scholarly journals The impact of natural and synthetic polymers in formulating micro and nanoparticles for antidiabetic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Al-hashimi ◽  
Mai Babenko ◽  
Maria Saaed ◽  
Negeen Kargar ◽  
Amr ElShaer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

: Diabetes mellitus is one of the long known chronic diseases, today over 400 million people are diagnosed with diabetes. Yet curing diabetes is a challenge. Over the decades, the approaches of treating diabetes mellitus have evolved and polymeric materials have played an integral part in developing and manufacturing anti-diabetic medications. However, injection of insulin remains the conventional therapy for the treatment of diabetes. Oral administration is generally the most preferred route; yet, physiological barriers lead to a challenge for the formulation development for oral delivery of antidiabetic peptide and protein drugs. This present review focuses on the role of different types of biodegradable polymers (e.g., synthetic and natural) that have been used to develop micro and nano particles based formulations for antidiabetic drugs (Type 1 and Type 2) and how the various encapsulation strategies impact its therapeutic effect, including pharmacokinetics studies, drug release profiles and efficacy of the encapsulated drugs. This review also includes studies of different dosage forms such as oral, nasal, inhalation and sublingual for the treatment of diabetes that have been investigated using synthetic and natural biodegradable polymers in order to develop an alternative route to subcutaneous route for a better control of serum glucose levels.

Association and treatment of diabetes in patients affected by Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1198-1201
Author(s):  
Syed Yasir Afaque
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Composite Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

In December 2019, a unique coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in the province of Wuhan in China. Since then, it spread rapidly all over the world and has been responsible for a large number of morbidity and mortality among humans. According to a latest study, Diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, Hypertension etc. are being considered important risk factors for the development of this infection and is also associated with unfavorable outcomes in these patients. There is little evidence concerning the trail back of these patients possibly because of a small number of participants and people who experienced primary composite outcomes (such as admission in the ICU, usage of machine-driven ventilation or even fatality of these patients). Until now, there are no academic findings that have proven independent prognostic value of diabetes on death in the novel Coronavirus patients. However, there are several conjectures linking Diabetes with the impact as well as progression of COVID-19 in these patients. The aim of this review is to acknowledge about the association amongst Diabetes and the novel Coronavirus and the result of the infection in such patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic potential of homeopathic medicines Insulinum, Pancreatinum and Uranium nitricum in Streptozotocin Induced diabetic Rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 02-17
Author(s):  
Aditya Dilipkumar Patil ◽  
Charusheela Dilipkumar Patil ◽  
Dilipkumar Kondiba Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

INTRODUCTION – Diabetes Mellitus is an emerging endocrine and metabolic disorder which has affected millions of people globally. Homeopathy a science of ultra-molecular doses with a holistic approach is used in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Homeopathic medicines are prepared from plant, mineral, sarcodes, nosodes and animal parts. Insulinum, Pancreatinum and Uranium nitricum is used in homeopathy for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. However no any preclinical studies have been investigated for the anti-diabetic effect and its safety. METHODS – Homeopathic medicines Insulinum, Pancreatinum and Uranium nitricum in 6C (1012) dilution factor were used to examine antihyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. After 28 days treatment bodyweight, Hematology, Biochemistry (serum glucose, urea, creatinine, SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, HbA1C with histopathology of (Liver, Kidney, Pancreas) was measured. RESULTS – After Streptozotocin induction, the animals have shown significant increase in the fasting blood glucose level (p

scholarly journals Oral insulin delivery for treatment of diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Durga Devi K
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Oral Insulin ◽  
Polymer Microsphere ◽  
Enzyme Degradation ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a condition known as hyperglycemia which may be controlled through medication and insulin. Current insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus involves frequent dosing of subcutaneous injections, causing local discomfort, patient incompliance, hypoglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, among others, one of the approaches to overcoming these issues is to administer insulin through oral route. An oral form of insulin has been the elusive goal for many investigators since the protein initial discovery by Banting and Best in 1922. Oral delivery of insulin is one of the promising and anticipated areas in the treatment of diabetes, primarily because it may significantly improve the quality of life of patients who receives insulin regularly. However, there are several challenges in developing an oral route for insulin delivery; include low bioavailability due to rapid enzyme degradation in the stomach, inactivation, and digestion by proteolytic enzymes in the intestinal lumen, poor permeability, and poor stability. Several companies have developed technology platforms that protect polypeptides and proteins from enzymatic hydrolysis, enable their transport across the epithelial lining, and promote their absorption from the GI tract. Most notably, the use of permeation enhancers, protease inhibitors, enteric coatings, and polymer microsphere formulation will be covered, including commentary on which methods hold more promise towards the successful development of oral insulin. This review, considers the current literature on the advances, methods, needs, and challenges in the development of oral insulin.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic potential of Triphala Guggul - an ayurvedic formulation in alloxan-induced diabetes animal model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Krishna Murthy ◽  
Snehal D. Jagadale ◽  
Solunke R. S. ◽  
Shete R. V. ◽  
Priyanka Nangare
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential antidiabetic drug Triphala guggul (TG), an indigenous polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation in an alloxan-induced diabetes rat model. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats. The rats were divided into nine groups, including the groups of normal control which received the vehicle, the standard group (Glibenclamide) and rats with induced diabetes were treated with the tablet of Triphala guggul and Triphala guggul churna in doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. They were administered orally for 28 days on a single dose. Blood was collected from the vein in the tail on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Biochemical estimates were made using blood serum. Acute toxicity studies did not reveal toxicity in rats. For 28 days, Administration of Triphala guggul tablet and Triphala guggul churna formulations improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetes-induced rats and after 28 days, resulted in a significant reduction in serum glucose level compared to normal control rats. These formulations do not affect the kidney, adipose tissue, and liver. The Triphala guggul formulation has a promising antidiabetic property and is effective in the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals Once Weekly Basal Insulin Fc (BIF) is Safe and Efficacious in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Previously Treated With Basal Insulin

