scholarly journals Understanding the Plant-microbe Interactions in CRISPR/Cas9 Era: Indeed a Sprinting Start in Marathon

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Seenichamy Rathinam Prabhukarthikeyan ◽  
Chidambaranathan Parameswaran ◽  
Umapathy Keerthana ◽  
Basavaraj Teli ◽  
Prasanth Tej Kumar Jagannadham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Plant-microbe interactions can be either beneficial or harmful depending on the nature of the interaction. Multifaceted benefits of plant-associated microbes in crops are well documented. Specifically, the management of plant diseases using beneficial microbes is considered to be eco-friendly and the best alternative for sustainable agriculture. Diseases caused by various phytopathogens are responsible for a significant reduction in crop yield and cause substantial economic losses globally. In an ecosystem, there is always an equally daunting challenge for the establishment of disease and development of resistance by pathogens and plants, respectively. In particular, comprehending the complete view of the complex biological systems of plant-pathogen interactions, co-evolution and plant growth promotions (PGP) at both genetic and molecular levels requires novel approaches to decipher the function of genes involved in their interaction. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is a fast, emerging, precise, ecofriendly and efficient tool to address the challenges in agriculture and decipher plant-microbe interaction in crops. Nowadays, the CRISPR/Cas9 approach is receiving major attention in the field of functional genomics and crop improvement. Consequently, the present review updates the prevailing knowledge in the deployment of CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to understand plant-microbe interactions, genes edited for the development of fungal, bacterial and viral disease resistance, to elucidate the nodulation processes, plant growth promotion, and future implications in agriculture. Further, CRISPR/Cas9 would be a new tool for the management of plant diseases and increasing productivity for climate resilience farming.

scholarly journals Elevation of Systemic Defense in Potato Against Alternaria Solani by a Consortium of Compatible Trichoderma Spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Ram Chandra ◽  
Lopamudra Behera ◽  
Chetan Keswani ◽  
Estibaliz Sansinenea
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Potato Plants

Abstract The crop loss due to phytopathogens is a serious problem affecting the entire world. To avoid economic losses due to phytopathogens synthetic chemicals have been used for years generating serious concerns about the human health and environment. Today the use of beneficial microorganisms to treat phytopathogens is gaining attention. In this way, Trichoderma spp. has been used for combating plant diseases and inducing defense response in plants. With this idea in mind, in this study we evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum as single as well as in combination for elevating the defense response and growth promotion activities in potato challenged with Alternaria solani. The mycelial inhibition of A. solani by T. viride and T. harzianum was recorded and compared with control. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed the collapsed hyphae and sunken conidia of A. solani due to antagonistic activity of T. viride and T. harzianum. Induction of defense enzymes including TPC, PAL, SOD and total protein content was increased in Trichoderma spp, treated plants as compared with pathogen inoculated plants. HPLC analysis demonstrated higher production in phenolic compounds during combined application of Trichoderma spp. treated potato plants in the response of A. solani infection. Moreover, treatment with Trichoderma spp. consortium showed significant growth promotion in potato plants comparing with the control.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Agriculture: An Important Natural Resource for Crop Improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Environmentally Sound

It is usually admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. The increasing demand for production with a significant reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best ecofriendly alternatives.

scholarly journals Compost Inoculated with Fungi from a Mangrove Habitat Improved the Growth and Disease Defense of Vegetable Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Fuad Ameen ◽  
Ali A. Al-Homaidan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Fungi ◽  
Disease Defense

