Impact of ErbB receptors and anticancer drugs against breast cancer: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Sahu ◽  
Saurabh Verma ◽  
Meena Varma ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Erbb Receptors ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Surface Receptor

: Human EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) family of tyrosine kinase receptors consists of four members, ErbB1-4. Abnormalities in the ErbB family characterize a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer. Tyrosine kinase is recruited by the activated EGFR cell surface receptor, which transmits signals from the receptor to interact with intracellular signaling pathways and regulates cellular functions and biological processes. Targeting the intracellular signaling pathways has been aided in the drug development that was already in use and more continually being developed. This review article highlights the function of ErbB receptors/ligands, their role in signaling pathways, effective targeted drugs, and a combination of targeted drug strategies in breast cancer treatment that could lead to the novel combination of anticancer drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Rab 25: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressive of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03050
Author(s):  
Flora Chen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Types

Rab 25 is a small GTPase belonging to the RAS (rat sarcoma) superfamily. It is expressed in epithelial cells only and serves as a regulator of various intracellular signaling pathways. As a key player in in cell regulation, Rab 25 has been shown by research to function mainly as an oncogene in various cancers including breast cancer and ovarian cancer. However, Rab 25 has also been reported to be a tumor suppressor in cancer types such as colorectal cancer. A lot of research has been done about Rab 25 in recent years. This review is an overview of Rab 25, focusing on their role in human diseases such as cancer.

scholarly journals Regulation of RhoB Gene Expression during Tumorigenesis and Aging Process and Its Potential Applications in These Processes

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eutiquio Gutierrez ◽  
Ian Cahatol ◽  
Cedric Bailey ◽  
Audrey Lafargue ◽  
Naming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

RhoB, a member of the Ras homolog gene family and GTPase, regulates intracellular signaling pathways by interfacing with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt to modulate responses in cellular structure and function. Notably, the EGFR, Ras, and PI3K/Akt pathways can lead to downregulation of RhoB, while simultaneously being associated with an increased propensity for tumorigenesis. Functionally, RhoB, part of the Rho GTPase family, regulates intracellular signaling pathways by interfacing with EGFR, RAS, and PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and MYC pathways to modulate responses in cellular structure and function. Notably, the EGFR, Ras, and PI3K/Akt pathways can lead to downregulation of RhoB, while simultaneously being associated with an increased propensity for tumorigenesis. RHOB expression has a complex regulatory backdrop consisting of multiple histone deacetyltransferase (HDACs 1 and 6) and microRNA (miR-19a, -21, and -223)-mediated mechanisms of modifying expression. The interwoven nature of RhoB’s regulatory impact and cellular roles in regulating intracellular vesicle trafficking, cell motion, and the cell cycle lays the foundation for analyzing the link between loss of RhoB and tumorigenesis within the context of age-related decline in RhoB. RhoB appears to play a tissue-specific role in tumorigenesis, as such, uncovering and appreciating the potential for restoration of RHOB expression as a mechanism for cancer prevention or therapeutics serves as a practical application. An in-depth assessment of RhoB will serve as a springboard for investigating and characterizing this key component of numerous intracellular messaging and regulatory pathways that may hold the connection between aging and tumorigenesis.

Recent Advances on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Molecular Target for Breast Cancer Therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swathi R. Shetty ◽  
Ragini Yeeravalli ◽  
Tanya Bera ◽  
Amitava Das
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Egfr Inhibition ◽  
Epidermal Growth

: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a type-I transmembrane protein with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity is activated by peptide growth factors such as EGF, epigen, amphiregulin, etc. EGFR plays a vital role in regulating cell growth, migration, and differentiation in various tissue-specific cancers. It has been reported to be overexpressed in lung, head, and neck, colon, brain, pancreatic, and breast cancer that trigger tumor progression and drug resistance. EGFR overexpression alters the signaling pathway and induces cell division, invasion, and cell survival. Our prior studies demonstrated that EGFR inhibition modulates chemosensitivity in breast cancer stem cells thereby serving as a potential drug target for breast cancer mitigation. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Lapatinib, Neratinib) and monoclonal antibodies (Trastuzumab) targeting EGFR have been developed and approved by the US FDA for clinical use against breast cancer. This review highlights the critical role of EGFR in breast cancer progression and enumerates the various approaches being undertaken to inhibit aggressive breast cancers by suppressing the downstream pathways. Further, the mechanisms of action of potential molecules at various stages of drug development as well as clinically approved drugs for breast cancer treatment are illustrated.

scholarly journals Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (18) ◽  
pp. 13162-13166
Author(s):  
Y. Konda ◽  
I. Gantz ◽  
J. DelValle ◽  
Y. Shimoto ◽  
H. Miwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways

scholarly journals HER2-positive breast cancer and tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the time is now

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Schlam ◽  
Sandra M. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer accounts for 20–25% of all breast cancers. Multiple HER2-targeted therapies have been developed over the last few years, including the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) lapatinib, neratinib, tucatinib, and pyrotinib. These drugs target HER2 and other receptors of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, therefore each has unique efficacy and adverse event profile. HER2-directed TKIs have been studied in the early stage and advanced settings and have shown promising responses. There is increasing interest in utilizing these drugs in combination with chemotherapy and /or other HER2-directed agents in patients with central nervous system involvement, TKIs have shown to be effective in this setting for which treatment options have been previously limited and the prognosis remains poor. The aim of this review is to summarize currently approved TKIs for HER2+ breast, key clinical trials, and their use in current clinical practice.

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