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A448-A449
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Frias ◽  
Jenny Chien ◽  
Qianyi Zhang ◽  
Emmanuel Chigutsa ◽  
William Landschulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Insulin Degludec ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Abstract Basal insulin Fc (BIF; LY3209590) is a novel, once-weekly, long-acting IgG Fc-fusion protein that is being assessed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The presented study evaluated the safety and efficacy of BIF compared to insulin degludec over 32 weeks in patients with T2DM previously treated with oral antidiabetic drugs and a basal insulin. The study design included 2 different dosing algorithms for BIF (BIF-A1 and BIF-A2) with two different fasting glucose (FG) targets of ≤140 mg/dL (BIF-A1) and ≤120 mg/dL (BIF-A2). Insulin degludec was titrated to a FG target of ≤100mg/dL using a modified Riddle treat-to-target algorithm. Study participants (N=399) were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to 1 of 3 parallel treatment groups. The average age of participants was 60.2 years, baseline HbA1c was 8.1% and duration of diabetes 14.7 years. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics or baseline characteristics across the 3 treatment groups. Both BIF groups achieved non-inferiority (non-inferiority margin = 0.4%) for the primary endpoint of HbA1c change from baseline to Week 32 with a mean±SE reduction for BIF-A1, BIF-A2 and insulin degludec of 0.6±0.1%, 0.6±0.1% and 0.7±0.1%, respectively. In line with the different fasting serum glucose (FSG) targets, insulin degludec achieved greater FSG lowering from baseline as compared to the BIF arms. Similarly, both BIF dosing groups showed significantly fewer hypoglycemic events compared to insulin degludec (all documented events as well as nocturnal events) when assessing events ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Hypoglycemic events <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L - all documented events as well as nocturnal events) were not significantly different between the three dosing groups. Two severe hypoglycemic events were reported in BIF-A2. The reported treatment-emergent adverse events and serious adverse events were balanced across the 3 treatment groups. Both BIF groups had a statistically significantly smaller increase in body weight compared to insulin degludec from baseline to Week 32. In summary, BIF, when administered weekly according to either dosing algorithm, was noninferior to insulin degludec for glycemic control as measured by change in HbA1c after 32 weeks with a lower rate of documented and nocturnal hypoglycemia ≤70 mg/dL and less weight gain. Additionally, no safety signals were detected. While higher FG targets were chosen in this first Phase 2 study with BIF, the safety and tolerability results allow assessment of lower target glucose ranges in future trials. The results from this study support continued development of BIF as a once-weekly insulin treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Pharmacist contributions in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Southeast Asia: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Wulan Dwiputri ◽  
Liza Pristianty ◽  
Andi Hermansyah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Pharmacist Intervention ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Pharmacist Services ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe growing burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Southeast Asia puts pharmacists in the ideal position to provide management of DM. This narrative review aims to describe the evidence of pharmacist contribution in improving DM in Southeast Asia.ContentA literature search was conducted to identify relevant research articles published from 2010 to 2018 in four databases (Scopus, Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Springerlink) describing pharmacist roles and activities intended to improve management of DM in Southeast Asian countries. Results were synthesized narratively and divided into three main sections: (1) the role of pharmacist in DM management, (2) the impact of pharmacist role, and (3) the barriers to the implementation of services in DM management. A total of 16 studies were identified, of which ten studies mentioned services that were conducted exclusively by a pharmacist and the remaining collaborated with other health professionals. A number of pharmacist services were reported including prevention, dispensing, medication review, drug information services, patient counselling and education, monitoring, follow-up, and referral. Barriers related to individual, organizational, and public recognition were described.Summary and outlookThe Pharmacist can contribute to improve DM management in a variety of settings. Action research on pharmacist intervention in DM is recommended.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic therapies and male reproductive function: where do we stand?

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. R13-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Tavares ◽  
S Escada-Rebelo ◽  
A F Silva ◽  
M I Sousa ◽  
J Ramalho-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Antidiabetic Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes mellitus has been increasing at alarming rates in recent years, thus jeopardizing human health worldwide. Several antidiabetic drugs have been introduced in the market to manage glycemic levels, and proven effective in avoiding, minimizing or preventing the appearance or development of diabetes mellitus-related complications. However, and despite the established association between such pathology and male reproductive dysfunction, the influence of these therapeutic interventions on such topics have been scarcely explored. Importantly, this pathology may contribute toward the global decline in male fertility, giving the increasing preponderance of diabetes mellitus in young men at their reproductive age. Therefore, it is mandatory that the reproductive health of diabetic individuals is maintained during the antidiabetic treatment. With this in mind, we have gathered the available information and made a critical analysis regarding the effects of several antidiabetic drugs on male reproductive function. Unlike insulin, which has a clear and fundamental role on male reproductive function, the other antidiabetic therapies' effects at this level seem incoherent. In fact, studies are highly controversial possibly due to the different experimental study approaches, which, in our opinion, suggests caution when it comes to prescribing such drugs to young diabetic patients. Overall, much is still to be determined and further studies are needed to clarify the safety of these antidiabetic strategies on male reproductive system. Aspects such as the effects of insulin levels variations, consequent of insulin therapy, as well as what will be the impact of the side effect hypoglycemia, common to several therapeutic strategies discussed, on the male reproductive system are still to be addressed.

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