Municipal organic wastes could be exploited as fertilizers, having been given the ability to suppress plant diseases by the inoculation of the waste with certain fungi in the composting process. Our aim was to develop a novel fertilizer using composting in combination with fungi associated with mangrove forests. Nine fungal species were isolated from a mangrove forest habitat and screened for their activity against five phytopathogenic fungi, their plant-growth promotion ability, and their phosphate solubilization ability. Two fungal isolates, Penicillium vinaceum and Eupenicillium hirayama, were inoculated into organic waste before the composting experiment. After 90 days, the physico-chemical properties of the compost (color, moisture, pH, C:N ratio and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) indicated the maturity of the compost. The C:N ratio decreased and the CEC value increased most in the compost with the inoculum of both mangrove fungi. The vegetable plants grown in the mangrove fungi-inoculated composts had a higher vigor index than those grown in the control compost. The seeds collected from the plants grown in the fungi-inoculated composts had higher disease defense ability than the seeds collected from the control compost. The results indicated that the properties of the fungi shown in vitro (antagonistic and plant-growth promotion) remained in the mature compost. The seeds of the plants acquired disease defense ability, which is a remarkable observation that is useful in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Genome Characteristics Reveal the Biocontrol Potential of Actinobacteria Isolated From Sugarcane Rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Manoj Kumar Solanki ◽  
Zhuo-Xin Yu ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Deng-Feng Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Defense Enzyme ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

To understand the beneficial interaction of sugarcane rhizosphere actinobacteria in promoting plant growth and managing plant diseases, this study investigated the potential role of sugarcane rhizospheric actinobacteria in promoting plant growth and antagonizing plant pathogens. We isolated 58 actinobacteria from the sugarcane rhizosphere, conducted plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics research, and tested the pathogenic fungi in vitro. Results showed that BTU6 (Streptomyces griseorubiginosus), the most representative strain, regulates plant defense enzyme activity and significantly enhances sugarcane smut resistance by regulating stress resistance-related enzyme (substances (POD, PAL, PPO, TP) in sugarcane) activity in sugarcane. The genomic evaluation indicated that BTU6 has the ability to biosynthesize chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and various secondary metabolites and plays an essential role in the growth of sugarcane plants under biotic stress. Potential mechanisms of the strain in improving the disease resistance of sugarcane plants and its potential in biodegrading exogenous chemicals were also revealed. This study showed the importance of sugarcane rhizosphere actinobacteria in microbial ecology and plant growth promotion.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Endophytic Bacillus cereus T4S and Its Plant Growth-Promoting Traits

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Adeleke ◽  
Ayansina Ayangbenro ◽  
Olubukola Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Read Length ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Traits

Insights into plant endophytic microbes and their exploration in agriculture have provided opportunities for sustainable plant health and food safety. Notable endophytic Bacillus species with plant growth-promoting traits have been documented; nevertheless, information on genome analysis of B. cereus associated with the sunflower in South Africa has not been studied. Therefore, we present whole-genome sequence of agriculturally important B. cereus strain T4S isolated from sunflower plants. The NextSeq Illumina sequencing yielded 7,255,762 bp sequence reads, 151 bp average read length, 5,945,881 bp genome size, 56 tRNA, 63 rRNA, and G + C content of 34.8%. The phylogeny analysis of strain T4S was similar to B. cereus NJ-W. Secondary metabolites, such as petrobactin, bacillibactin, bacitracin, molybdenum factor, zwittermicin, and fengycin underlining bacterial biocontrol efficacy against phytopathogens were found in the T4S genome. The predicted novel genes in the bacterial genome mediating the complex metabolic pathways can provide a genetic basis in understanding endosphere biology and their multiple functions thereof in crop improvement. Interestingly, seed and root inoculation with strain T4S contributed to sunflower yield under greenhouse experiments. Hence, the detection of notable genes specific for plant growth promotion as validated under in vitro screening, promisingly, suggests the relevance of strain T4S in agricultural biotechnology.

