hepatoprotective, and gastrointestinal protective activities. A stronger focus on clinical studies and phytochemical characterization of the fruit will be essential for future research efforts. This minireview could be useful for predicting its other medicinal uses and its potential drug or food interactions, and it could be beneficial for people living in areas where the fruit is endemic and where healthcare resources are scarce.

scholarly journals Universal strategies for the improvement of expressive language skills in the primary classroom: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 014272372198947
Author(s):  
Keeley L. Dobinson ◽  
Julie E. Dockrell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Meta Analyses

Oral language skills underpin children’s educational success and enhance positive life outcomes. Yet, significant numbers of children struggle to develop competence in speaking and listening, especially those from areas of high economic deprivation. A tiered intervention model, graduating the level of provision in line with levels of need, has been posited as most appropriate for supporting children’s language development. The first tier, or universal provision, is characterised by high-quality, evidence-informed language teaching for all. To date, our understanding of effective universal language delivery remains limited, particularly in the primary-school age range. This systematic review addresses this gap by identifying and evaluating existing evidence with the aim of informing practice and future research. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic search protocol was used to identify experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating universal approaches designed to support children’s oracy skills. Thirty-one studies were identified for inclusion and their characteristics and findings are reported and their reliability evaluated. Studies provide indicative evidence for the effectiveness of interactive book reading, structured vocabulary programmes, manualised curricula and approaches involving speech and language therapists. The strengths and weaknesses of our current knowledge are outlined and implications for practice and research are discussed.

scholarly journals Cellular Senescence in the Kidney

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Helena Docherty ◽  
Eoin D. O’Sullivan ◽  
Joseph V. Bonventre ◽  
David A. Ferenbach
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cell Manipulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transplant Failure ◽  
Secretory Phenotype

Senescent cells have undergone permanent growth arrest, adopt an altered secretory phenotype, and accumulate in the kidney and other organs with ageing and injury. Senescence has diverse physiologic roles and experimental studies support its importance in nephrogenesis, successful tissue repair, and in opposing malignant transformation. However, recent murine studies have shown that depletion of chronically senescent cells extends healthy lifespan and delays age-associated disease—implicating senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype as drivers of organ dysfunction. Great interest is therefore focused on the manipulation of senescence as a novel therapeutic target in kidney disease. In this review, we examine current knowledge and areas of ongoing uncertainty regarding senescence in the human kidney and experimental models. We summarize evidence supporting the role of senescence in normal kidney development and homeostasis but also senescence-induced maladaptive repair, renal fibrosis, and transplant failure. Recent studies using senescent cell manipulation and depletion as novel therapies to treat renal disease are discussed, and we explore unanswered questions for future research.

RECLAMATION AND CULVERT CROSSINGS MADE OF CORRUGATED PIPES ON SPAWNING STREAMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
O.N. CHERNYKH ◽  
◽  
A.V. RBURLACHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Spiral Shape ◽  
Corrugated Metal ◽  
Spawning Streams

Recommendations are presented for solving issues that arise in the design and operation of tubular transport crossings of corrugated metal structures through spawning streams while ensuring the safety and natural reproduction of fish stocks. There are discussed the results of experimental studies of culverts made of metal corrugated pipes with a normal and spiral shape of corrugation the bottom of which is buried and filled with suitable granular material to the level of the natural channel of a small watercourse. It is established that when 10% of the area of the corrugated pipe is occupied by stone filling, its throughput is reduced by about 10-12%. Based on the review of the existing literature and the results of laboratory experiments, data is provided to estimate the values of the roughness coefficients of the composite cross-section of a single-point junction and directions for future research on culvert reclamation are outlined. Studying of the structure of the velocity distribution in culverts can lead to the improved conditions for fish passage without installing special structural elements in the transit path of the fish passage structure.

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