scholarly journals Genome Mining of Antimicrobial Gene Clusters from Phyllospheric Bacteria Isolated from Solanum Lycopersicum and Lactuca Sativa to Identify Biocontrol Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Y. Muñoz ◽  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Yunhai Yi ◽  
Oscar P. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Abstract BackgroundBiocontrol agents are sustainable eco-friendly alternatives for chemical pesticides that cause adverse effects in the environment and toxicity in animals including humans. An improved understanding of the phyllosphere microbiology is of vital importance for biocontrol development. Most studies have been directed towards beneficial plant-microbe interactions and ignore the pathogens that might affect humans when consuming vegetables. In this study we extended this perspective and investigated potential biocontrol strains isolated from the tomato and lettuce phyllosphere that can promote plant growth and antagonize mammalian pathogens as well as plant pathogens. Subsequently, we mined into their genomes for discovery of antimicrobial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), several of which are good candidates to produce protectants against microbial plant and mammalian pathogens.Results The antimicrobial activity of 69 newly isolated strains from a healthy tomato and lettuce phyllosphere against several plant and mammalian pathogens was determined with plates assays. Three strains with the highest antimicrobial activity against the relevant pathogens were selected and characterized (Bacillus subtilis STRP31, Bacillus velezensis SPL51, and Paenibacillus sp. PL91). All three strains showed a plant growth promotion effect by the production of volatile compounds (VOCs) on tomato and lettuce. In addition, genome mining of these isolates showed the presence of a large variety of biosynthetic gene clusters. A total of 39 BGCs were identified, of which several are already known, such as bacilysin, bacillibactin, surfactin, subtilomycin, etc., but also several novel ones. Further analysis revealed that among the novel BGCs, one NRPS and two bacteriocins are encoded which were analyzed in more depth.Conclusions Several antimicrobial BGCs were found in the selected strains, including the rediscovery of known ones, but also the discovery of novel ones. Our study serves as support for subsequent examination and characterization of novel antimicrobial metabolites, and the possibility of developing biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequence of a Plant Growth-Promoting Strain, Serratia marcescens BTL07, Isolated from the Rhizoplane of Capsicum annuum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Dutta ◽  
Amena Khatun ◽  
Dipali Rani Gupta ◽  
Musrat Zahan Surovy ◽  
M. Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type

Serratia marcescens strain BTL07, which has the ability to promote growth and suppress plant diseases, was isolated from the rhizoplane of a chili plant. The draft genome sequence data of the strain will contribute to advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion and tolerance to different stresses.

scholarly journals The Endophytic Microbiome as a Hotspot of Synergistic Interactions, with Prospects of Plant Growth Promotion

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Udaya Kumar Vandana ◽  
Jina Rajkumari ◽  
L. Paikhomba Singha ◽  
Lakkakula Satish ◽  
Hemasundar Alavilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbe Interactions

The plant root is the primary site of interaction between plants and associated microorganisms and constitutes the main components of plant microbiomes that impact crop production. The endophytic bacteria in the root zone have an important role in plant growth promotion. Diverse microbial communities inhabit plant root tissues, and they directly or indirectly promote plant growth by inhibiting the growth of plant pathogens, producing various secondary metabolites. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion and response of root endophytic microorganisms for their survival and colonization in the host plants are the result of complex plant-microbe interactions. Endophytic microorganisms also assist the host to sustain different biotic and abiotic stresses. Better insights are emerging for the endophyte, such as host plant interactions due to advancements in ‘omic’ technologies, which facilitate the exploration of genes that are responsible for plant tissue colonization. Consequently, this is informative to envisage putative functions and metabolic processes crucial for endophytic adaptations. Detection of cell signaling molecules between host plants and identification of compounds synthesized by root endophytes are effective means for their utilization in the agriculture sector as biofertilizers. In addition, it is interesting that the endophytic microorganism colonization impacts the relative abundance of indigenous microbial communities and suppresses the deleterious microorganisms in plant tissues. Natural products released by endophytes act as biocontrol agents and inhibit pathogen growth. The symbiosis of endophytic bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant symbiotic signaling pathways and root colonization patterns and phytohormone synthesis. In this review, the potential of the root endophytic community, colonization, and role in the improvement of plant growth has been explained in the light of intricate plant-microbe interactions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document